Response of Almond Genotypes/Cultivars Grafted on GN15 ‘Garnem’ Rootstock in Deficit-Irrigation Stress Conditions
الموضوعات :Hossein Fathi 1 , Ali Imani 2 , Mohammad Esmaeel Amiri 3 , Jafar Hajilou 4 , Jaefar Nikbakht 5
1 - Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
2 - Temperate Fruit Research Center, Horticultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
3 - Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
4 - Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
5 - Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: growth parameters, rwc, GN15, SLW,
ملخص المقالة :
This study was conducted to evaluate the response of Iranian promisinglate blooming almond genotypes to deficit-irrigation stress on GN15 rootstock. One-year old plants subjectedto three deficit-irrigation, including moderate and severe stress (soil water potential, Ψsoil = -0.8 and -1.6 MPa, respectively) and a control treatment (Ψsoil= -0.33 MPa), were applied for six weeks to five grafting combinations. A factorial experiment was conducted with a CRD which included three irrigations factors, five genotype factors and three replications. Genotypes/cultivarsincluded: ‘K3-3-1’, ‘H’, ‘13-40’, ‘Sahand’ and ‘Ferragness’ grafted on GN15 rootstock. Deficit-irrigation stress caused a significant reduction in plant growth parameters such as fresh and dry weights of plant organs, leafnumber, and total leafarea and leaf relativewatercontent in all almond genotypes and cultivars. Specific leaf weight (SLW) and leafabscission also significantly increased in drought-treated plants compared to the control group. Total shoot length, individual leaf area, leaf dimension (length and width), stomatal size and frequency were decreased in response to deficit-irrigation treatments. In response to stress, the‘Ferragnes’ and ‘Sahand’ cultivars on GN15 rootstock showed the highest relative water content (RWC) among the genotypes and showed the smallest decrease in fresh and dry weights of organs. The ’13-40’ and ‘K3-3-1’ genotypes showed the greatest leaf abscission and a decrease in the total leaf area, (the most reduction in transpiration area).
Aasamaa K, Sober A, Rahi M (2001) Leaf anatomical characteristics associated with shoot hydraulic conductance, stomatal conductance and stomatal sensitivity to changes of leaf water status in temperate deciduous trees. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology. 28, 765-774.
Ali MA, Jabran K, Awan SI, Abbas A, Ehsanullah E, Zulkiffal M, Acet T, Farooq J, Rehman A (2011) Morpho-physiological diversity and its implications for improving drought tolerance in grain sorghum at different growth stages. Australian journal of Crop Science. 5(3), 311-320.
Arji A, Arzani K (2000) Growth response and prolin accumulation in three variety of Iranian olive to drought stress.Australian Journal of Agricultural Science. 10, 91-100.
|
133 |
Bacelar EA, Moutinho-Pereira JM, Conclaves BC, Lopes JI, Correia CM (2009) Physiological responses of Different Olive Genotypes to Drought Conditions. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 31(3), 611-621.
Baninasab B, Rahemi M (2007) Evaluation of Three Wild Species of Almond on the Basis of Their Morphological Characters. Journal of Plant Science. 2,61-67.
De Herralde F, Biel C, Save R (2003) Leaf photosynthesis of eight almond tree cultivars. Biologia Plantarum. 46(4), 557-561.
De la Guardia MD, Felipe AJ, Alca´ntara E, Fournier JM, Romera FJ (1995) Evaluation of experimental peach rootstocks grown in nutrient solutions for tolerance to iron stress. Iron nutrition in soils and plants. pp. 201–205. In: Abadı´a, J. (Ed.). Iron nutrition in soils and plants. Kluwer Acad. Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
Dichio B, Xiloyannis C, Sofo A, Montanaro G (2007) Effects of Postharvest Regulated Deficit Irrigation on Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Partitioning, Yield Quality and Vegetative Growth of Peach Trees. Plant and Soil. 290,127-137.
Fanizza G, Reina A (1990) Response of Amygdaluscommunis and Amygdaluswebbii Seedlings to Water Stress. 23th International Horticultural Congress, Firenze, Italy. pp. 474 (abst.).
Felipe AJ (2009) ‘Felinem’, ‘Garnem’, and ‘Monegro’ Almond × Peach Hybrid Rootstocks. HortScience. 44(1), 196–197.
Fereres E, Aldrich TM, Schulbach H, Martinich, DA (1981) Responses of young almond trees to late-season drought.California Agriculture. July–August, 11–12.
Gholami M, Rahemi M, Kholdebarin B (2010) Effect of Drought Stress Induced by Polyethylene Glycol on Seed Germination of Four Wild Almond Species. Australian Journal of Basic Applied Science. 4(5), 785-791.
Isaakadis A, Sotiropoulos T, Almaliotis D, Therios I, Stylianidis D (2004) Response to severe water stress of the almond (Prunus amygdalus) ‘Ferragnès’ grafted on eight rootstocks. New Zealand Journal of Crop. Horticultural Science. 32, 355-362.
Karimi S, Yadollahi A, Arzani K (2013) Responses of Almond Genotypes to Osmotic Stress Induced In Vitro. Journal of Nuts. 4(4),1-7.
Kester DE, Gradiziel TM (1996) Almonds. In: Janick J, Moore JN, (Ed.). Fruit Breeding, Vol. 3: Nuts. John Willey and Sons, New York. pp. 1-97.
Kirnak H, Kaya C, Tas I, Higgs D (2001) The Influences of Water Deficit on Vegetative Growth, Physiology, Fruit Yield and Quality in Eggplants. Bulgarian Journal of Plant Physiology. 27(3-4), 34-46.
Krause SC, Raffa KF, Wagner MR (1993) Tree Response to Stress: a Role in Sawfly Outbreaks. pp. 211-227. In: Wagner MR, and Raffa KF, (eds.) Sawfly life history adaptations to woody plants. Academic Press, New York.
Liu B, Cheng L, Ma F, Zou Y, Liang D (2012) Growth, Biomass Allocation, and Water Use Efficiency of 31 Apple Cultivars Grown Under Two Water Regimes. Agroforestry Systems. 84(2), 117-129.
Manuela MC, Joao PM, Joao SP (2003) Understanding Plant Responses to Drought from Genes to the Whole Plant. Funct. Functional Plant Biology. 30(3), 239-264.
Martinez XD (2010) Effects of Irrigation and Nitrogen Application on Vegetative Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality in Peaches (Prunus persica L. Batsch Cv. Andross) for Processing. Lleida University, Spain, Ph.D Dissertasia.
Massai R, Gucci R (1997) Transpiration and water relations in three peach×almond hybrid rootstocks. Acta Horticulture. 449, 99–106.
Meister MH, Bolhar-Nordenkampf HR (2001) Stomata Imprints: a New and Quick Method to Count Stomata and Epidermis Cells. pp. 235-250. In: Reigosa-Roger MJ, (Ed.). Handbook of plant ecophysiology techniques.Kluver Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
Pinochet J, Calvet C, Herna´ndez Dorrego A, Bonet A, Felipe A, Moreno M (1999) Resistance of peach and plum rootstocks from Spain, France and Italy to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica. Hort Science. 34,1259–1262.
Rieger M, Lo Bianco R, Okie WR (2003) Responses of Prunus ferganensis, Prunus persica and Two Interspecific Hybrids to Moderate Drought Stress. Tree Physiology. 23, 51-58.
Sardabi H, Daneshvar HA, Rahmani A, Assareh, MH (2005) Responses of cultivated and wild almond to water stress. ActaHorticulturae. 726, 311–316.
Shao HB, Chu LY, Abdul-Jaleel C, Zhao CX (2008) Water-Deficit Stress-Induced Anatomical Changes in Higher Plants. Comptes Rendus Biologies. 331(3), 215-225.
Sircelj H, Tausz M, Grill D, Batic F (2007) Detecting different levels of drought stress in apple trees (Malusdomestica Borkh.) with selected biochemical and physiological parameters. Scientia Horticulturae. 113, 362-369.
Sorkheh K, Shiran B, Khodambshi M, Rouhi V, Ercisli S (2012) In vitro assay of native Iranian almond species (Prunus Spp. L.) for drought tolerance. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture. 105(3), 395-404.
Tanaka Y, Sano T, Tamaoki M, Nakajima N, Kondo N, Hasezana S (2005) Ethylene inhibits abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure in arabidopsis. Plant Physiology. 138, 2337-2343.
Xu ZZ, Zhou GS (2005) Effects of water stress and high nocturnal temperature on photosynthesis and nitrogen level of a perennial grass Leymus chinensis. Plant Soil. 269, 131-139.
Yadollahi A, Arzani K, Ebadi A, Wirthensohn M, Karimi S (2011) The response of different almond genotypes to moderate and severe water stress in order to screen for drought tolerance. Scientia Horticulturae. 129, 403–413.
