Impact of Sowing Date on Growth, Phenology and Yield of Three Ecotypes of Astragalus cyclophyllon G. Beek in Semirom Rangelands, Iran
الموضوعات :
Masoud Esmaeili Sharif
1
(Masoud Esmaeili Sharif Ph.D In Forest Sciences. Natural Resources Research Dept. Agricultural
and Natural Resources Research Center)
Amir Hooshang Jalali
2
(Assistant Professor, Horticulture Crops Research Department, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran)
Roja shabahang
3
(Horticultural PhD Student, Hormozgan University, Hormozgan, Iran)
الکلمات المفتاحية: Phenological Stages, Forage yield, Ecotype, Growing Degree Days (GDD),
ملخص المقالة :
In order to compare the effect of sowing date on plant growth, development stages and forage yield of three Astragalus cyclophyllon G. Beek ecotypes, a study was conducted in 2010-2011 cropping years in Hanna station, Semirom county, Iran. Three Astragalus ecotypes were originated from Hanna, Golpayegan and Chadegan in Isfahan province, Iran. Seeds were sown in spring and autumn sowing dates using split plot design based on completely randomized blocks in three replications. The results showed that the effect of year was not significant, but the ecotype by sowing date interaction effect was significant on yield and yield components (P<0.01). The required temperature units such as Growth Degree Days (GDD) for spring and autumn sowing dates were 2848°C and 2793°C, respectively. The effect of sowing date on emergence percent and forage yield was significant (p<0.05). Regardless of the ecotype type, the percentage of seed germination and forage yield in autumn sowing were 51 and 60% higher than spring sowing date, respectively. The dry weight of Hanna ecotype in autumn cultivation was 1280 kg ha-1, which was 55.8% and 58% higher than Golpayegan and Chadegan ecotypes, respectively. The reason for the increased yield in Hanna ecotype was of a higher ratio of its leaves. It was concluded that cultivation of Hanna ecotypes due to its higher forage production was recommended for cultivation in dryland farming and also to prevent its extinction in the study region.
Ardestani, E.G., Tarkesh, M., Bassiri, M. and Vahabi, M.R. 2015. Potential habitat modeling for reintroduction of three native plant species in central Iran. Journal of arid land, 7: 381-390.
Baghdadi, E., Jafari, A.A., Alizadeh, M.A. and Gorji, A.H. 2013. Studying the impacts of cold temperature on morphological and phenological development of Poa pratensis and Poa trivialis regarding GDD. Journal of Rangeland Science, 3: 223-230.
BBCH Monograph. 2001.Growth stages of mono-and dicotyledonous plants. second Editions, Federal Biological Res. Center for Agriculture and Forestry. 158pp.
Bushman, B.S., Johnson, D.A., Connors, K.J. and Jones, T.A. 2015. Germination and seedling emergence of three semiarid western North American legumes. Rangeland ecology and management, 68 (6): 501-506.
Chapman, C.A., Chapman, L.J., Struhsaker, T.T., Zanne, A.E., Clark, C.J. and Poulsen, J.R. 2005. A long-term evaluation of fruiting phenology: importance of climate change. Journal of Tropical ecology, 21(1): 31-45.
Esmaeili Sharif, M. 2000. The development of different species of forage in low-yielding and ruinous farms and end-ranches in semi-steppe regions. Final Report: Agricultural Research and Training Organization. Isfahan Province Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center. 61 pages. (In Persian).
Ghehsareh Ardestani, E., Bassiri, M., Vahabi, M. R., Tarkesh, M. 2014. Effects of harvest intensity on production of four rangeland species. Iranian Journal Applied Ecology, 3: 69-78. (In Persian).
Jalali, A.H., Salemi, H.R., Nikouei, A.R., Gavanji, S, Rezaei, M., Khodagholi, M., Toomanian, N. 2017. Determination of water requirement for potato in different climates of Isfahan province. Applied Research in Field Crops. 30: 53-73 (in Persian).
Kamalzadeh, A., Rajabbaigy, M. and Kiasat, A. 2008. Livestock production systems and trends in livestock industry in Iran. Journal Agriculture and Social Sciences, 4:183-88.
Keshtkar, A.R., Keshtkar, H.R., Razavi, S.M. and Dalfardi, S. 2008. Methods to break seed dormancy of Astragalus cycloptiyllon. African Journal of Biotechnology. 7: 3874-3877.
Lieth, H. 1974. Phenology and Seasonality Modeling. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 444pp.
Meier, U., Bleiholder, H., Buhr, L., Feller, C., Hack, H., Heb, M., Lancashire, P.D., Schnock, U., Staub, R., Van Den Boom, T. and Weber, E. 2009. The BBCH system for coding the phenological growth stages of plants–history and publications. Journal für Kulturpflanzen, 61(2): 41-52.
Moazam, F., Mirlohi, A. and Bassiri, M. 2011, Chromosome morphology and karyotyping in rangeland species of Astragalus cyclophyllus. Journal of Rangeland 2(5): 181-190. (In Persian).
Moshtaghyan, M.B., Keshtkar H.R., Esmaeili Sharif M., and Razavi S.M. 2009. Sowing methods effect on A. cyclophyllon establishment. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 16:79-84.
Najafi Tireh Shabankareh, K. 2004. Consists of phenological study "Zygophyllum atriplicoides" in different elevation zones, Hormozgan province, Iranian Journal Range and Desert Research, 11 (1): 83-111.
Ping, T. F., Yu L., Lin W. G. and Li, S. S. 2015. Seedling recruitment of forb species under experimental micro habitats in alpine grassland. Pakistan Journal Botany, 47 (6): 2127-2134.
Sabeti, M., Tahmasebi, P., Ghehsareh Ardestani, E. and Nikookhah F. 2019. Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the Seed Germination, Seedling Growth and Photosynthetic Pigments of Astragalus caragana under Drought Stress. Journal Rangeland Science 9 (4): 364-377.
Sadeghian, S., Tayebi Khorrami, M., Habibian, S. H. 2004. Phenology study of four rangeland species at Dehbid site of Fars, Iranian Journal Natural Resources, 57(2): 367-376. (In Persian).
Semirom Climatology Index. 2011. Hana Village Climatology Station Report. Isfahan meteorological Organization. 24 pages. (In Persian).
Shahbazi, A., Matinkhah, S. H., Bashari, H., and Tarkesh Esfahani M. 2017. Forage quality of Astragalus cyclophyllon G. Beek and Hedysarum criniferum Boiss in Chadegan region of Isfahan. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 23:823-831. (In Persian).
Shahmoradi, A., Moshtaghian, M.B. and Esmaeilisharif, M. 2007. Autecology study of Astragalus cyclophyllon G. Beek in Isfahan province. Final Report, Karaj: Research Institute of Forest and Rangeland publication, 58pp. (In Persian).
Wang, M. 2009. Cultivation practices for Astragalus membranaceus In the Southeastern United States. M.Sc Thesis 134pp.
Xiaming, L., Yongsheng, W., and Zongsuo. L. 2012. Basal temperature and thermal time requirement for the asparagus membranes seeds: A modeling approach. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica, 7:127-133.
Zadoks, J. C., Chang, T.T., and Konzak C. F. 1974. A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed Research 14, 415-421.
Zarekia, S., Jafari, A.A. and Zandi Esfahani, E. 2014. Effects of Seed Scarification on Vegetation Parameters in Some Astragalus Species under Field Conditions (Case Study: Homand Absard, Damavand, Iran). Journal Rangeland Science, 4(2): 151-158.
Zarekia, S., Jafari, A.A., and Mirhaji. 2016. Assessment of Sowing season effects on vegetation parameters of Astragalus effusus and Astragalus brachyodontus accessions. Ecopersia, 4: 1225-1237.
Zafarian, E., Ebrahimi, A., Abbasi, A. and Asadi, E. 2019. Required Growing Degree-Days (GDDs) for each Phenological Stage of Fritillaria imperialis. Journal Rangeland Science, 9:62-73.
