Effect of Replacing Bone Ash with Eggshell Meal on Nutrient Digestibility and Blood Parameters of Broiler Chickens
الموضوعات :
S.E. Alu
1
(Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, P.M.B. 135, Shabu, Lafia Campus, Nasarawa State, Nigeria)
الکلمات المفتاحية: Broiler, blood parameters, bone ash, eggshell meal, nutrient digestibility,
ملخص المقالة :
One hundred and eighty 28-days-old Arbor Acres broiler birds were utilized in a 28 day experiment to investigate the effect of replacing bone ash with eggshell meal in the diet of broiler birds on their nutrient digestibility and blood parameters. Five experimental diets tagged T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 were formulated to be isocaloric (2865.53 kcal ME/kg) and isonitrogenous (20% crude protein) such that eggshell meal replaced bone ash at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% for treatments T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. The birds were randomly assigned to the five dietary treatments and replicated twice giving a total of eighteen birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. The study showed that the haematological parameters were not affected (P>0.05) by the treatments except for Corpuscular Haemoglobin which were best (P<0.05) at T5 (47.95 pg) and T3 (45.60 pg) and followed by those fed T1 (42.85 pg), T2 (42.20 pg) and T4 (43.40 pg). Similarly, values obtained for Mean Corpuscular Volume were improved (P<0.05) in birds fed T5 (148.45 fl) followed by those fed T3 (142.95 fl) and T4 (140.45 fl). Serum urea, glucose, triglyceride and total protein were not (P>0.05) influenced by the treatments. Ten 28-days old birds with similar live body weight were paired and randomly assigned to five dietary treatments tagged T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 which were compounded to contain the same composition as those used in the blood studies. The birds were housed in cages and fed such that each group passed through the five treatments by rotation in a Latin Square Design arrangement. Feed and faecal samples were taken for proximate analysis. The results of the proximate analysis of the oven-dried faeces were used to compute the coefficient of digestibility of the nutrients. The results obtained showed that digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, ash and nitrogen-free extract were not affected (P>0.05) by the treatments. It is therefore, recommended that since there was no deleterious and adverse effect of including eggshell meal in the diets on the blood parameters and digestibility of the nutrients, farmers can use eggshell meal as a major source of dietary calcium in broiler’ diets.
Adewoye R.O. (1982).Utilization of bye-products of the beef industry Pp. 165-175 in Beef Production, M. Mickan. Kaduna, Nigeria Vienna. FAO/IAEA.
Aduku A.O. and Olukosi J.O. (2000). Nigerian egg industry, egg composition and market quality of eggs. Pp. 101-103 in Animal Products, Processing and Handling in the Tropics. Living Books Series, GU publication.
Alu S.E., Ruma R.S.U., Umbugadu A.A., Adua M.M. and Makinde O.J. (2009). The effects of different dietary fibre sources on the haematological parameters and serum biochemical variables of growing rabbits. Pp. 274-276 in Proc. 4th Annual Conf. Anim. Sci. Assoc. Nigeria.Ladoke Akintola Univ. Technol., Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Ameen S.A., Adadeji O.S., Akingbade A.A., Olayemi T.B. and Aderinola O.A. (2007). The effect of different feeding regimes on haematological parameters and immune status of commercial broilers in derived savannah zone in Nigeria. Pp. 176-178 in Proc. 32nd Annual Conf. Nigerian Soci. Anim. Prod. (NSAP). University of Calabar, Nigeria.
AOAC. (1990). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 15th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA.
Borges G.H. (1993). Physical environment and production in domesticated birds. Pp. 2-9 in Proc. W.P.C.
Bush B.M. (1975).Veterinary Laboratory Manual, Heinemen medical Book Limited London, UK.
Church D.C. and Pond W.G. (1989). Plant fiber as energy source. Pp. 116-117 in Basic Animal Nutrition and Feeding. 3rd Ed. John Willey and Sons Inc. New York.
Emmanuel S.S. (2008). Effect of replacing bone ash with rock phosphate on the nutrient digestibility by broiler finishing birds. B. Agric. (Animal Production) Project, University of Agriculture, Makurdi.
Iheukwumere F.I. and Emenalon O.O. (2004). Effect of early protein and energy restriction of large Turkey toms fed high fat or low fat realimentation diet. J. Poult. Sci. 69, 974- 981.
Jain N.C. (1986). Scanning electron micrograph of blood cell. Pp. 63-70 in Schalm’s Veterinary Haematology, D.J. Weiss and K.J. Wardrop Eds. John Willey and Sons Inc. New York.
Kelly W.R. (1979). Veterinary Clinical Diagnosis. 2nd Ed. Bailliere Tindall publishers. London.
Margi S. (1997).Veterinary Clinical Laboratory Procedures.Mosby Publishing Excellence, USA.
McDonald P., Edward F. and Greenhalgh J.F.D. (1992). Animal Nutrition. 4th Ed. John Willey and Sons. Inc. New York.
Mitruka B.M. and Rawnsley H.M. (1977).Clinical Biochemical and Haematological Reference Value in Normal Experimental Animals. Masson Publishers Inc. NY. USA.
NRC (1979).Nutrient Requirement of Broilers. Natl. Acad. Sci. US.
Oluyemi J.N. and Robert F.A. (2000).Poultry production in warm wet climate. Macmillan Publishers Ltd., London.
Pauzenga U. (1985). Feeding parent stock. Zootec. Int. 22, 22-24.
Schalm O.W., Jain N.C. and Corroll E.J. (1975). Veterinary Haematology. 3rd Ed. Lea and Febiger Philadelphia, USA.
Steel R.G. and Torrie J.H. (1980).Principles and Procedures of Statistics. McGraw Hil Book Co. New York.
Tumova E., Skrivanova V., Zita L., Skrivan M. and Fucikova A. (2004). The effect of restriction on digestibility of nutrient, organ growth and blood picture in broiler and rabbit. Pp. 1008-1014 in Proc. 8th World Rabbit. Cong. Puebla. Mexico, WRSA.
