رابطه آزارکودکی و آسیب پذیری هیجانی با نشانه ‌های شخصیت مرزی: نقش واسطه ای طرحواره های هیجانی و نظم جویی هیجانی

الموضوعات :

حمید یعقوبی ¹ , جعفر حسنی ² , مجید محمودعلیلو ³ , وحید صبری ⁴

1 - دانشیار گروه روان شناسی دانشگاه شاهد
2 - استاد گروه روان شناسی دانشگاه خوارزمی
3 - استاد گروه روان شناسی دانشگاه تبریز
4 - دکتری روان شناسی بالینی دانشگاه شاهد

تاريخ الإرسال : 09 الإثنين , جمادى الثانية, 1444 تاريخ التأكيد : 09 الإثنين , جمادى الثانية, 1444 تاريخ الإصدار : 23 الأربعاء , ذو القعدة, 1443

الکلمات المفتاحية: طرحواره هیجانی, شخصیت مرزی, آزار کودکی,

ملخص المقالة :

هــدف ایــن پژوهــش تعییــن نقــش واســطه‌ای طرحواره‌هــای هیجانــی و نظم‌جویــی هیجانــی در رابطــه بیــن آزار کودکــی و آســیب پذیری هیجانــی بـا ویژگی‌هـای شـخصیت مـرزی بـود. ایـن پژوهـش از نـوع همبسـتگی و مدل‌یابـی معـادلات سـاختاری بـود. ۴۶۲ نفـر از جمعیـت عمومـی اسـتان آذربایجـان غربـی از طریـق فضـای مجـازی انتخـاب شـدند و بـه مقیـاس خودگزارش‌دهـی آزار کودکـی (محمدخانـی، محمـدی، نظـری، صلواتـی و رزاقـی، ۲۰۰۳)، مقیـاس آسـیب‌پذیری هیجانـی دوران کودکـی (سـایٔر و بایٔـر، ۲۰۰۹)، پرسشـنامۀ نظم‌جویـی هیجـان (گـراس و جـان،۲۰۰۳)، مقیـاس طرحواره‌هـای هیجانـی (لیهـی، ۲۰۱۱) و پرسشـنامۀ شـخصیت مـرزی (محمـدزاده، گـودرزی، تقـوی و مـلازاده، ۲۰۰۵) پاسـخ دادنـد. یافته‌هـا نشـان داد آزار کودکـی و آسـیب‌پذیری هیجانـی به‌طـور مثبـت معنـادار نشـانه‌های شـخصیت مـرزی را پیش‌بینـی میکنـد. طرحواره‌هـای هیجانـی بـا برقـراری رابطـۀ مثبـت معنـادار بیـن آزار کودکـی و نشـانه‌های شـخصیت مـرزی، نقـش واسـطه‌ای داشـت. همچنیـن طرحواره‌هـای هیجانـی بیـن آزار کودکـی و آسـیب‌پذیری هیجانـی بـا نارسـانظم‌جویی هیجانـی نیـز نقـش واسـطه‌ای داشـت. بر اسـاس یافته‌هـای ایـن پژوهـش می‌تـوان نتیجـه گرفـت کـه طرحواره‌هــای هیجانــی می‌تواننــد نشــانه‌های شــخصیت مــرزی را افزایــش دهنــد.

المصادر:

Batmaz, S., & Özdel, K. (2015). Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Leahy Emotional Schema Scale-II. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry/An- adolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 16, 23-30.

Batmaz, S., Kaymak, S. U., Kocbiyik, S., & Turkcapar, M. H. (2014). Metacognitions and emotional sche- mas: A new cognitive perspective for the distinction between unipolar and bipolar depression. Comprehen- sive Psychiatry, 55(7), 1546-1555.

Besharat, M.A., Asadi, M.M., & Tulaian, F. (2015). The mediating role of my strength in the relationship between attachment styles and cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Journal of Developmental Psy- chology: Iranian Psychologists, 12 (46), 107-119. [In Persian].

Coles, J., Lee, A., Taft, A., Mazza, D., & Loxton, D. (2015). Childhood sexual abuse and its association with adult physical and mental health: Results from a national cohort of young Australian women. Journal of Interper- sonal Violence,30(11), 1929-1944.

Crowell, S. E., Beauchaine, T. P., & Linehan, M. M.(2009). A biosocial developmental model of border- line personality: Elaborating and extending Linehan’s theory.PsychologicalBulletin,135(3), 495-517.

Farahmand, S., & Foladchang, M. (2016). Causal ex- planation of academic vitality based on family com- munication patterns: The mediating role of emotional expression. Journal of Developmental Psychology: Iranian Psychologists, 13(51), 257-269. [In Persian].

Farrokhzadian, A., Rezaei, F., & Sadeghi, M. (2019). The mediating role of emotional schemas in the rela- tionship between childhood trauma and generalized anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychology and Personality, 17(2), 89-101. [In Persian].

Fergusson, D. M., McLeod, G. F., & Horwood, L. J.(2013). Childhood sexual abuse and adult develop- mental outcomes: Findings from a 30-year longitudinal study in New Zealand. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37(9), .664-674

Gao, Y., Raine, A., Chan, F., Venables, P. H., & Mednick, S. A. (2010). Early maternal and paternal bonding, childhood physical abuse and adult psycho- pathic personality. Psychological Medicine, 40, 1007- .1016

Gill, D. J., & Warburton, W. A. (2014). An investigation of the biosocial model of borderline personality disor- der. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 70(9), 866–873.

Gill, D., Warburton, W., & Sweller, N. (2018). The de- velopment of borderline personality disorder: Beyond the biosocial model. Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies, 18(2),55-63.

Goodman, M., & Yehuda, R. (2002). The relationship between psychological trauma and borderline person- ality disorder. Psychiatric Annals, 32(6), 337-345.

Gratz, K. L., Bornovalova, M. A., Delany-Brumsey,

A., Nick, B., & Lejuez, C. W. (2007). A laborato- ry-based study of the relationship between child-hood abuse and experiential avoidance among inner-city substance users: The role of emotional nonacceptance. Behavior Therapy, 38, 256–268.

Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences
in two emotion regulation processes: implications for
affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Per- sonality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348-354.

Hasani, J.(2016) Persian version of the Emotion Regu- lation Questionnaire: Factor structure, reliability and validity. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences, .108-113 ,)3(10

Heim, C., & Nemeroff, C.B. (2001). The role of childhood trauma in the neurobiology of mood and anxiety dis- orders: Preclinical and clinical studies. Biological Psy- chiatry, 49(9), 1023-1039.

Hiraoka, R., Crouch, J. L., Reo, G., Wagner, M. F., Milner, J. S., & Skowronski, J. J. (2016). Borderline personali- ty features and emotion regulation deficits are associat- ed with child physical abuse potential. Child Abuse & Neglect, 52, 177-184.

Hooman, H. A. (2002). Multivariate data analysis in be- havioral research. Tehran: Parsa Publications.[In Persian].

Iwaniec, D. (2006). The emotionally abused and neglect- ed child: Identification, assessment and intervention: A practice handbook. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Jackson , D., Claridge, G., & Freeman, J. L. (2001). Prin- cipal components analysis of the SchizotypalPerson- ality Scale (STA) and the Borderline Personality Scale (STB). Personality and Individual Differences, 31(3), .409-419

Khanzadeh, M., Idrisi, F., Mohammadkhani, SH., & Saeidian, M. (2013). A study of factor structure and psychometric characteristics of Emotional Schemas Scale on students. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 11, 91-119. [In Persian].

Kline, R. X. (2011). Principles and practices of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford Press.

Kring, A. M., Johnson, S. L., Davison, G. C., & Neale, J. M. (2018). Abnormal psychology. US.: Amazon.

Kuo, J. R., & Linehan, M. M. (2009). Disentangling Phys- iological and self-reported assessment of biological vulnerability, baseline intensity, and reactivity to emotionally evocative stimuli. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118(3), 531-544.

Kuo, J. R., Khoury, J. E., Metcalfe, R., Fitzpatrick, S., & Goodwill, A. (2015). An examination of the re- lationship between childhood emotional abuse and borderline personality disorder features: The role of difficulties with emotion regulation. Child Abuse &Neglect, 39, 147- 155.

Laporte, L., & Guttman, H. (2001). Abusive relationships in families of women with borderline personality dis- order, anorexia nervosa and a control group. The Jour- nal of Nervous and mental disease, 189(8), 522-531.

Leahy, R. (2018). Emotional schema therapy, distinctive feature. New York: Rutledge.

Leahy, R. (2015). Emotional schema therapy. New York: Rutledge.

Leahy, R. (2002). A model of emotional schemas. Cogni- tive and Behavioral Practice, 9, 177- 90.

Leahy R.L. (2010). Emotional schemas and resistance to change in anxiety disorders. In D. Sookman (Ed.), Treatment resistant anxiety disorders (pp.135-160). New York: Rutledge.

Leahy, R. L. (2007). Emotional schemas and resistance to change in anxiety disorders. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 14(1), 36-45.

Leahy, R. L., Tirch, D. D., & Melwani, P. S. (2012). Pro- cesses underlying depression: Risk aversion, emotion- al schemas, and psychological flexibility. Internation- al Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 5(4), 362-379.

Leahy, R. L., Tirch, D., & Napolitano, L. A. (2011). Emo- tion regulation in psychotherapy: A practitioner’s guide. New York: Guilford Press.

Lieb, K., Zanarini, M. C., Schmahl, C., Linehan, M. M., & Bohus, M. (2004). Borderline personality disorder. The Lancet, 364(9432),453-461.

Linehan, M. M. (1993). Dialectical behavior therapy for treatment of borderline personality disorder: impli- cations for the treatment of substance abuse. NIDA Research

Mahmoud Alilou, M., & Sharifi, M. (2013). Borderline personality disorder: Theoretical issues and treatment methods. Tehran: Arjmand Publications. [In Persian].

Martins, C. M. S., Baes, C. V. W., & Juruena, M. (2011). Analysis of the occurrence of early life stress in adult psychiatric patients: A systematic review. Psychology & Neuroscience, 4(2), 219-227.

McLaughlin, G (2007). Children’s emotion regulation: A step-by-step guide for parents, teachers, counselors and psychologists. Translated by A. R. Kiani and F. Bahrami. Tehran: Arjmand Publications. [In Persian].

Merza, K., Papp, G., & Kuritárné Szabó, I. (2015). The role of childhood traumatization in the development of borderline personality disorder in Hungary. The Euro- pean Journal of Psychiatry, 29(2), 105-118.

Mohammadkhani, P., Mohammadi, M. R., Nazari, M. A., Salavati, M., & Razzaghi, O. M. (2003). Devel- opment, validation and reliability of Child Abuse Self Report Scale (CASRS) in Iranian students. Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran, 17(1), 51-58. [In Persian].

Mohammadzadeh, A., Goodarzi, M., Calendar, A., & Mu- lazadeh, J. (2005). Investigation of factor structure, validity, reliability and standardization of Borderline Personality Scale (STB) in Shiraz University students. Quarterly Journal of Mental Health Principles, 75, 27-28. [In Persian].

Norman, R. E., Byambaa, M., De, R., Butchart, A., Scott, J., & Vos, T. (2012). The long-term health consequenc- es of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and ne- glect: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med, 9(11), e1001349.

Pourshahriar, H., Alizade, H., & Rajaeinia, K. (2018). Childhood emotional abuse and borderline personal- ity disorder features: The mediating roles of attach- ment style and emotion regulation. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 24 (2), 148-163. [In Persian].

Pour Mohammad, P., & Jahangiri, Z. (2019). The role of childhood traumas and attachment styles in predicting borderline personality traits in the nonclinical popula- tion. Journal of New Psychological Research. Special is- sue of the first biennial congress of new psychology and behavioral sciences of Tabriz University. [In Persian].

Reed, L. I., Fitzmaurice, G., & Zanarini, M. C. (2015). The relationship between childhood adversity and dys- phoric inner states among borderline patients followed prospectively for 10 years. Journal of Personality Dis- orders, 29(3), 408-417.

Rostami, M., Abdi, M., & Heydari, H. (2014). The rela- tionship between types of child abuse in childhood with self-compassion and mental health in married people. Journal of Principles of Mental Health, 16 (1), 61-73. [In Persian].

Salzman, J. P., Salzman, C., Wolfson, A. N., Albanese, M., Looper, J., Ostacher, M., & Miyawaki,E. (1993). Association between borderline personality struc- ture and history of childhood abuse in adult volun- teers. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 34(4), 254-257.

Sauer, S. E., & Baer, R. A. (2010). Validation of meas- ures of biosocial precursors to borderline personali- ty disorder: Childhood emotional vulnerability and en- vironmental invalidation. Assessment, 17(4), 454–46.

Stepp S. D., Whalen, D. J., Scott, L. N., Zalewski, M., Loeber, R., & Hipwell, A. (2014) Reciprocal effects of parenting and borderline personality disorder symp- toms in adolescent girls. Journal of Development and Psychopathology, 26(2)361–378.

Tirch, D. D., Leahy, R. L., Silberstein, L. R., & Melwani, P. S. (2012). Emotional schemas, psychological flexibility, and anxiety: The role of flexible response patterns to anxious arousal. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 5(4), 380-391.

Tonmyr, L., & Shields, M. (2017). Childhood sexual abuse and substance abuse: A gender paradox? Child Abuse & Neglect, 63, 284-294.

Westbrook, J., & Berenbaum, H. (2017). Emotional aware- ness moderates the relationship between childhood abuse and borderline personality disorder symptom fac- tors. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 73(7), 910-921.

Westphal, M., Leahy, R. L., Pala, A. N., & Wupperman, P. (2016). Self-compassion and emotional i n v a l i - dation mediate the effects of parental indifference on psychopathology.Psychiatry Research,242, 186-191.

Yen, S., Zlotnick, C., & Costello, E. (2002). Affect reg- ulation in women with borderline personality disor- der traits. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,190,693-696.