Effects of Encapsulated Nano- and Microparticles of Peppermint (Mentha piperita) Alcoholic Extract on the Growth Performance, Blood Parameters and Immune Function of Broilers under Heat Stress Condition
الموضوعات :
ث. یارمحمدی بربرستانی
1
(Department of Animal and Poultry Physiology, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran)
ف. صمدی
2
(Department of Animal and Poultry Physiology, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran)
س. حسنی
3
(Department of Animal and Poultry Physiology, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran)
ق. اسدی
4
(Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran)
الکلمات المفتاحية: heat stress, broilers, encapsulated nano- and microparticles, peppermint extract,
ملخص المقالة :
This study was aimed to investigate the effects of encapsulated nano- and microparticles of peppermint (Mentha piperita) extract on the growth performance, blood parameters and immune system of broilers under heat stress conditions. In total, 320 one-day-old broilers (Ross, 308) were assigned into 4 experimental treatments: the control, peppermint alcoholic extract (PE, 200 ppm/kg body weight (BW)), encapsulated nanoparticles of peppermint alcoholic extract (ENPE, 200 ppm/kg BW), and encapsulated microparticles of peppermint alcoholic extract (EMPE, 200 ppm/kg BW). Each treatment consisted of 4 replicates with 20 chicks. Results showed PE, ENPE and EMPE treatments significantly improved feed conversion ratio (FCR). The birds administered by PE, ENPE and EMPE had significantly higher blood serum, total protein, albumin and globulin. Administration of PE, ENPE and EMPE resulted in lower total cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), LDL:HDL ratio and triglyceride, and higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The birds treated by peppermint had higher bursa relative weight, in particular, in those that received ENPE and EMPE than control. Treated birds with PE, ENPE and EMPE showed significantly lower H:L ratio. The serum antibody titers against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were significantly higher in birds administrated by PE, ENPE and EMPE. Birds receiving ENPE and EMPE treatments had significantly higher titers of IgG for primary and secondary responses than that of those receiving the other treatments. In general, this study indicated that encapsulated nano- and microparticles of peppermint alcoholic extract have potential to improve the immunity and growth performance of broilers under heat stress conditions.
Akbari M. and Torki M. (2014). Effects of dietary chromium picolinate and peppermint essential oil on growth performance and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chicks reared under heat stress conditions. Int. J. Biometeorol. 58, 1383-1391.
Al-Kassi G.A. and Witwit N.M. (2010). A comparative study on diet supplementation with a mixture of herbal plants and dandelion as a source of probiotics on the performance of broilers. Pakistan J. Nutr. 9, 67-71.
Awaad M.H.H., Abdel-Alim G.A., Sayed Kawkab K.S.S., Ahmed A., Nada A.A., Metwalli A.S.Z. and Alkhalaf A.N. (2010). Immunostimulant effects of essential oils of peppermint and eucalyptus in chickens. Pakistan Vet. J. 30, 61-62.
Bendich A. (1993). Physiological role of antioxidants in the immune system. J. Dairy. Sci. 76, 2789-2794.
Boukra C., Achouri M., Idrissi H.L.M. and Hamamovchi M. (2005). Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils of seven Movoccan Labiatae against Botrytis cinerea. J. Ethnopharmacol. 89, 165-169.
Cheema M.A., Qureshi M.A. and Havenstein G.B. (2003). A Comparison of the immune response of a 2001 commercial broiler with a 1957 random bred broiler strain when fed representative 1957 and 2001 broiler diets. Poult. Sci. 9, 1591-1529.
Cohen J.J. (1972). Thymus-derived lymphocytes sequestered in the bone marrow of hydrocortisone-treated mice. J. Immunol. 108, 841-844.
Efati M., Samadi F., Dastar B., Azari M.A. and Hadhemi S.R. (2013). Effects of different levels of artichoke (Cynara scolymus) on growth performance and immune responses of broilers under heat stress. Iranian J. Appl. Anim. Sci.4, 399-403.
El-Dakhakhny M., Mady N.I. and Halim M.A. (2000). Nigella sativa oil protects against induced hepatotoxicity and improves serum lipid profile in rats. Arznei. Forschung. Drug. Res. 50, 832-836.
Escop. (2003). European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy (ESCOP) Monographs. The Scientific Foundation for Medicinal Products, Thieme, United Kingdom.
Fallah R., Kiani A. and Azarfar A. (2013). Effect of artichoke leaves meal and menthe extract (Mentha piperita) on immune cells and blood biochemical parameters of broilers. Global. Vet. 10, 99-102.
Fukushima M. and Nakano M. (1996). Effects of a mixture of organisms, Lactobacillus acidophilus or Streptococcus faecalis on cholesterol metabolism in rats fed on a fat and cholesterol- enriched diet. Br. J. Nutr. 76, 857-867.
Geraert P.A., Guillaumin S. and Leclercq B. (1993). Are genetically lean broilers more resistant to hot climate? Br. Poult. Sci. 34, 643-653.
Ghasemi-Pirbaluti M., Mostaghi E. and Bozorgi H. (2017). The effect of menthol on acute experimental colitis in rats. European J. Pharmacol. 805, 101-107.
Gouin S. (2004). Microencapsulation industrial appraisal of existing technologies and trends. Trends. Food Sci. Technol. 15, 330-347.
Gross W.B. and Siegel H.S. (1983). Evaluation of the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio as a measure of stress in chickens. Avian Dis. 27, 972-979.
Guo F.C., Savelkoul H.F.J., Kwakkel R.P., Williams B.A. and Verstegen M.W.A. (2000). Immunoactive, medicinal properties of mushroom and herb polysaccharides and their potential use in chicken diets. World’s Poult. Sci. 59, 427-440.
Hafeez A., Manner K., Schieder C. and Zentek J. (2015). Effect of supplementation of phytogenic feed additives (powdered vs. encapsulated) on performance and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci . 95(3), 622-629.
Helander I.M., Alakomi H., Latva-Kala K., Mattila-Sandholm T., Pol I., Smid E.J., Gorris L.G.M. and Von Wright A. (1998). Characterization of the action of selected essentialoil components on gram-negative bacteria. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 46, 3590-3595.
Jain S., Jain D.K. and Balekar N. (2012). In vivo antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Menthapulegium leaf against CCl4 induced toxicity in rat. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 2, 737-740.
Jamroz D., Or da J., Kamel C., Wiliczkiewicz A., Wertelecki T. and Skorupinska J. (2003). The influence of phytogenic extracts on performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, and gut microbial status in broiler chickens. J. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 12, 583-596.
Jang I.S., Ko Y.H., Yang H.Y., Ha J.S., Kim J.Y., Kim J.Y., Kang S.Y., Yoo D.H., Nam D.S., Kim D.H. and Lee C.Y. (2004). Influence of essential oil components on growth performance and the functional activity of the pancreas and small intestine in broiler chickens. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 17, 394-400.
Khan T.H. and Sultana S. (2009). Antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of Aeglemarmelos Correa against CCl4 induced oxidative stress and early tumor events. J. Enzyme Inhibit. Med. Chem. 24, 320-327.
Khodadust M.R., Samadi F., Ganji F., Jafari Ahangarani Y. and Asadi G.A. (2015). Effects of peppermint (Mentha piperita) alcoholic extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in broiler chickens under heat stress condition. Poult. Sci. J. 3, 1-16.
Knekt P., Kumpulainen J., Järvinen R., Rissanen H., Heliövaara M., Reunanen A., Hakulinen T. and Aromaa A. (2002). Flavonoid intake and risk of chronic diseases. American J. Clin. Nutr. 76, 560-568.
Kosaraju S.L., Dath L. and Lawrence A. (2006). Preparation and characterisation of chitosan microspheres for antioxidant delivery. Carbohyd. Polym. 64, 163-167.
Krishna Sailaja A., Amareshwar P. and Chakravarty P. (2011). Different techniques used for the preparation of nanoparticles using natural polymers and their application. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 3, 45-50.
Lee K.W., Everts H., Kappert H.J., Frehner M., Losa R. and Beynen A.C. (2003). Effects of dietary essential oil components on growth performance, digestive enzymes and lipid metabolism in female broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 44, 450-457.
Liang R., Xu S., Shoemaker C., Li Y., Zhong F. and Hung Q. (2012). Physical and antimicrobial properties of peppermint oil nanoemulsions. J. Agric. Food Chem. 60, 7548-7555.
Lovkova M.Y., Buzuk G.N., Sokolova S.M. and Kliment’eva N.I. (2001). Chemical features of medicinal plants (Review). Appl. Biochem. Microbiol. 37, 229-237.
Madrid J., Herandez F., Garcia V., Orengo J., Megias M.D. and Sevilla V. (2003). Effects of plant extracts on ileal apparent digestibility and carcass yield in broilers at level of farm. Pp. 187-188 in Proc. 14th European Symp. Poult. Nutr. Lillehammer, Norway.
Majeed H., Bian Y., Ali B., Jamil A., Majeed U., Farid Khan Q., Lqbalk H.J., Shoemaker C.F. and Zhong F. (2015). Essential oil encapsulations: uses, procedures, and trends. J. Chem. Soci. 5, 58449-58463.
Mansoub N.H. (2011). The evaluation of different levels of Menthe pulagum on performance, and blood parameters of broilers. J. American Sci. 7, 388-391.
Martin L.B., Weil Z.M. and Nelson R.J. (2006). Refining approaches and diversifying directions in ecoimmunology. Integr. Comp. Biol. 46, 1030-1039.
Mashaly M.M., Hendricks G.L., Kalama M.A., Gehad A.E., Abbas A.O and PattersonP.H. (2004).Effect of heat stress on production parameters and immune responses of commercial laying hens. Poult. Sci. 83, 889-894.
Mumma J.O., Thaxton J.P., Vizzier-Thaxton Y. and Dodson W.L. (2006). Physiological stress in laying hens. Poult. Sci. 85, 761-769.
Nijveldt R.J., Van Nood E., Van Hoorn D.E.C., Boelens P.G., Van Norren K. and Van Leeuwen P.A. (2001). Flavonoids: a review of probable mechanisms of action and potential applications. American J. Clin. Nut. 74, 418-425.
NRC. (1994). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9th Rev. Ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC., USA.
Patil K. and Mall A. (2012). Hepatoprotective activity of Mentha arvensis leaves againts CCl4 induced liver damage in rats. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Dis. 2, 223-226.
Pietta P. and Simonetti P. (1998). Dietary flavonoids and interaction with endogenous antioxidants. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. 44, 1069-1074.
Pish-Jang J. (2011). Comparison of effect of cuminumcyminum and probiotic on performance and serum composition of broiler chickens. Ann. Biol. Res. 2, 630-634.
Platel K. and Srinivasan K. (2000). Influence of dietary spices and their active principles on pancreatic digestive enzymes in albino rats. Nahrung. 44, 42-46.
Post J., Rebel J.M. and Huurne A.A. (2003). Physiological effect of elevated plasma corticosterone concentrations in broiler chickens. An alternative means by which to assess the physiological effects of stress. Poult. Sci. 82, 1313-1318.
Puvadolpirod S. and Thaxton J.P. (2000). Model of physiological stress in chickens. 1. Response parameters. Poult. Sci. 79, 363-369.
Reisinger N., Steiner T., Nitsch S. and Schatzmayr G.A. (2011). Effects of a blend of essential oils on broiler performance and intestinal morphology during coccidial vaccine exposure. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 20, 272-283.
SAS Institute. (2003). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Sellaoui S., Alloui N. and Mehenaoui Sand Djaaba S. (2012). Evaluation of immune status of the chicken using morphometry and histology of the bursa of fabricius. J. Vet. Adv. 2, 440-443.
Shang Y., Regassa A., Kim J.H. and Kim W.K. (2015). The effect of dietary fructooligosaccharide supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and immune responses in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella enteritidis lipopolysaccharides. Poult. Sci. 94, 2887-2897.
Sharma A., Sharma M.K. and Kumar M. (2006). Protective effect of Mentha piperit against arsenic-induced toxicity in liver of swiss albino mice. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 100, 249-257.
Shini S., Huff G.R., Shini A. and Kaiser P. (2010). Understanding stress-induced immunosuppression: exploration of cytokine and chemokine gene profiles in chicken peripheral leukocytes. Poult. Sci. 89, 841-851.
Shini S., Kaiser P., Shini A. and Bryden W.L. (2008). Biological response of chickens exposed to corticosterone and a bacterial endotoxin. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 149, 324-333.
Singh D. and Gupta R.S. (2011). Hepatoprotective activity of methanol extract of Tecomella undulate against alcohol and paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Life Sci. Med. Res. 26, 1-6.
Tajodini M., Samadi F., Hashemi S.R., Hassani S. and Shams-Shargh M. (2014). Effect of different levels of Artichoke (Cynara scolymus) powder on the performance and immune response of broiler chickens. Int. J. Agric. Sci. 4, 66-73.
Taylor B. (1984). The mechanism of the inhibitory action of menthol on gut smoothmuscle. British J. Surg. 71, 902-908.
Von Schantz T., Bensch S., Grahn M., Hasselquist D. and Wittzell H. (1999). Good genes, oxidative stress and condition-dependent sexual signals. Proc. Royal Soc. London B. 266, 1-12.
Wang S.P. and Huang K.J. (2004). Determination of flavonoids by high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. J. Chromatogr. A. 1032, 273-279.
Williams P. and Losa R. (2001). The use of essential oils and their compounds in poultry nutrition. World Poult. 17, 14-15.
Witkoswa D. and Sowinska J. (2013). The effectiveness of peppermint and thyme essential oil mist in reducing bacterial contamination in broiler houses. Poult. Sci. 92, 2834-2843.
Yalcın S., Yalcın S., Uzunoglu K., Duyum H.M. and Eltan O. (2012). Effects of dietary yeast autolysate (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and black cumin seed (Nigella sativa) on performance, egg traits, some blood characteristics and antibody production of laying hens. Livest. Sci. 145, 13-20.
You J.O. and Peng C.A. (2005). Calcium-alginate nanoparticles for nonviral gene delivery. NSTI. Nanotech. 1, 270-273.
Yu J., Bao E.D., Yan J.Y. and Lei L. (2008). Expression and localization of HSPs in the heart and blood vessel of heat-stressed broilers. Cell. Stress. Chaperon. 13, 327-335.
Zhu Q.Y., Huang Y. and Chen Z.Y. (2000). Interaction between flavonoids and α-tocopherol in human low density lipoprotein. J. Nutr. Biochem. 11, 14-21.
