Effects of Dietary Protein and Energy Levels on Productive and Reproductive Performance of Lactating Buffaloes
الموضوعات :H.M.A. Gaafar 1 , E.M. Abdel-Raouf 2 , M.M. Bendary 3 , G.H.A. Ghanem 4 , K.F.A. El-Riedy 5
1 - Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
2 - Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
3 - Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
4 - Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
5 - Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
الکلمات المفتاحية: feed conversion, economic efficiency, milk yield and composition, reproductive traits,
ملخص المقالة :
Twenty eight lactating buffaloes were used in a completely randomized design with 2×2 factorial arrangement of four experimental diets including low protein–low energy (LP-LE), low protein–high energy (LP-HE), high protein–low energy (HP-LE) and high protein–high energy (HP-HE). Results showed that the HP-HE diet recorded the highest digestibility coefficients of CP, EE, NFE, nutritive values, TDN and DCP intake, while HP-LE diet had the highest CF digestibility (P<0.05). The HP-HE diet had the highest (P<0.05) actual milk and 7% FCM yield and the contents of protein, lactose, SNF and TS in milk, HP-LE diet had the highest fat content (P<0.05). The HP-HE diet showed the lowest amounts of DM and TDN per kg, 7% FCM, while LP-HE diet had the lowest amount of DCP per kg 7% FCM (P<0.05). The LP-HE diet recorded the lowest average daily feed cost, while HP-HE diet showed the lowest feed cost/kg 7% FCM and the highest total revenue and economic efficiency (P<0.05). Buffaloes fed HP-HE diet showed short periods from parturition to first estrus and first service, service period, days open, the lowest number of services per conception and the highest conception rate (P<0.05).
AOAC. (1995). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th Ed. WashingtonDC, USA.
Broderick G.A. (2003). Effects of varying dietary protein and energy levels on the production of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 86, 1370-1381.
ButlerW.R. (2003). Negative energy balance may delay subsequent ovulation. Feedstuffs. 75, 10-13.
Cadorniga C.P. and Satter L.D. (1993). Protein versus energy supplementation of high alfalfa silage diets for early lactation cows. J. Dairy Sci. 76, 1972-1980.
Chapa A.M., McCormick M.E., Fernandez J.M., French D.D., Ward J.D. and Beatty J.F. (2001). Supplemental dietary protein for grazing dairy cows: reproduction, condition loss, plasma metabolites, and insulin. J. Dairy Sci. 84, 908-916.
Ekinci C. and Broderick G.A. (1997). Effect of processing high moisture ear corn on ruminal fermentation and milk yield. J. Dairy Sci. 80, 3298-3307.
El-Ashry M.A., Khattab H.M., Etman K.E.I. and Sayed S.K. (2003). Effect of two different energy and protein levels on productive and reproductive performances of lactating buffaloes. Egypt. J. Nutr and Feed. 6 (Special Issue), 491-503.
Kane K.K., Hawkins D.E., Pulsipher G.D., Denniston D.J., Krehbiel C.R., Thomas M.G., Petersen M.K., Hallford M.D., Remmenga M.D., Roberts A.J. and Keisler D.H. (2004). Effect of increasing levels of undegradable intake protein on metabolic and endocrine factors in estrous cycling beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 82, 283-291.
Kebreab E., Castillo A.R., Beever D.E., Humphries D.J. and FranceJ. (2000). Effects of management practices prior to and during ensiling and concentrate type on nitrogen utilisation in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 83, 1274–1285.
Law R.A., Young F.J., Patterson D.C., Kilpatrick D.J., Wylie A.R.G. and Mayne C.S.(2009). Effect of dietaryprotein content on the fertility of dairy cows during early and mid lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 92, 2737-2746.
Mathis C.P., Cochran R.C., Stokka G.L., Heldt J.S., Woods B.C. and Olson K.C. (1999). Impacts of increasing amounts of supplemental soybean meal on intake and digestion by beef steers and performance by beef cows consuming low-quality tallgrass-prairie forage. J. Anim. Sci. 77, 3156-3162.
NRC. (2001). Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 7th rev. Ed.National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
Oliveira J.S., Huber J.T., Ben-Ghedalia D., Swingle R.S., Theurer C.B. and Pessarakali M. (1993). Influence of sorghum grain processing on performance of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 76, 575-581.
Raafat M.A. and SalehM.E.(1962). Efficiency of feed utilization with buffaloes and dairy cattle. Proceedings of the Sec. Anim. Prod. Conf. (March 3-10), 1962. Cairo, Egypt.
Rotz C.A., Satter L.D., Mertens D.R. and Muck D.E. (1999). Feeding strategy, nitrogen cycling, and profitability of dairy farms. J. Dairy Sci. 82, 2841-2855.
SPSS. (2008). Statistical Package for the social sciences. Release 16, SPSS INC, Chicago, USA.
Valadares Filho S.C., G.A. Broderick G.A., Valadares R.F.D. and Clayton M.K. (2000). Effect of replacing alfalfa silage with high moisture corn on nutrient utilization and milk production. J. Dairy Sci. 83, 106-114.
Van Keulen J. and P.A. Young (1977). Evaluation of acid insoluble ash as a natural marker in ruminant digestibility studies. J. Anim. Sci. 44, 282-287.
Varel V.H., Nienaber J.A. and Freetly H.C. (1999). Conservation of nitrogen in cattle feedlot waste with urease inhibitors. J. Anim. Sci. 77, 1162-1168.
Weimer P.J. (1992). Cellulose degradation by ruminal microorganisms. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 12, 189-223.
Wilkerson V.A., Mertens D.R. and Casper D.P. (1997). Prediction of excretion of manure and nitrogen by Holstein dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 80, 3193-3204.
