بررسی الگوهای کشاورزی مناسب جهت آبیاری با پساب شهر سبزوار
محورهای موضوعی :
کشاورزی و محیط زیست
سید مهدی حسینی شاد
1
,
محمد هادی مهدی نژاد
2
,
اسماعیل نصرآبادی
3
1 - کارشناس ارشد مهندسی آب وفاضلاب- موسسه آموزش عالی لامعی گرگانی، گرگان، ایران.
2 - دانشیار، مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت محیط، گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گلستان، گرگان، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - مربی، دانشکده علامه طباطبایی،دانشگاه فرهنگیان، سبزوار، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1395/03/16
تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/07/01
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/11/01
کلید واژه:
پساب,
الگوهای کشاورزی,
آبیاری,
سبزوار,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: در ایران بخش بزرگی از آب مورد استفاده شـهرهای بزرگ به فاضلاب های شهری تبدیل می شود. با توجه به کمبود منابع آب کشور، پساب فاضلاب های شهری می توانند به عنـوان یکی از منابع مهم آب جایگزین ، در توسعه فضـای سـبز، کمربند سبز اطراف شهرها و مصارف کشاورزی بـه کارگرفتـه شـود.
روش بررسی: در پژوهش توصیفی تحلیلی حاضر، ابتدا میزان سازگاری محصولات کشاورزی مختلف با آب مورد استفاده در آبیاری مطالعه گردید. برای بررسی الگوی مناسب کشاورزی توسط پساب، میزان تولید پساب و خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی پساب شهر سبزوار تعیین و مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرارگرفت.
یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که بهترین کشت برای 2000 متر مکعب پساب خروجی روزانه با کیفیت نسبتاً خوب و در منطقه سبزوار با اقلیمی گرم و خشک و با خاک سبک و ماسه ای کاشت محصولاتی چون جو ، ذرت علوفه ای ، ارزن علوفه ای ، پنبه و یونجه و با احتیاط گندم است.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: باید از کاشت محصولات صیفی و سبزیجات به خاطر وجود آلودگی های ویروسی و انگلی و اقلیم منطقه به ویژه در فصل گرم که موجب افزایش املاح در سطح خاک می شود اجتناب شود. بهترین شیوه آبیاری استفاده از سیستم آبیاری زیر سطحی می باشد. گسترش پهنه زیر کشت محصولات در این منطقه موجب تثبیت خاک و کاهش اثرات مخرب بادها بر زندگی ساکنان شهر سبزوار خواهد شد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: A large part of the water used in big cities change as wastewater. Due to lack of water resources, municipal wastewater treatment plant's effluent can use as one of the important sources of new water in order to the development of green spaces, green belt in around cities and agriculture purposes.
Material and Methodology: In this analytical-descriptive study, the degrees of compatibility of various crops with water used in irrigation were studied. For surveying a suitable pattern by wastewater treatment plant's effluent for irrigation agriculture, the quantity and physical and chemical properties of wastewater treatment plant's effluent in sabzevar city have been analyzed.
Findings: The results showed that the quantity of wastewater treatment plant's effluent is daily 2000m3. Due to having hot and dry climate and included sand and light soil, crops such as barley, corn, millet, forage, cotton and alfalfa and discreet wheat are good.
Discussion and Conclusion: to cropping of legumes and vegetables due to viral and parasitic pollution were avoided and the warm climate in the region which is an increase of salts in the soil surface is avoided. The best irrigation method is subsurface irrigation system. To expand the area under crops in the region was caused stabilizing soil and reduce the adverse effects from winds on the lives in sabzevar city.
منابع و مأخذ:
Feizi M. Effect of Treated Wastewater on Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Plants and Soil. International Workshop on Wastewater Reuse Management.ICID-CIID Seoul, Korea 2001; 137-146.
Alinezhadian A, Karimi A, Mohammadi J, Nikookhah F, Anderson MN. Study of soil bacterial and crop quality irrigated with treated municipal wastewater, Iran. J. Health & Environ., 2014; 6(3):365-377.
Yazdanee V, Ghahreman B, Davodee K, Fazeli E. The effect of waste water on physical and chemical features of soil.2015; 16(1): 543-558.
Sabzevar Water and Wastewater Company, Technical Report, 2015. (In Persian)
Bostani A, Ansari H, Akbarzadeh MR. Analysis of using of Treated Wastewater at agricultural , criteria and Approaches to urban areas Mashhad, 2nd national conference of reuse water and treated wastewater in water source management, 2010. (In Persian)
Danesh S, Alizadeh A, Haghnia GH, Effect of treated wastewater irrigation on quantity and quality of sugar beet and forage beet, Final report, Faculty of Agricultural, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 1990. (In Persian)
Hussain G, Al-Saati JA. Wastewater Quality and its Reuse in Agriculture in Saudi Arabia. Desalination 1999; 123: 241-251.
Ayers, R.S, Westcot DW. Water Quality for Agriculture. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, No. 29, FAO, Rome, Italy. 1985.
Patterson RA. Soil Hydraulic Conductivity and Domestic Wastewater. Wat. Scie. And Technol 1996; 43(12): 103-108.
Zadhosh A. The Survey of The Effects of Treated Wastewater on soil and plant, M.Sc. Dissertation of Irrigation Group, School of Agriculture, University of Tehran, 1996. (In Persian)
Karimi sani H.R, Allahabadi A, Vazirinejad T. The Role of Evaporation at Changing of The Quality of Sabzavar Treated Wastewater, Sabzevar Water and Wastewater Company, Technical report,1998. (In Persian)
Alizadeh A. Use of Domestic Treated Wastewater for Sugar Beet Irrigation, Water and Wastewater Company, Technical report, 1990. (In Persian)
Saber, M. S. M. Prolonged Effect of Land Disposal of Human Waste on Soil Conditions. Wat. Sci. Tech.1986, Vol.18, 371-374.
14.Alizadeh, A., Using Reclaimed Municipal Wastewater for Irrigation of Corn. International Workshop on Wastewater Reuse Management. ICID-CIID. Seoul. Korea. 2001, 147-154.
Cheng, A. C., Warknek, J. E., Page, A. L., Land, A. J. Accumulation of Heavy Metal in Sewage Sludge Treated Soils. J. Environ. Qual. 1984.Vol.13. 87-90.
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Feizi M. Effect of Treated Wastewater on Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Plants and Soil. International Workshop on Wastewater Reuse Management.ICID-CIID Seoul, Korea 2001; 137-146.
Alinezhadian A, Karimi A, Mohammadi J, Nikookhah F, Anderson MN. Study of soil bacterial and crop quality irrigated with treated municipal wastewater, Iran. J. Health & Environ., 2014; 6(3):365-377.
Yazdanee V, Ghahreman B, Davodee K, Fazeli E. The effect of waste water on physical and chemical features of soil.2015; 16(1): 543-558.
Sabzevar Water and Wastewater Company, Technical Report, 2015. (In Persian)
Bostani A, Ansari H, Akbarzadeh MR. Analysis of using of Treated Wastewater at agricultural , criteria and Approaches to urban areas Mashhad, 2nd national conference of reuse water and treated wastewater in water source management, 2010. (In Persian)
Danesh S, Alizadeh A, Haghnia GH, Effect of treated wastewater irrigation on quantity and quality of sugar beet and forage beet, Final report, Faculty of Agricultural, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 1990. (In Persian)
Hussain G, Al-Saati JA. Wastewater Quality and its Reuse in Agriculture in Saudi Arabia. Desalination 1999; 123: 241-251.
Ayers, R.S, Westcot DW. Water Quality for Agriculture. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, No. 29, FAO, Rome, Italy. 1985.
Patterson RA. Soil Hydraulic Conductivity and Domestic Wastewater. Wat. Scie. And Technol 1996; 43(12): 103-108.
Zadhosh A. The Survey of The Effects of Treated Wastewater on soil and plant, M.Sc. Dissertation of Irrigation Group, School of Agriculture, University of Tehran, 1996. (In Persian)
Karimi sani H.R, Allahabadi A, Vazirinejad T. The Role of Evaporation at Changing of The Quality of Sabzavar Treated Wastewater, Sabzevar Water and Wastewater Company, Technical report,1998. (In Persian)
Alizadeh A. Use of Domestic Treated Wastewater for Sugar Beet Irrigation, Water and Wastewater Company, Technical report, 1990. (In Persian)
Saber, M. S. M. Prolonged Effect of Land Disposal of Human Waste on Soil Conditions. Wat. Sci. Tech.1986, Vol.18, 371-374.
14.Alizadeh, A., Using Reclaimed Municipal Wastewater for Irrigation of Corn. International Workshop on Wastewater Reuse Management. ICID-CIID. Seoul. Korea. 2001, 147-154.
Cheng, A. C., Warknek, J. E., Page, A. L., Land, A. J. Accumulation of Heavy Metal in Sewage Sludge Treated Soils. J. Environ. Qual. 1984.Vol.13. 87-90.