نقش واسطهای پایداری روانی در رابطة بین شیوه های والدگری و تبلور وجودی
الموضوعات :امیرعباس فاتحی دهاقانی 1 , فریده یوسفی 2
1 - کارشناس ارشد روانشناسی تربیتی
2 - دانشیار روانشناسی تربیتی
دانشگاه شیراز
الکلمات المفتاحية: سرسختی, پایداری روانی, تبلور وجودی, شیوههای والدگری,
ملخص المقالة :
هدف از این پژوهش بررسی رابطة بین شیوههای والدگری و تبلور وجودی با واسطهگری پایداری روانی بود. شرکتکنندگان 355 نفر از دانشجویان کارشناسیارشد دانشگاه شیراز بودند که بر اساس روش نمونهبرداری تصادفی خوشهای چندمرحلهای انتخاب شدند و پرسشنامههای شیوههای والدگری (بری، 1991 )، پایداریروانی (کلاف و دیگران، 2002 ) و مقیاس تبلور وجودی (داینر و دیگران، 2010 ) را در محل کلاسهای عادی خود تکمیل کردند. یافتهها با استفاده از روشمدلیابی معادلات ساختاری نشاندهندة رابطة مثبت و معنادار شیوة والدگری مستبدانه با تبلور وجودی بود. رابطة شیوة والدگری مقتدرانه با پایداری روانی مثبتو معنادار، و رابطة شیوه والدگری آسانگیر با پایداری روانی منفی و معنادار بود. شیوة والدگری مستبدانه بر تبلور وجودی اثر مستقیم و شیوههای والدگری مقتدرانهو آسانگیر به واسطة پایداری روانی بر تبلور وجودی تأثیر غیرمستقیم دارد. در پایان، ضمن بحث درباره یافتهها، با توجه به پیشینة علمی موجود، به کاربرد عملییافتهها در آموزش والدین و افزایش تبلور وجودی در افراد اشاره شده است.
شیخالاسلامی، ر. و برزو، ش. (1394). والدگری و مسئولیتپذیری در نوجوانان: نقش واسطهگری سبکهای پردازش هویت. فصلنامه روشها و مدلهای روانشناختی، 19، 120-97.
جوادیان، س. ر.، اکبری، ن. و بهزادمنش، س. م. (1386). رابطه بین شیوههای والدگری والدین و راهبردهای مقابله با استرس فرزندان. فصلنامه مددکاری اجتماعی، 1 (6)، 34-23.
مرادی، م.، علیزاده، م.، بارانیان، س. و زغیبیقناد، س. (1395). پنج عامل بزرگ شخصیت و بهزیستی روانشناختی: نقش واسطهای حرمت خود. فصلنامه روانشناسی تحولی: روانشناسان ایرانی، 13 (49)،
93-79.
فرخی، ا. و سبزی، ن. (1394). شادکامی و ادراک الگوهای ارتباطی خانواده: نقش واسطهای سرمایه روانشناختی. فصلنامه روانشناسی تحولی: روانشناسان ایرانی، 11 (43)، 324-313.
یوسفی، ف. (1386). ارتباط سبک والدگری والدین با مهارتهای اجتماعی و جنبههایی از خودپنداره دانشآموزان دبیرستانی. دوماهنامه دانشور رفتار، 22، 46-37.
Akin, A., & Akin, U. (2015). Mediating role of coping competence on the relationship between mindfulness and flourishing. Suma Psicológica, 22(1), 37-43.
Aunola, K., Stattin, H., & Nurmi, J. E. (2000). Parenting styles and adolescents' achievement strategies. Journal of Adolescence, 23(2), 205-222.
Barber, L. K., Bagsby, P. G., & Munz, D. C. (2010). Affect regulation strategies for promoting (or preventing) flourishing emotional health. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(6), 663-666.
Baumrind, D. (1991). The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 11(1), 56-95.
Baumrind, D. (1996). The discipline controversy revisited. Family Relations, 45(4), 405-414.
Bull, S. J., Shambrook, C. J., James, W., & Brooks, J. E. (2005). Towards an understanding of mental toughness in elite English cricketers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17(3), 209-227.
Buri, J. R. (1991). Parental authority questionnaire. Journal of Personality Assessment, 57(1), 110-119.
Clough, P., & Strycharczyk, D. (2012). Developing mental toughness: Improving performance, wellbeing and positive behavior in others. New York: Kogan Page Publishers.
Clough, P., Earle, K., & Sewell, D. (2002). Mental toughness: The concept and its measurement. In I. Cockerill (Ed.), Solutions in sport psychology (pp. 32-43). London: Thomson.
Connaughton, D., Wadey, R., Hanton, S., & Jones, G. (2008). The development and maintenance of mental toughness: Perceptions of elite performers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(1), 83-95.
Crust, L. (2008). A review and conceptual re-examination of mental toughness: Implications for future researchers. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(7), 576-583.
Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting styles as context: An integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113¸ 487-496.
Desjardins, J., Zelenski, J. M., & Coplan, R. J. (2008). An investigation of maternal personality, parenting styles, and subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(3), 587-597.
Dewhurst, S. A., Anderson, R. J., Cotter, G., Crust, L., & Clough, P. J. (2012). Identifying the cognitive basis of mental toughness: Evidence from the directed forgetting paradigm. Personality and Individual Differences, 53(5), 587-590.
Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D. W., Oishi, S., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2010). New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social Indicators Research, 97(2), 143-156.
Engels, R. C., Finkenauer, C., Meeus, W., & Deković, M. (2001). Parental attachment and adolescents' emotional adjustment: The associations with social skills and relational competence. Journal of Counseling Psychology 48(4), 428-439.
Fredrickson, B. L., & Losada, M. F. (2005). Positive affect and the complex dynamics of human flourishing. American Psychologist, 60(7), 678-686.
Gerber, M., Kalak, N., Lemola, S., Clough, P. J., Perry, J. L., Pühse, U., & Brand, S. (2013). Are adolescents with high mental toughness levels more resilient against stress? Stress and Health, 29(2), 164-171.
Gunnoe, M. L., Hetherington, E. M., & Reiss, D. (1999). Parental religiosity, parenting style, and adolescent social responsibility. Journal of Early Adolescence, 19(2), 199-225.
Havewala, M. C. (2013). The effects of perceived parenting styles on psychopathology, attachment, self-esteem and grit in American and Indian Students. Degree awarded: MA Psychology. American University.
Hill, N. E. (1995). The relationship between family environment and parenting style: A preliminary study of African American families. Journal of Black Psychology, 21(4), 408-423.
Hopkins, J. S. (2015). Parenting Styles and Psychological Well-being in African American Adolescents. Doctoral dissertation, Regent University.
Horsburgh, V. A., Schermer, J. A., Veselka, L., & Vernon, P. A. (2009). A behavioral genetic study of mental toughness and personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(2), 100-105.
Huppert, F. A., & So, T. T. C. (2009). What percentage of people in Europe are flourishing and what characteristics them. Prepared for OECD/ISQOLS meeting "Measuring subjective well-being: An opportunity for NSOs?" Florence-July 23/24. 2009.
Jaeschke, A. M. C. (2012). Perceptions of mental toughness in ultramarathon runners: A mixed-methods approach to defining, understanding, and developing mental toughness. Doctoral dissertation, Temple University.
Kaiseler, M., Polman, R., & Nicholls, A. (2009). Mental toughness, stress, stress appraisal, coping and coping effectiveness in sport. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(7), 728-733.
Keyes, C. L. (2002). The mental health continuum: From languishing to flourishing in life. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43(2), 207-222.
Keyes, C. L., Kendler, K. S., Myers, J. M., & Martin, C. C. (2015). The genetic overlap and distinctiveness of flourishing and the big five personality traits. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(3), 655-668.
Kobasa, S. C. (1979). Stressful life events, personality, and health: An inquiry into hardiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(1), 1-11.
Madrigal, L. (2014). The relationships among mental toughness, hardiness, optimism and coping: A structural equation modeling approach. Doctoral dissertation, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro.
Milevsky, A., Schlechter, M., Netter, S., & Keehn, D. (2007). Maternal and paternal parenting styles in adolescents: Associations with self-esteem, depression and life-satisfaction. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 16(1), 39-47.
Mirzaei, F., & Kadivarzare, H. (2014). Relationship between parenting styles and hardiness in high school students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 3793-3797.
Nicholls, A. R., Polman, R. C., Levy, A. R., & Backhouse, S. H. (2008). Mental toughness, optimism, pessimism, and coping among athletes. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(5), 1182-1192.
Ritter, E. N. (2005). Parenting styles: Their impact on the development of adolescent resiliency. Doctoral Dissertation, Capella University.
Sharma, J., & Tankha, G. (2015). Perceived parenting style and hardiness in rural and urban adolescents. Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, 6(10), 958-962.
Sigelman, C. K. (1999). Life-span human development. (3th Ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
Silva, A. J., & Caetano, A. (2013). Validation of the flourishing scale and scale of positive and negative experience in Portugal. Social Indicators Research, 110(2), 469-478.
Stamp, E., Crust, L., Swann, C., Perry, J., Clough, P., & Marchant, D. (2015). Relationships between mental toughness and psychological wellbeing in undergraduate students. Personality and Individual Differences, 75, 170-174.
Steinberg, L., Lamborn, S. D., Dornbusch, S. M., & Darling, N. (1992). Impact of parenting practices on adolescent achievement: Authoritative parenting, school involvement, and encouragement to succeed. Child Development, 63(5), 1266-1281.
Stoeber, J., & Corr, P. J. (2016). A short empirical note on perfectionism and flourishing. Personality and Individual Differences, 90, 50-53.
Suldo, S. M., & Fefer, S. A. (2013). Parent-Child Relationships and Well-Being. In C. Proctor & P. A. Linley, Research, applications, and interventions for children and adolescents (pp.131-147). New York: Springer.
Sun, S. X., Fan, F., Zheng, Y. H., Zhu, Q., Chen, S., Zhang, L., & Tan, Y. (2012). Mediating effect of resilience between parenting styles and PTSD symptoms in adolescents. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 20(4), 502-505.
Thompson, H., Bugler, M., Robinson, J., Clough, P., McGeown, S. P., & Perry, J. (2014). Mental toughness in education: exploring relationships with attainment, attendance, behaviour and peer relationships. Educational Psychology, 35(7), 886-907.
Van Schalkwyk, I., & Wissing, M. P. (2013). Evaluation of a program to enhance flourishing in adolescents. Well-Being Research in South Africa,4, 581-605.
Villieux, A., Sovet, L., Jung, S. C., & Guilbert, L. (2016). Psychological flourishing: Validation of the French version of the Flourishing Scale and exploration of its relationships with personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 88, 1-5.
Weiss, L. H., & Schwarz, J. C. (1996). The relationship between parenting types and older adolescents' personality, academic achievement, adjustment, and substance use. Child Development, 67(5), 2101-2114.
Wolke, D., Jaekel, J., Hall, J., & Baumann, N. (2013). Effects of sensitive parenting on the academic resilience of very preterm and very low birth weight adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(5), 642-647.
Xie, Q., Fan, W., Wong, P., & Cheung, F. M. (2015). Personality and parenting style as predictors of life satisfaction among Chinese secondary students. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 25 (3), 423-432.
Zhong, X., Wu, D., Nie, X., Xia, J., Li, M., Lei, F, & Mahendran, R. (2016). Parenting style, resilience, and mental health of community-dwelling elderly adults in China. BMC Geriatrics, 16(1), 1-19
_||_