Estimation of the Carbon Footprint in Dairy Sheep Farm
الموضوعات :
A. Ceyhan
1
(Department of Animal Production and Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey)
E. Akyol
2
(Department of Animal Production and Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey)
A. Ünalan
3
(Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey)
S. Çınar
4
(Department of Animal Production and Technologies, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey)
W. Ali
5
(Department of Animal Production and Technologies, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey)
الکلمات المفتاحية: Sustainability, Greenhouse gas, carbon footprint, dairy sheep,
ملخص المقالة :
By 2050, the earth’s population is expected to be more than 9 billion. The need for secure food and water supply will force agriculture to increase production. The major greenhouse gases (GHGs) from the livestock sector are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) throughout the production process. These gases are the key contributor to an increasing earth’s surface temperature. Global warming occurs as a result of gases emitted by humans into the atmosphere, creating a greenhouse effect. The livestock sector contributes between 25 and 40% of anthropogenic methane emissions. Human-derived animal production contributes to global warming by producing 9% of CO2 emissions, 35-40% of CH4, and 65% of N2O gas emissions. Carbon footprint is a measure of the damage that human activities cause to the environment in terms of the amount of GHGs produced as a unit of CO2. The most common method used in carbon footprint calculations is the Tier 1-2-3 approach developed by the intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC). In this study, the carbon footprint of a dairy sheep farm in Niğde province was calculated using Tier 1 method to determine global warming potential. The carbon footprint of this farm from both sources like N20 and CH4 was 85535.2 CO2eq year-1. The estimation of GHGs is very obligatory to evaluate global warming stress and avoidance from some fatal diseases.
Aluwong T., Wuyep P. and Allam L. (2011). Livestock-environment interactions: Methane emissions from ruminants. African J. Biotechnol. 10, 1265-1269.
Batalla I., Knudsen M.T., Mogensen L., del Hierro Ó., Pinto M. and Hermansen J.E. (2015). Carbon footprint of milk from sheep farming systems in northern Spain including soil carbon sequestration in grasslands. J. Clean. Prod. 104, 121-129.
Bernués A., Rodríguez Ortega T., Olaizola Tolosana A. and Ripoll Bosch R. (2017). Evaluating ecosystem services and disservices of livestock agroecosystems for targeted policy design and management. Grassland Sci. Europe. 22, 259-26.
Ersoy A.E. (2017). The status of GHGS emissions and the potential of biogas energy from livestock manure in Turkey. MS Thesis. Hacettepe Univ., Ankara, Turkey.
Galli A. (2015) On the rationale and policy usefulness of ecological footprint accounting: The case of Morocco. Environ. Sci. Policy. 48, 210-224.
Gerber P., Opio C., Vellinga T., Falcucci A., Tempio G., Gianni G., Henderson B., MacLeod M., Makkar H. and Mottet A. (2013a). Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ruminant Supply Chains–a Global Life Cycle Assessment. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Rome, Italy.
Gerber P.J., Steinfeld H., Henderson B., Mottet A., Opio C., Dijkman J., Falcucci A. and Tempio G. (2013b). Tackling climate change through livestock: A global assessment of emissions and mitigation opportunities. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Rome, Italy.
Görgülü M., Darcan N. and Göncü S. (2009). Livestock and global warming. Pp. 1-30. in Proc. Natl. Anim. Nutr. Congr., Çorlu, Turkey.
Gutiérrez-Peña R., Mena Y., Batalla I. and Mancilla-Leytón J.M. (2019). Carbon footprint of dairy goat production systems: A comparison of three contrasting grazing levels in the Sierra de Grazalema Natural Park (Southern Spain). J. Environ. Manage. 232, 993-998.
Hadjigeorgiou I., Osoro K., De Almeida J.F. and Molle G. (2005). Southern European grazing lands: Production, environmental and landscape management aspects. Livest. Prod. Sci. 96, 51-59.
Havlík P., Valin H., Herrero M., Obersteiner M., Schmid E., Rufino M.C., Mosnier A., Thornton P.K., Böttcher H. and Conant R.T. (2014). Climate change mitigation through livestock system transitions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 111, 3709-3714.
Herrero M., Havlík P., Valin H., Notenbaert A., Rufino M.C., Thornton P.K., Blümmel M., Weiss F., Grace D. and Obersteiner M. (2013). Biomass use, production, feed efficiencies, and greenhouse gas emissions from global livestock systems. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 110, 20888-20893.
Ibidhi R., Hoekstra A.Y., Gerbens-Leenes P.W. and Chouchane H. (2017). Water, land and carbon footprints of sheep and chicken meat produced in Tunisia under different farming systems. Ecol. Indic. 77, 304-313.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2006). 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Organization United Nations Environment Program, Geneva, Switzerland.
Luo T., Yue Q., Yan M., Cheng K. and Pan G. (2015). Carbon footprint of China's livestock system–a case study of farm survey in Sichuan province, China. J. Clean. Prod. 102, 136-143.
Marino R., Atzori A., D'Andrea M., Iovane G., Trabalza-Marinucci M. and Rinaldi L. (2016). Climate change: Production performance, health issues, greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation strategies in sheep and goat farming. Small Rumin. Res. 135, 50-59.
Patra A.K. (2012). Enteric methane mitigation technologies for ruminant livestock: A synthesis of current research and future directions. Environ. Monit. Assess. 184, 1929-1952.
Patra A. and Saxena J. (2009). The effect and mode of action of saponins on the microbial populations and fermentation in the rumen and ruminant production. Nutr. Res. Rev. 22, 204-219.
Robertson K., Symes W. and Garnham M. (2015). Carbon footprint of dairy goat milk production in New Zealand. J. Dairy Sci. 98, 4279-4293.
Röös E., Sundberg C. and Hansson P.A. (2011). Uncertainties in the carbon footprint of refined wheat products: a case study on Swedish pasta. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 16, 338-345.
Soussana J.F., Tallec T. and Blanfort V. (2010). Mitigating the greenhouse gas balance of ruminant production systems through carbon sequestration in grasslands. Animal. 4, 334-350.
Tauseef S., Premalatha M., Abbasi T. and Abbasi S. (2013). Methane capture from livestock manure. J. Environ. Manage. 117, 187-207.
Yalcin B. (1986). Sheep and goats in Turkey. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Rome, Italy.
Zygoyiannis D. (2006). Sheep production in the world and in Greece. Small Rumin. Res. 62, 143-147.
