Studying Drought Tolerance in Thymus kotschyanus Accessions for Cultivation in Dryland Farming and Low Efficient Grassland
الموضوعات :
Abbas Pourmeidani
1
(Research Division of Natural Resources, Qom Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, (AREEO), Qom, Iran.)
Ali Ashraf Jafari
2
(Associate Professor Research Institutes of Forests and Rangelands, AREEO, Tehran, Iran)
Mahdi Mirza
3
(Research institute of Forests and Rangelands, AREEO, Tehran, Iran.)
الکلمات المفتاحية: Thymus kotschyanus, Essential Oil, Field capacity, Drought tolerance,
ملخص المقالة :
This study was carried out to evaluate drought stress tolerance in Thymus kotschyanus accessions using a factorial experiment based on a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 replications during 2013-2014 in Qom, Iran. The first factor was the accession with 17 levels and the second factor was drought stress with three levels of irrigation including 80% (control), 60% and 40% Field Capacity (FC). Data were collected for shoot length, root length, root to shoot length ratio (R/S), shoot fresh yield, oil percent, oil production and Relative Water Content (RWC). Result of analysis of variance showed significant differences between accessions, irrigation and accessions by irrigation interaction for all of traits (p<0.01). Results of means comparison showed that by increasing drought stress, the shoot length, shoot weight and RWC were decreased. For root length, R/S, oil content and oil yield, higher mean values were obtained in drought stress. Higher shoot weight, oil yield and oil content were obtained in moderate stress (60% FC). Results showed that accessions 29 and 50 (Abhar) for shoot length, accessions 29 and 10 (Uremia) for root length, accessions 29 and 47 (Lorestan) for shoot weight, accessions 29 and 5 (Alamoot) for oil yield and accessions 29 and 10 (Uremia) for oil content had significantly higher values in moderate irrigation (60%FC) than others and ranked in class a. For root length, and shoot weight, the accession 23 (Divandare) and for R/S, the accessions 22 (Abyek) and 10 had higher mean values in severe irrigation (40% FC) than others. Thymus kotschyanus accessions showed a high variation for drought tolerance in greenhouse conditions and this species is semi-tolerant to drought stress. Accessions Qazvin 2, Abyek, Uremia and unknown had higher oil productions than others. Therefore, these accessions can be used for cultivation in irrigation deficit and Low-yielding pastures.
Amini Dehaghi, M., Babaee, K., 2010. Water deficit effect on morphology, proline content and thymol percentage of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Iranian Jour. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 26(2): 239-251. (In Persian).
Bagheri, M., Yeganeh, H., Zandi, E., 2011. Effects of water stress on seed germination of Thymus kotschyanus and Thymus daenensis. Middle East Jour. Scientific Research, 8(4): 726-731. (In Persian).
Behzadi, Z., Hani, A., Pourmeidani, A., 2015. Influence of water stress on morphological characteristics and essential oil content in three accessions of Thymus migricus. M.Sc. thesis. College of Agriculture, Saveh Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran, 184 p. (In Persian).
British pharmacopoeia, 1988. Vol. 2, London: HMSO, 137-138.
Dehghani, M., Aqajani, Z., Pourmeidani, A., 2014. Effects of water stress on essential oil components and antioxidant properties in ecotypes of thyme (Thymus lancifolius). Master's thesis. Department of organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University of Qom, 168 p. (In Persian).
Golmakani, M., Rezaei, K., 2008. Comparison of microwave-assisted hydro distillation with the traditional hydro distillation method in the extraction of essential oils from Thymus vulgaris L. Food Chemistry. 4: 925-930
Hasani, AS., 2006. The effect of water stress on growth, yield and essential oil of Moldavian balm. Iranian Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Jour., 22 (3): 261- 256. (In Persian).
Heidari, N., Majidpour, H., Tavakoli, R., 2012. Effect of water stress and harvest time on yield and essential oil, Pimpinella anisum. Medicinal Aromatic Plants Research, 28 (1): 121-130. (In Persian).
Hosseini, H., Rezvani Moghadam, H., 2006. Evaluation of drought and salinity stress on the germination of Plantago psyllium. Iranian Jour. Field Crops Research. 4(1): 15-22. (In Persian).
Lebaschy, D., Sharifi, A., 2010. Growth indices of medicinal plants under drought stress. Medicinal Aromatic Plants Research Iran, 20(3): 249-269. (In Persian).
Moghimi, J., 2005. Introduction of some important range species (suitable for development and improvement of Iran ranges). Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. Tehran. Iran, 89 p. (In Persian).
Moradi, M., Moradi, P., Pourmeidani, A., 2015. The effect of different levels of humic acid on quantitative and qualitative characteristics Thymus daenensis under drought conditions. M.Sc. thesis. Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Saveh. 101 p. (In Persian).
Nouraei, KH., Eradatmand, D., Pourmeidani, A., 2013. The impact of drought stress on the three accessions of Thymus kotschyanus. M. Sc. thesis. College of Agriculture, Saveh Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran. 128 p. (In Persian).
Pedneault, S., Léonhart, A., 2002. Variations in concentration of active compounds in four hydroponically-and field-grown medicinal plant species. Acta Horticulture: 580: 255-262 .
Rahimi, R., Tahmasebi, B., Safari, A., 2013. Change in essential oil content and yield components of Anise (Pimpinella anisum) under different irrigation regimes. International Jour. Agriculture and Crop Sciences. 6(7): 364-369. (In Persian).
Ranjbar, R., Fanaii, H., Piri, A., 2015. Influence of water stress on morphological characteristics and essential oil content in three accessions of Thymus transcaucasicus. M.Sc. thesis. Payam Noor University Zabol, Iran. 127 p. (In Persian).
Rechinger, KH., 1982. Flora Iranica. 1st ed. Academic printing and publishing company. Austria. 542-543.
Sabih, A., Abad Farooki, A. H., Ansari, S. R., 1999. Influence of water stress on growth, essential oil, metabolism in Cymbopogon martini cultivars. Jour. Essential Oil Research. 1: 151-157.
Saez, F., 1999. Essential oil variability of Thymus baeticus growing wild in Southeastern Spain. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 27: 269-276.
Safikhani, F., 2006. Effect of water stress on quantity and quality yield of Dracocephalum moldavica under field conditions. Ph.D. thesis of Agronomy, Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran, 187 p. (In Persian).
Sartip, H., Houshang, I., Baratali, F., 2015. Organic agriculture and production of medicinal plants. International Jour. Farming and Allied Sciences. 4(2): 135-143. (In Persian).
Stahl-Biskup, E. and Saez, F., 2002. Thyme. 1 st. ed. Taylor and Francis. England. 226 p.
Stephanie, E.B., Svoboda, V.P., Paul, A.T., Marc, W.V.I., 2005. Controlled drought affects morphology and anatomy of Salvia splendens. Soc. Horticulture. 130: 775–781.
