بررسی اثر تاریخ کاشت و کود شیمیایی بر محتوی رطوبت بذر بالنگو شیرازی Lallemantia royleana Benth در طی پر شدن دانه
الموضوعات :
طاهره کریمی جلیله وندی
1
(دانشگاه شاهد)
الکلمات المفتاحية: انبارداری, کشت بهاره, کود فسفره, خواص دارویی, کشت پاییزه,
ملخص المقالة :
به منظور بررسی تأثیر تاریخ کاشت و کود نیتروژن و فسفر بر محتوی رطوبت بذربالنگو شیرازی در طی پر شدن دانه، پژوهشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار، در سال زراعی 93 – 92 اجرا شد. عوامل آزمایش شامل: تاریخ کشت پائیزه و بهاره و کود شیمیایی (نیتروژن، فسفر) در سه سطح عدم کود، کاربرد نصف کود (23 کیلوگرم در هکتار N خالص + 6/50 کیلوگرم در هکتار P2O5) و کاربرد مقدار کامل کود (46 کیلوگرم در هکتار N + 2/101 کیلوگرم در هکتار P2O5) بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثر کود شیمیایی بر درصد رطوبت بذر در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی دار اما اثر تاریخ کاشت، اثر متقابل تاریخ کاشت و کود شیمیایی بر درصد رطوبت بذر در طی پر شدن دانه در سطح احتمال یک درصد غیر معنی دار بود. نتایج مقایسه میانگین نشان داد که بیش ترین این صفت مربوط به تیمار بدون کود (812/20)و کم ترین آن مربوط به تیمار مقدار کامل کود (46 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژن خالص و 2/101 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود P2O5) (165/8) بود که البته از لحاظ آماری با تیمار نصف کود(23 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژن خالص و 6/50 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود P2O5) اختلاف معنی داری نداشت. به طور کلی نتایج نشان داد که در کشت پاییزه و تیمار بدون کود بیش ترین درصد رطوبت بذر بالنگو به دست آمد.
Refrences
Abdolzade, A., Shima, K., Lambers, H. and Chiba, C. 2008. Chang in uptake, transport and accumulation of ions in nerium oleander (rosebay) as affected by different nitrogen sources and salinity. Annals of Botany, 102: 735-746.
Ahmed, W. and Basra, S.M.A. 2002. Effect of nitrogen on grain quality and vigour in wheat. International. Journal of Agricultural Biological, 5: 325-329.
Akramghaderi, F., Kashiri, H. and Abolhasani, K. 2005. Effects of different sowing dates on seed vigor of soybean. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 9: 35-42. (in Persian).
Alessi, J., Power, F. and Zimmerman, D.C. 1981. Effects of seeding date and population on water use efficiency and safflower yield. Agronomy Journal, 73: 783-787.
Amanzadeh, Y., Khosravi dehaghi, N., Ghorbani, A,R., Monsef-Esfahani, H.R. and Sadat-Ebrahimi, S.E.2011. Antioxidant activity of Essential oil of Lallemantia iberica in Flowering stage and Post-Flowering stage. Biological Sciences. 6(3): 114-117.
Amini, Z., Hadad, R. and Moradi, F. 2008. Effects of water stress on the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the reproductive growth stages of barley (vulgare L. Hordeum). Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 12(46): 65-74.
Anderson, L.R. and Vasilas, B.L. 1985. Effects of planting date on two soybean cultivars: Seasonal dry matter accumulation and seed yield. Crop science, 25(6): 999-1004.
Andrade, M.M.M, Stamford, N.P, Santos, C.E.R.S,. Freitas, ADS., Sousa, C.A. and Junior, M.A.L. 2013. Effects of biofertilizer with diazotrophic bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi in soil attribute, cowpea nodulation yield and nutrient uptake in field conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 162: 374–379.
Azari, A. and Khajepour, M.R. 2003. "Efect of planting pattern on growth, development, grain yield and yield components in sunflower cv. Kooseh Isfahan in spring planting." Journal of Science and Technology Agricultural Natural Resources, 7.(1): 155-167.
Bagherani tershez, N. 1995. Propagation of Glycyrrhiza by seed and rhizome and its seed germination reaction to scratching and temperature , master's thesis, Shiraz University.
Bailly, C., Benamar, A., Corbineau, F. and CoÃme, D. 2000. Antioxidant systems in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds as affected by priming. Seed Science Research, 10: 35-42.
Basra, A.S. 2002. Seed quality (basic mechanisms and agricultural implications). Darya Ganj, New Delhi. Food Products Press, c1995.
Bewley, J.D. and Black, M. 1994. Seeds Physiology of development and germination, 2nd edn. New York: Plenum Press. P. 376.
Blokhina, O., Virolainen, E. and Fagerstedt, K.V. 2003. Antioxidants, oxidative damage and oxygen deprivation stress: A review. Annals of Botany, 91: 179-1 94.
Board, J.E. and Hall, W. 1984. Premature flowering in soybean yield reductions at nonoptimal planting dates as influenced by temperature and photoperiod. Agronomy Journal, 76:700-704.
Brohi, A.R., Karaman, M.R. Aktas A. and Savasli. E. 1998. Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on the yield and nutrient status of rice crop growth on artificial siltation soil from the Kelkit River. Tr. Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 22: 585-592.
Castillo, A.G., Hamptan, J.G. and Coolbear, P. 1994. Efect of sowing date and harvest timing or seed vigor in garden pea (pisum sativum L.). New Zealand Journal of Crop and HorticultureScience, 22: 91-95.
Darroch, B.A. and Baker, R.J. 1990. Grain filling in three spring wheat genotypes: Statistical analysis. Crop Science, 30: 525-529.
Delouch, J.C. 1980. Environmental effects on seed quality. Horticulture Science, 15: 775-780.
Donohue, K., Barua, D., Butler, C., Tisdale, T., Chiang, G., Dittmar, E. and Casas., R. 2012. Maternal effects alter natural selection on phytochromes through seed germination. Journal of Ecology. 100(3): 750-757.
Faraji, A. 2003. Effect of sowing date and plant density on rapeseed varieties. Iranian Journal of Crop Science 5: 64-73 (In Persian).
Fekri, N., Khayami, M., Heydari, R. and Javadi, M. 2008. Isolation and identification of monosaccharide of Mucilage in Dragon's head by thin layer chromatography. Research of medicinal and aromatic plants, 21(2): 207-216.
Farzaneh, S., Azizie, Sh., Feyzi, P. and Sadegh zadeh, J. 2013. Evaluating the trend growing sugar beet seed (Beta vulgaris) in sowing dates in Ardabil, First National Conference on e-agriculture and sustainable natural resources, Tehran, October Arvand institution of higher education, promoting eco-friendly, http://www.civilica.com/Paper-NACONF01-NACONF01_0307.html.
Filippo D’Antuono, L., Moretti, A. and Lovato, A. F.S. 2002. Seed yield, yield components, oil content and essential oil contentand composition of Nigella sativa L. and Nigella damascena L. Industrial Crops and Products, 15: 59–69.
Ghaderi, A., Kamkar, B. and Soltani, A., 2008. Seed science and technology. Mashhad: Jahade Daneshgahi Mashhad Publication, P: 512, (in Farsi).
Gorai, M., Gasmi, H., and Neffati, M., 2011. Factors influencing seed germination of medicinal plant Salvia aegyptiaca L. (Lamiaceae). Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 18: 255–260.
Gorzin, M., Ghaderi-Far, F., Zeinali, E. and Razavi, S.E.,2015. Evaluation of Seed Germination and Seed Vigor of Different Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Cultivars Under Different Planting Dates in Gorgan. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research,13(3):611-622.
Green, D.E., Pinnell, E.L. and Williams, L.F. 1965. Effect of planting date and
maturity date on soybean seed quality. Agronomy Journal, 57: 165-168.
Grubert, M. 1974. "Studies on the distribution of myxospermy among seeds and fruits of Angiospermae and its ecological importance." Acta Biol. Venez, 8: 315-551.
Gupta, A., Vates, S.K., and Briji, L. 1998. How cheap can a medicinal plant species be?. Current science, 14: 555-556.
Gusta, L.V., Johnson, E.V., Nesbitt, N.T., and Klikland, K.J. 2003. Effect of seeding date on canola seed quality and seed vigour. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 84: 463-471.
Haddad, R., Morris, K. and Buchanan–Wollaston, V. 2004. Expression analysis of genes related to oxidative protection during senescence in Brassica napus. Iranian Journal of Biotechnology, 2: 269-278.
He, H., Vidigal, D., Snoek, L.B., Schnabel, S., Nijveen, H., Hilhorst, H. and Bentsink, L. 2014. Interaction between parental environment and genotype affects plant and seed performance in Arabidopsis. Journal of Experimental Botany, 65(22): 6603–6615.
Hegeman, C.E., Good, L.L. and Grabau, E.A. 2001. Expression of D-myo-Inositol-3-phosphate synthase in soybean. Implications for phytic acid biosynthesis. Plant Physiol, 125: 1941 –1948.
Heydari sharif abade, H. and Torknejhad, A. 2000. Annual Medicago. First Edition. Publishing Research Institute, forests, and meadows. 167 p.
Hrdlickova, J., Hejcman, M., Kristalova, V. and Pavlu, V. 2011. Production, size, and germination of broad-leaved dock seeds collected from mother plants grown under different nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium supplies. Weed Biology and Management, 11: 190–201.
Kafi, M. and Mahdavi Damghani., 2000. Mechanisms of plant resistance to drought. Publications University of Mashhad, 37-49.
Kafi, M., Rezvan Bidokhti, S.H. and Senjani, S. 2011. The effect of planting date and plant density on yield and physiological traits shallot (Allium altissimum Regel.) In climatic conditions Mashhad College of Horticulture (Agricultural Sciences and Technology). Journal of Horticultural Science, 25(3): 310-319.
Kalnyasundrom, N.K., Pateb, P.B. and Dalat, K.C. 1982. Nitrogen need of Plantago ovata in reaction to the available nitrogen in soil.Indian journal of Agricultural Science, 52: 240- 242.
Malakouti, M.J. 1999. Sustainable agriculture and yield increase through optimization of Fertilizers consumption in Iran. Agricultural Education Publications, Karaj, 460 pp.
Mayhew, W.L. and Caviness, C.E. 1994. Seed quality and yield of short-season soybean genotypes. Agronomy Journal, 86: 16-19.
Miranda, M., Vega-Gálvez, A., Quispe- Fuentes, I., Rodríguez, M.J., Maureira, H. and Martínez, E.A. 2012. Nutritional aspects of six quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) ecotypes from three geographical areas of Chile. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research. 72(2):175-181.
Moaafi Pasha Callaii, R. Rameae, V., Faraji, A. and Teymori Shamushak, E.A. 2012. Study levels of nitrogen fertilizer and sowing date on phenological characteristics, grain yield and yield components of rapeseed (Brassica napus). Journal of Plants and Ecosystems, 8(32): 101.
Moazardelan, M. and Savaghebi Ferozabadi, GH.R. 2003. Fertility management for sustainable agriculture (Translation). Tehran University, Publishing and Printing Institute. 218 p.
Modi, A.T. and Asanzi, N.M. 2008. Seed performance of maize in response to phosphorus application and growth temperature is related to phytate-phosphorus occurrence. Crop science, 48: 286-297.
Morid poor, S., Sateei, A. and Ghorbanli, M. 2012. The effect of ammonium nitrate on the activity of antioxidant Urtica (Urtica dioica). The first National Conference on Molecular Cellular News, Parand, Islamic Azad University, Unit of Parand. http://www.civilica.com /Paper-NCNCMB01- NCNCMB01_117.html.
Morrison, M.J., Mcvetty, P.B. and Shaykewick E.J. 1989. The determination and vertification of abaseline temperature for the growth of westar summer rape. Canadian journal of plant science, 69: 455-465.
Naghibi, F., Mosaddegh, M., Mohammadi Motamed, S. and Gorbani, A. 2005. Labiatae family in folk medicine in Iran: from etnobotany to pharmacology, Iranian Journal of Phamaceutical Research, 2: 63-79.
Nikoobin, M., Soltani, A., Faraji, A. and Mir Davar doost, F., 2009. The effect of planting date on grain filling period on seed vigor canola (Brassica napus). Journal Plant Production Research, 16(1): 1.
Noormohamadi, Gh., Seadat, E. and Kashani, E. 2004. Agriculture Cereal. Fifth Edition. Shahed Chamran University Press. 160-164 p.
Ojala, J. C., Javrell, W.M., Menge, J.A. and Johnson, E.L.V. 1983. Influence of Corrizfung on the mineral nutrition and yield of onion is Saline Soil .Agronomy Journal, 75: 255-259.
Omidi, H., Mahmoudi, M. and Abbasi, N. 2005. Effect of Harvest Date on Grain Losses in Rapeseed Varieties. Second National Conference on Agricultural Waste, Tehran.618- 625.
Pacheco, R.S., Brito, L.F., Straliotto, R., Pérez, D.V. and Araújo, A.P. 2012. Seeds enriched with phosphorus and molybdenum as a strategy for improving grain yield of common bean crop. Field Crops Research, 136: 97–106.
Parihar, G.N. and Singh, R. 1995. Response of psyllium (plantago ovata) to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization. Indian. Journal of Agronomy. 40:529-531.
Pereira, G.J.G., Milina, S.M.G., Lea, P.J. and Azevido, R.A. 2002. Activity of antioxidant enzymes in response to cadmium in crotalaria juncea. Plant and Soil. 239, 123-132.s
Permone, G.H., Ebadi, E., Ghavi Azam, E. and Meri, M. 2012. Effect of Pretreatment of seed germination and seedling growth of camomille (Matricaria chamomilla) in saline conditions. Journal of crop production, 6(3): 541-564.
Pooryosef, M., Mazaheri, D., Chaeechi, M.R., Rahimi, A. and Tavakoli, A. 2010. Soil fertility effect of different treatments on some agro-morphological characteristics and mucilage Psyllium (Plantago ovata Forsk). Electronic Journal of Crop Production, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, 3(2): 193-213.
Rashidi, S. 2010. study of the antioxidant enzyme catalase-peroxidase activity and untreated seeds with different vigor in the early stages of germination. National Conference on Medicinal Plants, Sari, Mazandaran University Jihad Unit Mazandran. http://www.civilica.com/Paper-HERBAL01-HERBAL01_841.html.
Rasti, S., Omidi, H. and Jafarzadeh, L. 2013. The effect of salicylic acid hormone Pierre germination, seedling growth and quantitative and qualitative characteristics of medicinal plants Balangu. (Lallemantia royleana Wall.) The first national congress on medicinal plants. Kish Island.
Raymer, P.L. and Bernard, R.L. 1988b. Response of current midwetern soybean cultivars to late planting. Crop Science, 28: 761-764.
Robertson, M.J., Holland, J.E. and Bambach, R. 2005. Response of canola and Indian mustard to sowing date in the grain belt of north- eastern Australia. Australian Journalof Experimental Agriculture, 44: 43-52.
Sairam, R.K., Veerabhadra Rao, K. and Srivastava, G.C. 2002. Differential response of wheat genotypes to long term salinity stress in relation to oxidative stress, antioxidant activity and osmolyte concentration. Plant Science, 163: 1037-1046.
Sajan, A.S., Pawar, K.N., Dhanaleppagol, M.S. and Briadar, B.D. 2004. Influence of stresstreatment on seed quality of sorghum genotypes. Crop Research. 27: 46-49.
Salisbury, F.B. and Ross, C.W. 1992. Plant physiology. Wad worth publishing company, Belmont, California, USA, 682 p.
Sarmadnia, G.H. and Koocheki, A. 2003. Crop Physiology. Jihad Danshgahi Mashhad Press, Mashhad, Iran. 234 pp. (In Persian).
Sarmadnia, G.H. and Koocheki, A. 2003. Crop Physiology. Jihad Danshgahi Mashhad Press, Mashhad, Iran. 234 pp. (In Persian).
Sasthri, G., Thiagarajan, C.P., Srimathi, P., Malarkodi, K. and Venkatasalam, E.P. 2001. Foliar application of nutrient on the seed yield and quality characters of non-aged and aged seeds of cotton cv MCU5. The Madras Agricultural Journal, 87: 202–206.
Sawan, Z.M., Fahmy, A.H. and Yousef, S.E. 2011. Effect of potassium, zinc and phosphorus on seed yield, seed viability and seedling vigor of cotton (Gossypiumbarbadense L.). Archives of Agronomyand Soil Science, 57: 75–90.
Sawan, Z.M., Gregg, B.R., and Yousef, S.E. 1999. Effect of phosphorus, chelated zinc and calcium on cottonseed yield, viability and seedling vigour. Seed Science and Technology, 27: 329-337.
Sayman, A.E.J. and Van de venter, H.A. 1996. Influence of weed competition on subsequent germination and seed vigour Zea mays. Seed Science and Technology, 25: 59-67.
Schachtman, D.P., Reid, R.J. and Ayling, S.M. 1998. Phosphorus uptake by plants: from soil to cell. Plant Physiol, 116: 447–453.
Sediyama, T., Reis, M.S. and Destro, T. 1981. Soybean seed production in main grain UFV, Vicosa, 61p.
Sershen, A., Perumal, B., Varghese, P., Govender, S., Ramdhani, P. and Berjak B. 2014. Effects of elevated temperatures on germination and subsequent seedling vigour in recalcitrant Trichilia emetica seeds. South African Journal of Botany, 90:153-162.
Seyedi, S.M., Rezvani moghadam, P., Khajeh hosseine, M. and Shahandeh, H. 2015. Improve the physiological aspects of seed Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) in calcareous soils: the role of phosphorus plant seeds under the influence of maternal nutrition. Seed Science and Technology, Iran, 4(1): 27-38.
Soltani, A., Ghorbani, M.H., Galeshi, S. and Zeinali, E. 2004. Salinity effect on germination and vigor of harvest seeds in wheat. Seed Science and Technology, 32: 583-592.
Soltani, A., Zeinali, E., Galeshi, S. and Latifi, N. 2001. Genetic variation for and interrelationships among seed vigor traits in wheat from the Caspian Sea Coast of Iran. Seed Science and Technology, 29: 653-662.
Somjen, D., Knoll, E. and Vaya, J. 2004. Estrogen-like activity of licorice root constituents: glabridin and glabrene, in vascular tissues in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Steroid Biochemical Molcular Biology. 91: 147-155.
Spears, J.F., TeKrony, D.M. and Egli, D.B. 1997. Temperature during seed filling and soybean seed germination and vigour. Seed Science and Technology, 25: 233-244.
Tabatabai, R. and Kashani., E. 1995. Effects of planting date and plant density on soybean in the Khuzestan region. Thesis, martyr Chamran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Agronomy and Plant Breeding.
Tekrony, A.M., Grabau, L.J., Delacy, M. and Kane, M. 1996. Early planting of early-maturing soybean: effects on seed germination and Phomopsis infection. Agronomy Journal, 88: 428-433.
Torani, M., Galeshi, S., Zaenali, A. and Ghadri far. 2014. Effect of different nitrogen nutrition and diet waterlogging stress on the antioxidant activity of soybean (Glycine max L.). Second National Conference on Healthy Environment for Sustainable Agricultural Development, Monday, September 22.
Wallace, S.U. 1986. Yield and seed growth at various canopy locations in a determinate soybean cultivar. Agronomy Journal, 78: 173-178.
White, P.J. and Veneklaas, E.J. 2012. Nature and nurture: the importance of seed phosphorus content. Plant Soil, 357: 1–8.
Ziaian, A. 2003. Use micro element in agriculture, press. Agriculture education emission, Tehran, P. 207.
