Evaluation of Serum Zinc Levels in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Compared with Non-diabetic Pregnant Women
الموضوعات :Hosnie Hoseini 1 , Afsane Sarabandi 2 , Mohammad Reza Rezaei 3 , Soudabeh Etemadi 4 , Azade Sarani 5 , Fatemeh Rezaei 6
1 - Department of Laboratory Sciences, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran
2 - Department of Nursing, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan,Iran
3 - Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4 - Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
5 - Department of Midwifery, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran
6 - Department of Midwifery, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: pregnancy, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), Plasma zinc,
ملخص المقالة :
Zinc is one of the main and essential elements in pregnancy that its deficiency in this period causes disorders of the maternal and fetal immune system and disorders of the metabolic systems in pregnant women, and its deficiency is often observed in pregnant women. In this study, the effect on pregnant women with gestational diabetes (GDM) compared to pregnant women without gestational diabetes (NGT) will be discussed. Methods: In this study, fresh blood samples were taken from 50 pregnant women with gestational diabetes and 50 pregnant women without gestational diabetes. Blood samples were taken from both groups in the third trimester of pregnancy and then the obtained values were analyzed by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry for Plasma zinc level (FAAS). Zinc levels in pregnant women with gestational diabetes were higher in comparison with pregnant women with non-gestational diabetes (93.4±77.57µmol/dl vs 66.35±53.74 µmol/dl). Conclusion: This study showed No significant differences between GDM and NGTwomen in the serum zinc levels.
1. Anetor J.I., Senjobi A., Ajose O.A., Agbedana E.O., 2009. Decreased serum magnesium and zinc levels: Atherogenic implications in type-2 diabetes mellitus in Nigerians. Nutr Health. 16 ,291-300.
2. Arnaud J., Preziosi P., Mashako L., Galan P., Nsibu A., 2010. Serum trace elements in Zairian mothers and their newborns. Eur J Clin Nutr. 48, 341-348.
3. Barbour L.A., McCurdy C., Hernandez T.L., Kirwan J.P., 2007. Cellular mechanisms for insulin resistance in normal pregnancy and gestational diabetes. Diabetes Care. 30,112–119
4. Bellamy L., Casas J.P., Hingoran I., Williams A.D., 2011. Type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 373,1773–1779
5. Bo S., Lezo A., Menato G., Gallo M.L., Bardelli N., 2005. Gestational hyperglycemia, zinc, selenium, and antioxidant vitamins. Nutrition. 21,186-191.
6. Borella P., Szilagyi A., Than G., Csaba I., Giardino Y., 2012. Maternal plasma concentrations of magnesium, calcium, zinc and copper in normal and pathological pregnancies. Sci Total Environ. 99 ,67-76.
7. Breskin M.W., Worthington-Röberts B.S., Knopp R.H., Brown Z., Plovie., 2009. First trimester serum zinc concentration in human pregnancy. Am J Clin Nutr. 38,943-953
8. Brito J.A., Marreiro D.N., Neto J.M., Silva D.M., Almondes., 2013. Enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase and zincemia in women with preeclampsia. Nutr Hosp. 28 ,486-490
9. Buchanan T. A., Xiang X., 2005. Gestational diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest. 115,485-491.
10. Chen M.D., Song Y., 2010. Zinc may be a mediator of leptin production in humans. Life Sci. 66, 2143-2149.
11. Coulston L., Dandona P., 2008. Insulin-like effect of zinc on adipocytes. Diabetes. 29,665-667.
12. Dodson G., Steiner D., 2009. The role of assembly in insulin’s biosynthesis. Curr Opin Struct Biol. 8,189–94.
13. Ejezie F., Nwagha E., 2011. Zinc Concentration during Pregnancy and Lactation in Enugu, South-East Nigeria. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 1 ,69-76
14. Gibson R.S., 2005. Assessment of trace element status. In: Principles of nutritional assessment. Gibson RS (ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. 20 ,99-120.
15. Goldenberg R.L., Tamura T., Cliver S.P., Cutter G.R., Hoffman H.J., 2009. Maternal serum alpha 2- macroglobulin and fetal growth retardation. Obstet Gynecol. 78, 594–599.
16. Hambidge K.M., Krebs N.F., Jacobs M.A., Favier A., Guyette L., 2012. Zinc nutritional status during pregnancy: a longitudinal study. Am J Clin Nutr. 37, 429-442.
17. Hussein H.K., 2005. Level of serum copper and zinc in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. J Fac Med Baghdat. 47, 287-289
18. Izquierdo-Alvarez S., Castanon S.G., Ruata M.L., Aragues E.F., 2007.Updating of normal levels of copper, zinc and selenium in serum of pregnant women. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 21, 49-52.
19. Jameson S., 2016. Effects of zinc deficiency in human reproduction. Acta Med Scand. 593,1-89.
20. Metzger B.E., Coustan D.R.,2010. Summary and recommendations of the Fourth International Workshop Conference on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care. 21, B161–B167.
21. Basu R., Breda E., Oberg AL., 2007. Mechanisms of age-associated determination in glucose tolerance, contribution of alterations in insulin secretion, action and clearance. Diabetes. 52, 1738-1748.
22. Buchanan T.A., 2011. Pancreatic Β-cell defects in gestational diabetes: implications for the pathogenesis and prevention of type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 86, 989-99.
23. Kimand J., Lee S., 2012. Effect of zinc supplementation on insulin resistance and metabolic risk factors in obese Korean women. Nutr Res Pract. 6, 221–225.
24. Liu J., Yang H., Shi H., 2010. Blood copper, zinc, calcium, and magnesium levels during different duration of pregnancy in Chinese. Biol Trace Elem Res. 135, 31-37.
25. Chaffee B.W., King J.C., 2012. Effect of zinc supplementation on pregnancy and infant outcomes: a systematic review. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 26,118–137.
26. Wang Y., Tan M., Huang Z., 2010. Elemental contents in serum of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Biol Trace Elem Res. 88,113-118.
27. Abdolsamadi H., Zamani M., Goodarzi M., 2012. Comparative Evaluation of Chromium and Cadmium in Gestational diabetes and healthy pregnant women. Iran J Endocrinol Metab. 13, 666-672.
28. Matthews D.R., Hosker J.P., Rudenski A.S., 2008. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and β-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 28,412–419
29. Genova M.P., Atanasova B., TodorovaAnanieva K., 2014. Plasma and erythrocyte zinc levels during pregnancy in Bulgarian females with and without gestational diabetes. Journal of Applied and Natural Science. 2, 661- 667.
30. Bo S., Lezo A., Menato G., 2005Gestational hyperglycemia, zinc, selenium, and antioxidant vitamins. Nutrition. 21,186-191.
31. Xiang A.H., Kjos S.L.,Takayanagi M., 2010. Detailed physiological characterization of the development of type 2 diabetes in Hispanic women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes. 59, 2625-2630.
32. Hussein H.K., 2005. Level of serum copper and zinc in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. J Fac Med Baghdat. 47, 287- 289
33. Buchanan T.A., Xiang A.H., 2005. Gestational diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest. 115, 485-491.
34. Wiernsperger N., Rapin J., 2010. Trace elements in glucometabolic disorders: an update. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 19, 70-72.
35. Meyer J.A., Spence D.M., 2009. A perspective on the role of metals in diabetes: past findings and possible future directions. Metallomics. 1, 32-41.
