Evaluation of the Tolerance of Four Pistachio Rootstocks to Salinity Stress Based on Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Parameters

الموضوعات :

Samanah Hakimnejad ¹ (Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran)
Hamid reza Karimi ² (Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran)
Seyyed Rasoul Sahhafi ³ (Department of Genetics and Crop Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran)
Majid Esmaeilizadeh(new) ⁴ (Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran)

تاريخ الإرسال : 11 السبت , صفر, 1443 تاريخ التأكيد : 01 السبت , رمضان, 1443 تاريخ الإصدار : 30 الأحد , رمضان, 1443

الکلمات المفتاحية: Specific leaf weight, Fv/Fm, rwc, Pistachio rootstocks, Akbari, Badami-e- Riz-e-Zarand,

ملخص المقالة :

In order to evaluation of the tolerance of four pistachio rootstocks to salinity stress an experiment was performed as factorial in framework completely randomized design with four replications. Factors included rootstocks (‘Badami-e- Riz-e-Zarand’, ‘Ghazvini’, ‘Akbari’ and UCB-1) in four levels and salinity (0, 75 and 150 mM) in three levels. Results showed that rootstocks had different responses to salinity. The highest specific leaf weight and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter (Fv/Fm) were observed in ‘Badami-e- Riz-e-Zarand’ and ‘Ghazvini’ rootstocks. Also, potassium and calcium concentration of shoot in ‘Badami-e- Riz-e-Zarand’, ‘Ghazvini’ and, ‘Akbari’ rootstocks were higher compared to UCB-1. The UCB-1 rootstock had higher leaf area, relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll-a content than the other rootstocks. The results of cluster analysis showed that salinity changed the position of the ‘Akbari’ and UCB-1 rootstocks in cluster whereas the position of ‘Badami-e- Riz-e-Zarand’ and ‘Ghazvini’ rootstocks unchanged in cluster.

المصادر:

Adish M, Fekri M, Hokmabadi H (2010) Response of Badami- Zarand pistachio rootstock to salinity stress. Journal of Nuts. 1, 1-11.

Ball MC (2002) Interactive effects of salinity and irradiance on growth: implications for mangrove forest structure along salinity gradients. Trees 16(2), 126-139.

Banakar MH, Ranjbar G (2010) Evaluation of salt tolerance of pistachio cultivars at seedling stage. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences 9, 115-120.

Bani-Nasab B (2005) Seasonal changes carbohydrate of nutrient and effect of foliar application and nitrogen application with alternative bearing of pistachio trees. Ph.D. Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture. Shiraz University. Iran.

Barazzouk S, Kamat PV, Hotchandani S (2005) Photoinduced electron transfer between chlorophyll a and gold nanoparticles. American Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 109(2), 716-723.

Bastam N, Baninasab B, Ghobadi C (2013) Improving salt tolerance by exogenous application of salicylic acid in seedlings of pistachio. Journal of Plant Growth. Regulator. 69, 275-284.

Behboudian MH, Walker RR, Torokfaivy E (1986) Effects of water stress and salinity on photosynthesis of pistachio. Scientia Horticulturae. 29, 251-261.

Chartzoulakis KS (2005) Salinity and olive: growth, salt tolerance, photosynthesis and yield. Agricultural Water Management. 78(1-2), 108-121.

Cowling RM, Campbell BM (1983) Definition of leaf consistence categories in the fynbos biome and their distribution along an altitudinal gradient in the South Eastern Cape. South African Journal of Botany. 2,176-185.

Duran-Zuazo VH, Martinez-Raya H, Aguilar-Ruiz J (2003) Salt tolerance of mango rootstock (Magnifera indica L. cv.Osteen). Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research. 1(1), 67-78.

Estefan G, Sommer R, Ryan J (2013) Methods of soil, plant, and water analysis. A Manual for the Wana Region. 170-176.

Ferguson B, Zhang X C (2002) Materials for terahertz science and technology. Nature Materials. 1(1), 26-33.

Flowers TJ, Troke PF, Yeo AR (1977) The mechanism of salt tolerance in halophytes. Annual Review of Plant Physiology. 28, 89-252.

Garcia-Sanchez F, Syvertsen JP, Martinez V, Melgar JC (2006) Salinity tolerance of “Valencia” Orange trees on rootstocks with contrasting salt tolerance is not improved by moderate shade. Journal of Experimental Botany 121, 1-10.

Genty B, Briantais JM, Baker NR (1989) The relationship between the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport and quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 990 (1), 87-92.

Heydari M, Sharafi Y, Tabatabaei SJ, Hokmabadi H (2021) How Pistachio Hybrid “P. Integerrima × P. Vera “ grows and responses to NaCl salinity. International Journal of Fruit Science. 21(1), 133-146.

Hokmabadi H, Arzani K, Grierson PF (2005) Growth, chemical composition, and carbon isotope discrimination of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) rootstock seedlings in response to salinity. Crop and Pasture Science. 56(2), 135-144.

Irigoyen JJ, Einerich DW, Sanchez‐Díaz M (1992) Water stress induced changes in concentrations of proline and total soluble sugars in nodulated alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants. Physiologia Plantarum. 84(1), 55-60.

Kalra YP, Maynard DG (1991) Methods manual for forest soil and plant analysis. Forestry Centre. Edmonton, Alberta, 125P.

Kamiab F, Talaie A, Javanshah A, Khezri M, Khalighi A (2012) Effect of long-term salinity on growth, chemical composition and mineral elements of pistachio (Pistacia vera cv. Badami-Zarand) rootstock seedlings. Annals of Biological Research. 3(12), 5545-5551.

Karimi HR, Ebadi A, Zamani Z, Fatahi R (2011) Effect of water salinity on growth indices physiological parameters in some pistachio rootstocks. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 34, 935-944.

Karimi HR, Zamani Z, Ebadi A, Fatahi R (2012) Effects of Water Salinity on Growth Indices and Physiological Parameters in Some Wild Pistachio. International Journal of Nuts and Related Sciences. 3(1), 41-48.

Karimi HR, Hasanpour Z (2014) Effects of salinity and water stress on growth and macro nutrients concentration of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Journal of Plant Nutrition. 37(12), 1937-1951.

Karimi HR, Maleki-Kuhbanani A, Roosta HR (2014) Evaluation of inter-specific hybrid of P. atlantica and P. vera L. cv. ‘Badami - Riz-e-Zarand’ as pistachio rootstock to salinity stress according to some growth indices and echo-physiological and biochemical parameters. Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry. 10 (30), 1-14.

Karimi HR, Kuhbanani AM (2015) The evaluation of inter-specific hybrid of P. atlantica× P. vera cv.‘Badami Zarand’as a pistachio rootstock to salinity stress. Journal of Nuts. 6(2), 113-122.

Karimi HR, Nasrolahpour-Moghadam S (2016 a) Male pistachio seedlings exhibit more efficient protective mechanisms than females under salinity stress. Scientia Horticulturae 211, 118-125.

Karimi HR, Nasrolahpour-Moghadam S (2016 b) Study of sex-related differences in growth indices and eco-physiological parameters of pistachio seedlings (Pistacia vera cv. Badami-Riz-e-Zarand) under salinity stress. Scientia Horticulturae. 202, 165-172.

Karimi H, Hassanpour N (2017) Effects of salinity, rootstock, and position of sampling on macro nutrient concentration of pomegranate cv. Gabri. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 40(16), 2269-2278.

Khan MH, Singha KL, Panda SK (2002) Changes in antioxidant levels in Oryza sativa L. roots subjected to NaCl salinity stress. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 24(2), 145-148.

Lawler DW (1995) The effect of water deficit on photosynthesis, In: N. Smirnoff (Ed.). Environment and Plant Metabolism. Milton Park‎, England: Bios Scientific Publishers.

Levitt J (1980) Responses of plants to environmental stresses. 2nd Volume, Water, Radiation, Salt and Other Stresses, Academic Press, New York.

Levy Y, Syvertsen JP (2004) Irrigation water quality and salinity effects in citrus trees. Horticultural Reviews. 30, 37-82.

Metheney PD, Reyes HC, Ferguson L (1998) Blended drainage water irrigation of pistachios, cv Kerman, on four rootstocks in the southern San Joaquin valley of California. Acta Horticulturae 470, 493-501.

Mickelbart MV, Arpaia ML (2002) Rootstock influences in ion concentrations, growth, and photosynthesis of ‘Hass’ avocado trees in response to salinity. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 127(4), 649-655.

Moeinrad H (2008) The relationship between some physiological traits and salt tolerance in pistachio genotypes. Desert. 13(2), 129-136.

Mohamad-khani A, Salehi MH (2005) Effect of salinity on uptake and transport of potassium level in pistachio. 9th Iranian Soil Science Congress. Karaj. P, 311-312.

Munns R (2002) Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant Cell Environmental. 25(2), 239-250.

Naeini MR, Khoshgoftarmanesh AH, Fallahi E (2006) Partitioning of chlorine, sodium and potassium and shoot growth of three pomegranate cultivars under different levels of salinity. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 29, 1835-1843.

Omamt EN, Hammes PS, Robbertse PJ (2006) Differences in salinity tolerance for growth and water‐use efficiency in some amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) genotypes. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science. 34(1), 11-22.

Orabi SA, Salman SR, Shalaby MA (2010) Increasing resistance to oxidative damage in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants by exogenous application of salicylic acid and paclobutrazol. Journal of Agricultural Science. 6(3), 252-259.

Paquin R, Lechasseur P (1979) Observations surunemethode de dosage de la prolinelibredans les extraits de plantes. Canadian Journal of Botany. 57(18), 1851-1854. https://doi.org/10.1139/b79-233

Sanden BL, Ferguson L, Reyes HC, Grattan SR (2004) Effect of salinity on evaporation and yield of San Joaquin valley pistachios. Acta Horticulturae. 664; Dol:10.17660 ActaHortic.2004.664.73.

Sefton CA, Montagu K, Atwell BJ, Conroy JP (2002) Anatomical variation in juvenile eucalypt leaves accounts for differences in specific leaf area and CO₂ assimilation rates. Australian Journal of Botany. 50(3), 301-310.

Silva C, Martinez V, Carvajal M (2008) Osmotic versus toxic effects of NaCl on pepper plants. Plant Biology. 52(1), 72-79.

Singleton VL, Orthofer R, Lamuela-Raventos RM (1999) Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin-ciocalteu reagent. In Methods in enzymology. Academic press. 299, 152-178.

Suriyan C, Chalermpol K (2009) Effect of salt stress on proline accumulation, photosynthetic ability and growth characters in two maize cultivars, Pakistan Journal of Botany. 41, 87-98.

Tabatabaei SJ (2006) Effects of salinity and N on the growth, photosynthesis and N status of olive (Olea europaea L.) trees. Scientia Horticulturae. 108, 432- 438.

Tavallali V, Rahemi M, Panahi B (2008) Calcium induces salinity tolerance in pistachio rootstocks. Fruits. 63(5), 285-296.

Tavallali V, Rahemi M, Maftoun M, Panahi B, Karimi S, Ramezanian A, Vaezpour M (2009) Zinc influence and salt stress on photosynthesis, water relations, and carbonic anhydrase activity in pistachio. Scientia Horticulturae 123(2), 272-279.

Tester M, Davenport R (2003) Na⁺ tolerance and Na⁺ transport in higher plants. Annals of Botany. 91(5), 503-527.

Wang Y, Nii N (2000) Changes in chlorophyll, ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase, glycine betaine content, photosynthesis and transpiration in Amaranthus tricolor leaves during salt stress. Horticultural Science and Biotechnology. 75(6), 623-627.

Yancey PH, Clark ME, Hand SC, Bowlus RD, Somero GN (1982) Living with water stress: evolution of osmolyte systems. Science. 217, 1214-1222.

Zaharieva M, Gaulin E, Havaux M, Acevedo E, Monneveux P (2001) Drought and heat responses in the wild wheat relative Aegilops geniculata Roth. Crop Science. 41(4), 1321-1329.

Zhang Y, Xie Z, Wang Y, Su P, An L, Gao H (2011) Effect of water stress on leaf photosynthesis, chlorophyll content and growth of oriental lily, Russ. Journal of Plant Physiolology 58(5), 844–850.

Zhu JK (2001) Plant salt tolerance. Trends in Plant Science. 6, 66–71.