تاملی بر سیاست کیفری جمهوری اسلامی ایران نسبت به جرائم زیست محیطی در پرتو آموزه های فقه امامیه
الموضوعات :
محمد حاجی قاسمی اردبیلی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری گروه حقوق، واحد سمنان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سمنان، ایران)
علیرضا میلانی
2
(استادیار گروه حقوق، ،واحد اسلامشهر ،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، اسلامشهر، ایران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: فقه امامیه, محیط زیست, قاعده لاضرر, جرم انگاری, ضمانت اجرای کیفری,
ملخص المقالة :
قواعد اسلامی به عنوان یکی از مبانی اصلی حقوق ایران نقش نقش انکار ناپذیری در شاکله ی نظام حقوقی کشور دارد. حفظ و استفاده ی بهینه و مشروع از محیط زیست از نظر اسلام جزء حقوق اساسی افراد است که صیانت از آن هم بر عهده حاکم وهم بر عهده اهمه ی آحاد جامعه است. بر همین اساس در این مقاله با استفاده از روش تحلیلی- توصیفی تلاش شده است ضمن تعیین رویکرد فقه نسبت به جرایم زیست محیطی وهمچنین رویکرد نظام کیفری کشور در واکنش به این جرایم نقاط ضعف و قوت هر دو حوزه فقهی و حقوقی، بیان راهکارهایی برای بهبود و اصلاح آن ارائه شود. با توجه به گستردگی سرزمینی ایران و تنوع اقلیم و تنوع محور ها و موضوعات زیست محیطی و با توجه به عدم کفایت و عدم کارایی قوانین موجود در عرصه داخلی نیازمند اقدام عاجل مقنن در این حوزه می باشیم زیرا تخریب محیط زیست از موانع توسعه پایدار در کشورهای در حال توسعه است. جرم انگاری افتراقی جرایم زیست محیطی و پیش بینی کنش های غیر کیفری و واکنش های کیفری در کنار هم می تواند در برخورد و پیشگیری از جرایم زیست محیطی و در راه رسیدن به اهداف قوانین کیفری مفید واقع شوند.
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