The Challenges of the Elections Systems of Persian Gulf Arab Countries
الموضوعات :
1 -
الکلمات المفتاحية: challenge, democracy, elections system, Persian Gulf Arab Countries,
ملخص المقالة :
This article intends to clarify views regarding important challenges that have originated from the political, social, cultural and geopolitical structures in the elections systems of Persian Gulf Arab countries. Challenges that determine the compatibility levels of elections systems of these countries with the world’s democratic systems. An efficient elections system is the prerequisite for the realization of democracy in political structures. Therefore, satisfaction level is one of the examples of an efficient elections system. Fundamentally, it clarifies the democracy realization level in political systems. This article attempts to while reviewing the elections systems of Persian Gulf Arab countries and the latest development in these systems, to answer the following question: what level of democracy do the elections systems of these countries experience? And have the elections systems fundamentally shaped in the political structures of these countries or not? For this reason and with the aim of determining the benefit levels of elections systems in Persian Gulf Arab countries, the indexes of elections systems of the democratic world, initially a definition of democratic elections system, importance, formation of factors, elements and various systems are presented, and then elections systems and recent developments of these systems in each of the Persian Gulf Arab countries is explained. At the end of the article while dealing with the elections systems challenges in these countries, summation and conclusions are presented.
- Alberecht, Holgar & Schelumberger, Oliver (2004), “Regime without Democratization in the Middle East”, International Political Science Review, Vol. 25, No. 4.
- Kazemi Dinan, Seyed Morteza (2009), Jam-e-Jam, Year 10, No. 2586
- Levitsky, Steven & Lucan A. Way (2002), “The Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism”, Journal of Democracy 13.2.
- Luciani, Giacomo (Summer 1995), Steady Oil Revenue, Government Financial Crisis and Tendency to Democracy, Middle East Studies Quarterly, No. 5
- Moore, Brington (1990), Social Roots of Dictatorship and Democracy, Translated by Hussein Bashirieh, Tehran, University Publications Centre.
- Naderi, Abbas (2009), Sociological Review of the Political System of Saudi Arabia, Foreign Policy Quarterly, No. 3
- Ottaway, Marina (2003), “Democracy Challenged: The Rise of Semi-Authoritarianism”, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, available online at www.carnegieendowment.org.
- Rezaee, Asadolah (2006), the Autopsy of Political Parties, Tehran, Aameh Publications
- Schelumberger, Oliver (2006), “The Arab Middle East & the Question of Democratization”, Democratization, Vol. 7, No. 4.
- Soltanifar, Masoud (2007), the Characteristics of a Satisfactory Elections System, E’temad Melli Newspaper.
- Weiffen, Brigitte (2008), Liberalizing Autocratic in the Persian Gulf Regime?, World Development, Vol. 36, No. 12.
- Zibakalam, Sadegh, Moghtedaee, Morteza (2014), Political Parties and their Role in Political Development in Iran, Entekhab thematic study, Political Sciences Specialised Quarterly, 10th year, No. 29
- Zibakalam, Sadegh (2000), A Collective of Political Speeches from Dr. Sadegh Zibakalam, Tehran, Rozaneh Publications.
- Zaccara, Luciano (2013), Comparing Elections in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries after the Arab Spring: The United Arab Emirates, Oman, and Kuwait, Journal of Arabian Studies, 3:1, 80-101.
