بررسی اثربخشی برنامه مداخله‌ای توجه متمرکز و تقسیم‌شده بر ظرفیت عدد کل و توالی عدد-حرف در کودکان مبتلا به اختلال یادگیری خاص
محورهای موضوعی : تربیتی
رعنا بوستان زر
1
(دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد روان‌شناسی بالینی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد قزوین، قزوین، ایران.)
سعید رضایی
2
(استادیار روان‌شناسی کودکان استثنایی ، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.)
کلید واژه: توالی عدد-حرف, ظرفیت عدد کل, توجه متمرکز, اختلال یادگیری خاص, توجه تقسیم‌شده,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف این پژوهش، بررسی تأثیر برنامه مداخله‌ای آموزش توجه متمرکز و تقسیم‌شده بر ظرفیت عدد کل و توالی عدد-حرف در کودکان مبتلا به اختلال یادگیری خاص بود. روش پژوهش، آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون- پس‌آزمون و پیگیری با گروه کنترل و جامعۀ آماری پژوهش شامل همۀ دانش‌آموزان 6 تا 9 سال تحت درمان در مراکز اختلالات یادگیری شهر تهران بود. تعداد 16 دانش‌آموز به‌صورت تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند و به‌صورت تصادفی در دو گروه برابر آزمایش و گواه قرار گرفتند و با استفاده از آزمون‌های ظرفیت عدد کل و توالی عدد-حرف از نسخۀ چهارم مقیاس هوش وکسلر کودکان مورد پیش‌آزمون قرار گرفتند. پس از اجرای 8 جلسۀ 30 تا 40 دقیقه‌ای آموزش توجه متمرکز و تقسیم‌شده به‌صورت فردی روی گروه آزمایشی، از هر 16 نفر پس‌آزمون گرفته شد و پس از گذشت زمان به مدت یک ماه و نیم، پیگیری صورت گرفت. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از روش آمیخته (Split Plot) استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که بین دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل در افزایش نمره‌های عملکرد ظرفیت عدد کل و توالیعدد-حرف تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد(01/0>P)؛ بنابراین برنامه مداخله‌ای طراحی‌شده مبتنی بر آموزش توجه متمرکز و تقسیم‌شده باعث افزایش ظرفیت عدد کل و توالی عدد-حرف در کودکان مبتلا به اختلال یادگیری خاص می‌شود.
The purpose of this study was to investigate an intervention program focused and divided attention and study of its effectiveness on digit span and number and letter sequence in children with specific learning disorder. The research method was experimental with pre-test, post-test with control group, and research statistical society included all the students at age of 6-9 years old Treated in learning disorders centers in Tehran. 16 students were simple random selected and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups and the digit span test and the number and letter sequence test of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Fourth Edition were used for pre-test. After running 8 individual sessions of 30-40 minutes of focused and divided attention training on the experimental group, all of the 16 subjects were post-tested and after a time period of one month and a half, were followed up. The data were analyzed whit Split Plot method. The results showed that there were significant differences between the two experimental and control groups in increasing the performance scores of digit span and number and letter sequence (p < 0.01). Thus, developing intervention program focused and divided attention causes to increased digit span and number and letter sequence in children with specific learning disorder.
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