طراحی شهری حساس به آب از منظر اجتماعی با بررسی گروداران در جغرافیای شهری و تغییرات جایگاه آن‌ها در گذر زمان؛ مطالعه موردی: حوضه آبریز کن در غرب تهران
الموضوعات :هدی شریفیان 1 , مصطفی بهزادفر 2 , محسن فیضی 3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری شهر سازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت، تهران،ایران
2 - استاد، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی؛ دانشگاه علم و صنعت، تهران، ایران
3 - استاد دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ، تهران،ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: گروداران نهادی, تحلیل گروداران, تحلیل شبکه اجتماعی, طراحی شهری حساس به آب, حل تعارض,
ملخص المقالة :
توسعه شهری و افت تراز آب زیرزمینی متقابلاً تهدیدکننده یکدیگر هستند. هدف پژوهش، شناسایی جایگاه گروداران مدیریت منابع آب و توسعه شهری از منظر اجتماعی و نقش طراحی شهری حساس به آب ، در حل تعارض‌های بین‌نهادی است. نظر به فرونشست جنوب غرب تهران (سالانه حدود 25 سانتیمتر) ناشی از افت کمی آب زیرزمینی، محدوده شهری حوضه آبریز کن مورد پژوهش قرار گرفت. جامعه آماری شامل تمام گروداران نهادی توسعه‌ای و حفاظتی مؤثر در مدیریت شهری و آب زیرزمینی در این حوضه است و با روش نمونه‌گیری غیر احتمالی گلوله برفی (نمایی با تمیز)، 10 گرودار نهادی کلیدی مؤثر شناسایی شد. با روش تحلیل گروداران و با پرسشنامه و مقیاس لیکرت (5-1)، جایگاه گروداران و با روش تحلیل شبکه اجتماعی در نرم‌افزار Gephi، نوع و شدت روابط بین‌نهادی برآورد شد. در این پژوهش بازتعریف طراحی شهری حساس به آب از منظر اجتماعی به‌عنوان ابزار حل اختلاف، اولین بار مطرح گردید. طبق نتایج تحلیل گروداران، پارامترهای قدرت و تمایل دو گرودار حفاظتی آب منطقه‌ای (4.026 و 4.28) و توسعه‌ای شهرداری (3.42 و 3.78)، بالاتر بوده و نزدیکی این دو نهاد با مطلوبیت‌های متفاوت، بیانگر زمینه تعارض بالقوه است. نتایج تحلیل شبکه اجتماعی نشان داد در شبکه همکاری، بیشترین و کمترین درجه را به ترتیب نهادهای آب و فاضلاب و شهرداری دارند که بیانگر تعامل کم نهادهای توسعه‌ای، به‌ویژه شهرداری است. در شبکه تعارض نیز نهادهای آب منطقه‌ای و شهرداری بیشترین درجه را دارند.
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