Effects of Agricultural Child Labour on Children’s Perception of Farming Occupation in Delta State, Nigeria
الموضوعات :
Albert Ofuoku
1
,
Angela Izukanne Emodi
2
1 - Department of Agricultural Economjcs and Extension, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, PMB 95074,
Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria.
2 - Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
تاريخ الإرسال : 12 الثلاثاء , ذو الحجة, 1437
تاريخ التأكيد : 02 الأربعاء , صفر, 1438
تاريخ الإصدار : 19 الثلاثاء , صفر, 1437
الکلمات المفتاحية:
agriculture,
Child labour,
farming occupation,
participation index,
child labour regulation,
ملخص المقالة :
This study examined the effects of agricultural child labour on children’s perception of farming occupation in Delta State, Nigeria. A total of 336 respondents comprising of 112 farming household heads and 224 children in the selected households were used for the study.Farming activities of the children were highest during weekends. Highest level of participation was recorded in herbicide and pesticide application. A participation index of 0.55 was recorded for children from the farming HHs. It was concluded that the socio-economic status of the HH heads and the need to transfer farming knowledge and skills through generations encouraged farming HH child labour in agriculture and the level of participation of the children in agricultural activities influenced their perception on farming occupation negatively. It is recommended that farming HH heads should be educated on the implications of child labour in agriculture; children should be allowed or made to participate in non-hazardous farming operations; children should be educated motivationally on the importance of farming occupation
المصادر:
Adeoti, A. I, Coster, A. S and Gbolagun, A. O (2013). Child farm labour in rural households of South-West, Nigria. International Journal of African and Asian Studies,1:47-56.
Anyagarwal N. (2009). Tackling child labor, International Rescue Committee, India.
Apantaku, S. O. (2004). Analysis of senior secondary agricultural science students’ attitude towards agriculture as a career. Journal of Extension Systems, 20 (1):42-54.
Basu, K and Hoang Van, P. (1998). The economics of child labor. The American Economic Review, 88 (3): 412-427.
Canagarajah, S and Coulombe, H. (1997). Child Labour and schooling in Ghana. Policy Research working Paper No 1844. The World Bank Washington, D.C
Das, D. K. L. and Sekhar S. F. C. (1992). Child workers: An analysis of their terms of employment. The Indian Journal of Social Work, 53(1): 29-37.
Diarra, S. T. (2013). Agricultural work: Beware. Spore,162,18–9.
Dillon, A. (2008). Child Labour and Schooling Responses to Production and Health Shocks in Northern Mali, IFPRI Discussion Paper 00755, Development Strategy and Governance Division, March 2008.
Dunapo, S. O. (2002). Causative and Sustaining Factors to Street Hawking in Nigeria: implications of the Nigerian child (ed.) Okonkwo, R. U. N & Okenye, R. O. O Awka: Erudition Publishers.
Grootaert, C and Kanbur, R. (1995). Child labour: An economic perspective”, International Labour Review, 134(2):187-203.
Gulrajani, M. (1994). Child Labour and he Export Sector in The Third World: A Case Study of The Indian Carpet Industry. Labour Capital And Society, 27(2): 192-214.
Harari, R., Forastiere F. and Axelson O. (1997). Unacceptable occupational exposure to toxic agents among children in Ecuador. AmericanJournal of Industrial Medicine, 32 (3):185-189.
Hasan, M. and Debnath J. C. (2000). Issues and problems of girl child labour in India and Bangladesh.” Journalof Indian Anthropology, 35: 255-70.
Hoppick, R. (1957). Occupational information. New York: McGraw-Hill.
ILO (2010). Child labour in agriculture. Geneva: International Labour Organization.
ILO (International Labor Organization). (1993). World Labor Report. Geneva: International Labor Organization.
ILO (International Labor Organization). (1996). World Labor Report. Geneva:International Labor Organization.
Johnson-Michael, S. (2013). The Effects of Herbicides and Pesticides on Humans. Retrieved August 5, 2014. (http://www.livestrong. com/article/141022-side-effects-herbicides/ ).
Nkamleu, G. B., and Kielland, A. (2006) “Modeling Farmer’s Decisions on Child Labour and Schooling in the Cocoa Sector: A Multinomial Logit Analysis in Côte d’Ivoire.” Agricultural Economics, 35(3):319-333.
Nkamleu, G. B. (2009). Determinants of Child Labour and Schooling in the Native Cocoa Households of Cote d’Ivoire, Research Paper 190; 2009, African Economic Research Consortium, Nairobi, Kenya.
Nwalieji, H. U., Madukwe, M. C., Agwu, A. E. and Umerah, M. I. (2014). Adoption of rice technologies introduced by the United States Agency for International Development in Anambra and Ebonyi States, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Extension, 18(1): 143-154.
Nwaru, J. C. (2004). Rural Credit markets and resource use in arable crop production in Imo State of Nigeria, PhD. Dissertation, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria.
Obasi, P. C. (1999). Resource use efficiency in food crop production: A case study of Owerri Agricultural Zone of Imo State, Nigeria, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Ofuoku, Albert U., David E. I. and Bishop O. Ovwhigo. (2014). Child Labor In Agricultural Production and Socio economicVariables Among Arable Farming Households in Nigeria. Journal of Rural Social Sciences, 22(2): 67-81.
Olaolu, M. O., Ajayi, A. R. and Akinnagbe, O. M. (2011). Impact of National FADAMA Development Project II on rice farmers’ profitability in Kogi State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Extension, 15(1): 64-74.
Ravallion, M. and Wodon. Q. (2000). “Does Child Labour Displace Schooling? Evidence on Behavioural Responses to an Enroloment Subsidy.” Policy Research Working Paper Series 2116, The World Bank.
