Milk Yield and Composition of Red Sokoto and Weast African Dwarf Does Raised Intensively in a Hot Humid Environment
الموضوعات :
F.O. Ahamefule
1
(College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike Abia State, Nigeria)
O. Odilinye
2
(College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike Abia State, Nigeria)
E.N. Nwachukwu
3
(College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike Abia State, Nigeria)
الکلمات المفتاحية: milk composition, milk yield, macrominerals, Red Sokoto, West African Dwarf,
ملخص المقالة :
Six Red Sokoto (RS) and West African Dwarf (WAD) does, raised intensively in livestock farm of Michael Okpara University were evaluated for milk yield and composition in a ten-week study. The animals in their first parity were fed cut-and-carry forages in a cafeteria arrangement between 07:00-08:00 h daily and also were allowed access to concentrate supplementation by 14:00 h. The forage consisted of a sward of Panicum maximum, Centrosema pubescens, Calapogonium mucunoides, Emilia sanchifolis, Tridax procumbens and Urenia lobata while the supplement was a 14.8% CP concentrate ration formulated from wheat, soya bean meal, maize offals, palm kernel cake. Drinking water was provided ad libitum. The does were hand milked daily from 6-8 am prior to feeding and yield determined for each group. Milk samples were bulked per animal per week and analyzed for total solids (TS), butterfat (BF), crude protein (CP), solids-not-fat (SNF) and total ash. Lactose was, however, determined daily from fresh milk samples and data obtained was analyzed using T-test. Results showed that lactose, CP and ash were not influenced (P>0.05) by species; however, butterfat, TS, SNF and milk yield differed significantly (P<0.05) between the small ruminant breeds. RS had relatively higher BF (4.81%) in milk than WAD goat (4.72%), but TS and SNF concentrations (%) were lower in the milk of RS (12.82, 8.22, respectively) than WAD (13.16, 8.59, respectively) goat. Macrominerals content of milk (calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium and phosphorus) were also affected (P<0.05) by species. Calcium, magnesium and sodium concentrations (%) in milk were significantly higher (P<0.05) for RS (0.15, 0.11, 0.11, respectively) than WAD (0.12, 0.09, 0.09, respectively) goat; phosphorus and potassium levels in milk were, however, higher (P<0.05) in WAD (0.14, 0.11, respectively) than RS (0.13, 0.09, respectively) goat. Lactation performance for WAD and RS goats in the current investigation were relatively low when compared with existing records. Differences in yield and milk composition within and between species in this study, relative to earlier reports, were attributed to genetic make up, management and environmental factors.
Ahamefule F.O., Ibeawuchi J.A. and Okonkwo C.I. (2004). Comparative evaluation of the colostrums and milk of the West African Dwarf sheep in a humid tropical environment. Nigerian Agric. J. 35, 118-126.
Ahamefule F.O. and Ibeawuchi J.A. (2005). Milk yield and composition of West African Dwarf (WAD) does fed pigeon pea-cassava peel based diets. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 4(12), 991-999.
Ahamefule F.O., Ibeawuchi J.A. and Ejiofor C.A. (2003). A comparative study of the constituents of cattle, sheep and goat milk in a hot humid environment. Disc. Innov. 15(1/2), 64-68.
Ahamefule F.O.,Ibeawuchi J.A. and Nwachinemere G.C. (2007). Comparative evaluation of milk yield and compositions of West African Dwarf goats raised in the village and university environment. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 6(6), 802-806.
Akinmutimi A.H. (2004). Evaluation of sword bean (Canavalia gladiata) as an alternative feed resource for broiler chickens. Ph. D Thesis. MichaelOkpara Universityof Agriculture, Umudike.
Akinsoyinu A.O. (1974). Studies on protein and energy utilization by WAD goats . Ph. D Thesis. University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Akinsoyinu A.O., Tewe O.O., Ngere L.O. and Mba A.U. (1981). Milk composition and yield of Red Sokoto (Maradi) goats. Trop. Anim. Prod. 6,186-187.
Akpa G.N. (1999). Evaluation of dairy characteristics and lactation curves of small holder Red Sokoto (Maradi) goats. Ph. D. Thesis. AhmaduBello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Akpa G.N., Asiribo O.E., Oni O.O., Alawa J.P., Dim N.I., Osinowo O.A. and Abubakar B.Y. (2002). Milk production by agro pastoral Red Sokoto goats in Nigeria. Trop. Anim. Health. Prod. 34, 525-533.
Akpa G.N., Osuhor C.U., Olugbemi T.S. and Nwani P.I. (2003). Milk flow rate and milking frequency in Red Sokoto goats. PakistanJ. Nutr. 2(3), 192-195.
Alawa J.P. and Oji U.I. (2008). Effect of pendulous udder enlargement on yield of Red Sokoto goats. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 7, 870-87.
AOAC. (1980). Official Methods of Analysis. 13th Ed., Association of Official Analytical Chemist. D.C. Washinton.
AOAC. (1990). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol.I. 15th Ed., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, Virginia.
El-Hassan K., El-Abid. and Abu Nikhalia A.M.A. (2009). A study on some non-genetic factors and their impact on some reproductive traits of Sudanese Nubian goats. Int. J. Dairy Sci. 4, 152-158.
Erdman R.A. and Verna R.A. (1995). Fixed yield responses to increasing milking frequency. J. Dairy Sci. 78, 1198-1203.
Ibeawuchi J.A. (1985). A study on variation of some milk constituents of Friesian cows at Vom. Nigerian J. Anim. Prod. Res. 5(2), 113-124.
Ibeawuchi J.A. and Dangut A.J. (1996). Influence of stage of lactation on milk constituents of Bunaji (Zebu) cattle in a hot-humid tropical environment. Disc. Innov. 8(3), 249-256.
Ibeawuchi J.A. Chindo L. and Ahamefule F.O. (2000). Milk production characteristics of imported Holstein-Friesian cattle maintained in a tropical high altitude environment. J. Sust. Agric. Envt. 2, 14-19.
Ibeawuchi J.A., Ahamefule F.O. and Ringim I.A. (2003). The influence of lactation stage on the milk constituents of Sahelian goats. Nigerian J. Anim. Prod. 30(2), 259-264.
Jennes P. (1980). Composition and characteristics of goat milk. Review 1968-1979. J. Dairy sci. 63, 1605-1630.
Marrier J. and Boulet M. (1959). Direct analysis of lactose in milk and serum. J. Dairy Sci. 42, 1390-1391.
Mba A.U., Boyo S.S. and Oyenuga V.A. (1975). Studies on the milk composition of West African Dwarf, Red Sokoto and Saanen goats at different stages of lactation. J. Dairy Res. 42, 217-226.
Midau A., Kibon A., Morumpa S.M. and Augustine C. (2010). Influence of season on milk yield and milk composition of Red Sokoto goats in Mubi area of Adamawa state, Nigeria. J. Dairy Sci. 5, 135-141.
Okereke S.N. (2003). Intake and digestibility of cassava peel- brewers grain diets supplemented with papaya leaf meal by WAD goats. PGD Project Report. College of Animal Science and Animal Production, MichaelOkpara Universityof Agriculture, Umudike.
Schmidt G.H. (1971). Biology of Lactation. W. H. Freeman and Co. San Francisco.
