• الصفحة الرئيسية
  • اهمیت مواد معدنی در تغذیه گونه‌های پرورشی اصلی صنعت میگو (مقاله مروری)

شارک

عنوان URL للمقالة


رقم المقالة : ASCIJ-2301-1460 (R1) زيارة : 230 الصفحة: 263 - 292

10.22034/ascij.2023.1978553.1460

نوع المخطوط: ابحاث

اهمیت مواد معدنی در تغذیه گونه‌های پرورشی اصلی صنعت میگو (مقاله مروری)

الموضوعات : فصلنامه زیست شناسی جانوری

مسلم شریفی نیا 1 (پژوهشکده میگوی کشور، موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بوشهر، ایران)

تاريخ الإرسال : 02 السبت , جمادى الأولى, 1444 تاريخ التأكيد : 14 الأحد , رجب, 1444 تاريخ الإصدار : 29 الإثنين , رجب, 1444

الکلمات المفتاحية: ریز مغذی, مواد معدنی, میگو, آبزی پروری, پرورش متراکم,

ملخص المقالة :

وجود مواد معدنی در غذای آبزیان به علت نقش حیاتی آنها در فعالیت های بدنی ضروری می باشد. میگوهای خانواده پنائیده آبزیان ارزشمندی هستند که به صورت گسترده در آب‌های گرمسیری و نیمه گرمسیری زندگی می کنند و بیش از نیمی از تولید ناخالص میگو در جهان را به خود اختصاص می دهند. هدف از مطالعه پیش رو بررسی دانش و اطلاعات موجود در زمینه تغذیه معدنی در میگوهای خانواده پنائیده می باشد. همچنین مطالعه حاضر به بررسی چگونگی تاثیر محیط آبی و چرخه زندگی میگو بر نیازها و نقش مواد معدنی در سلامت میگو خواهد پرداخت. علاوه بر موارد ذکر شده در این بررسی روش‌های تامین مواد معدنی میگوها از طریق آب یا خوراک و یا استفاده از مکمل های معدنی در جیره غذایی مورد بحث قرار گرفته‌اند. نتایج بررسی مطالعات مختلف نشان داد که برآورد نیاز رژیم غذایی برای اکثر مواد معدنی در گونه های اصلی پرورش میگو (Penaeus vannamei، Penaeus monodon و Penaeus japonicus) گسترده است و برخی از مواد معدنی ضروری مورد مطالعه قرار نگرفته اند. به علاوه، در زمینه الزامات مواد معدنی مهم مانند آهن، منگنز، سلنیوم و روی و همچنین سایر مواد معدنی کمیاب برای گونه های غالب میگوی پرورشی، اطلاعات جامع و کافی وجود ندارد و حتی در برخی موارد اصلا اطلاعاتی موجود نمی باشد. به عنوان مثال الزامات درشت مغذی منیزیم در مورد گونه P. monodon هنوز تایید نشده است. بطور کلی می توان نتیجه گیری کرد که دانش بیشتری برای شناخت نیازهای معدنی در مراحل مختلف زندگی میگوهای پرورشی، از جمله مراحل بحرانی پوست اندازی مورد نیاز است.

المصادر:


  1. Ahearn G., Mandal P., Mandal A. 2004. Mechanisms of heavy-metal sequestration and detoxification in crustaceans: a review. Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 174:439-452.
    2.
  2. Allan G.L., Maguire G.B. 1992. Effects of pH and salinity on survival, growth and osmoregulation in Penaeus monodon Aquaculture, 107:33-47.
    3.
  3. Andrews J.W., Murai T., Campbell C. 1973. Effects of dietary calcium and phosphorus on growth, food conversion, bone ash and hematocrit levels of catfish. The Journal of Nutrition, 103:766-771.
    4.
  4. Anger K. 2003. Salinity as a key parameter in the larval biology of decapod crustaceans. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 43: 29-45.
    5.
  5. Antony Jesu Prabhu P., Schrama J.W., Kaushik S.J. 2016. Mineral requirements of fish: a systematic review. Reviews in Aquaculture, 8:172-219.
    6.
  6. Aoyagi S., Baker D.H. 1994. Copper-amino acid complexes are partially protected against inhibitory effects of L-cysteine and L-ascorbic acid on copper absorption in chicks. The Journal of Nutrition, 124:388-395.
    7.
  7. Ashmead H. 1992. The roles of amino acid chelates in animal nutrition: summary and conclusion. Noyes Publications, Park Ridge NJ (1992), 479 pp.
    8.
  8. Baker D.H. 1986. Problems and pitfalls in animal experiments designed to establish dietary requirements for essential nutrients. The Journal of Nutrition, 116:2339-2349.
    9.
  9. Bautista M., Baticados M. 1990. Dietary manipulation to control the chronic soft-shell syndrome in tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon Fabricius, The Second Asian Fisheries Forum. Proceedings of the Second Asian Fisheries Forum, 17-22 April 1989, Tokyo, Japan. Asian Fisheries Society, 1990:341-344.
    10.
  10. Bell G., Higgs D., Traxler G. 1984. The effect of dietary ascorbate, zinc, and manganese on the development of experimentally induced bacterial kidney disease in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Aquaculture, 36:293-311.
    11.
  11. Boonchuen P., Jaree P., Tassanakajon A., Somboonwiwat K. 2018. Hemocyanin of Litopenaeus vannamei agglutinates Vibrio parahaemolyticus AHPND (VPAHPND) and neutralizes its toxin. Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 84:371-381.
    12.
  12. Boyd B. 2020. Typical Chemical Characteristics of Full-Strength Seawater. Global Aqua. Advocate.
    13.
  13. Boyd C.E. 2019. Water quality: an introduction. Springer Nature.
    14.
  14. Boyd C.E., McNevin A.A., Racine P., Tinh H.Q., Minh H.N., Viriyatum R., Paungkaew D., Engle C., 2017. Resource use assessment of shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei and Penaeus monodon, production in Thailand and Vietnam. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 48:201-226.
    15.
  15. Boyd C.E., Thunjai T. 2003. Concentrations of major ions in waters of inland shrimp farms in China, Ecuador, Thailand, and the United States. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 34:524-532.
    16.
  16. Brannon A.C., Rao K.R. 1979. Barium, strontium and calcium levels in the exoskeleton, hepatopancreas and abdominal muscle of the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio: relation to molting and exposure to barite. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, 63:261-274.
    17.
  17. Bursey C.R., Lane C.E. 1971. Ionic and protein concentration changes during the molt cycle of Penaeusduorarum. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, 40:155-162.
    18.
  18. Castille F., Lawrence A., 1989. The effect of deleting dietary constituents from pelleted feed on the growth of shrimp on the presence of natural food in ponds. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 20:22.
    19.
  19. Chen J.C., Lin C.H. 2001. Toxicity of copper sulfate for survival, growth, molting and feeding of juveniles of the tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Aquaculture, 192, 55-65.
    20.
  20. Cheng J.H., Liao I.C. 1986. Effect of salinity on the osmotic and ionic concentrations in the hemolymph of Penaeus monodon and penicillatus, 1. Asian Fisheries Forum, Manila (Philippines), 26-31 May 1986.
    21.
  21. Cheng K.M., Hu C.Q., Liu Y.N., Zheng S.X., Qi X.J. 2006. Effects of dietary calcium, phosphorus and calcium/phosphorus ratio on the growth and tissue mineralization of Litopenaeus vannamei reared in low-salinity water. Aquaculture, 251:472-483.
    22.
  22. Cheng K.M., Hu C.Q., Liu Y.N., Zheng S.X., Qi X.J. 2005. Dietary magnesium requirement and physiological responses of marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei reared in low salinity water. Aquaculture Nutrition, 11: 385-393.
    23.
  23. Codabaccus B.M., Carter C.G., Fitzgibbon Q.P., Trotter, A.J., Smith, G.G., 2020. Growth and biochemical composition of hatchery reared Scyllaridae lobster (Thenus australiensis) larval stages, nisto and juvenile first stage. Aquaculture, 524:735262.
    24.
  24. Conklin D. 1989. Vitamin requirements of juvenile penaeid shrimp. Advances in Tropical Aquaculture, Workshop at Tahiti, French Polynesia, 20 Feb-4 Mar 1989.
    25.
  25. Davis D., Arnold C. 1994. Estimation of apparent phosphorus availability from inorganic phosphorus sources for Penaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 127:245-254.
    26.
  26. Davis D.A. 1990. Dietary mineral requirements of Penaeus vannamei: evaluation of the essentiality for thirteen minerals and the requirements for calcium, phosphorus, copper, iron, zinc, and selenium. Texas A and M University. Libraries. Available electronically from https : / /hdl .handle .net /1969 .1 /DISSERTATIONS -1174753.
    27.
  27. Davis D.A., Boyd C.E., Rouse D.B., Saoud, I.P. 2005. Effects of potassium, magnesium and age on growth and survival of Litopenaeus vannamei post‐larvae reared in inland low salinity well waters in west Alabama. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 36:416-419.
    28.
  28. Davis D.A., Gatlin III D.M., 1996. Dietary mineral requirements of fish and marine crustaceans. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 4:75-99.
    29.
  29. Davis D.A., Lawrence A.L., Gatlin III D.M. 1992a. Evaluation of the dietary iron requirement of Penaeus vannamei. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 23:15-22.
    30.
  30. Davis D.A., Lawrence A.L., Gatlin III D.M. 1992b. Mineral requirements of Penaeus vannamei: a preliminary examination of the dietary essentiality for thirteen minerals. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 23:8-14.
    31.
  31. Davis D.A., Lawrence A.L., Gatlin III D.M., 1993. Evaluation of the dietary zinc requirement of Penaeus vannamei and effects of phytic acid on zinc and phosphorus bioavailability. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 24:40-47.
    32.
  32. Deshimaru O., Yone Y. 1978. Requirement of Prawn for Dietary Minerals. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 44:907-910.
    33.
  33. Domínguez D., Rimoldi S., Robaina L.E., Torrecillas S., Terova G., Zamorano M.J., Karalazos V., Hamre K., Izquierdo M. 2017. Inorganic, organic, and encapsulated minerals in vegetable meal based diets for Sparus aurata (Linnaeus, 1758). PeerJournal, 5(12):e3710.
    34.
  34. Emerenciano M.G., Rombenso A.N., Vieira, F.d.N., Martins, M.A., Coman, G.J., Truong, H.H., Noble, T.H., Simon, C.J., 2022. Intensification of Penaeid Shrimp Culture: An Applied Review of Advances in Production Systems, Nutrition and Breeding. Animals, 12: 236.
    35.
  35. Eroldoğan O.T., Kumlu M., Kır M., Kiris G.A. 2005. Enhancement of growth and feed utilization of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed supplementary dietary salt in freshwater. Aquaculture Research, 36:361-369.
    36.
  36. Frieden E. 1984. Biochemistry of the essential ultratrace elements. Springer Science and Business Media, 444 p.
    37.
  37. Galkanda-Arachchige H.S., Hussain A.S., Davis D.A. 2021. Fermented corn protein concentrate to replace fishmeal in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture Nutrition, 27:1640-1649.
    38.
  38. Galkanda-Arachchige H.S., Roy L.A., Davis D.A. 2020. Evaluation of an alternative salt mixture to culture Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in inland aquaculture. Aquaculture Research, 51:3540-3550.
    39.
  39. Galkanda-Arachchige H.S., Roy L.A., Davis D.A. 2021. The effects of magnesium concentration in low‐salinity water on growth of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Aquaculture Research, 52:589-597.
    40.
  40. Gao C., Yang J., Hao T., Li J., Sun J. 2021. Reconstruction of Litopenaeus vannamei Genome-Scale Metabolic Network Model and Nutritional Requirements Analysis of Different Shrimp Commercial Varieties. Frontiers in Genetics, 12:658109.
    41.
  41. Gao Y., Wei J., Yuan J., Zhang X., Li F., Xiang J. 2017. Transcriptome analysis on the exoskeleton formation in early developmetal stages and reconstruction scenario in growth-moulting in Litopenaeus vannamei. Scientific Reports, 7:1-15.
    42.
  42. Gatlin D.M., MacKenzie D.S., Craig S.R., Neill W.H. 1992. Effects of dietary sodium chloride on red drum juveniles in waters of various salinities. The Progressive Fish-Culturist, 54:220-227.
    43.
  43. Gatlin D.M., Wilson R.P. 1986. Characterization of iron deficiency and the dietary iron requirement of fingerling channel catfish. Aquaculture, 52: 191-198.
    44.
  44. Georgievskii V., Annenkov B.N., Samokhin V. 2013. Mineral nutrition of animals: studies in the agricultural and food sciences. Elsevier, Georgievskii, V., Annenkov, B.N., Samokhin, V., 2013. Mineral nutrition of animals: studies in the agricultural and food sciences. Butterworth-Heinemann, 488 p.
    45.
  45. Ghaffarizadeh A., Sotoudeh E., Mozanzadeh M.T., Sanati A.M., Ghasemi A. 2022. Supplementing dietary selenium nano-particles increased growth, antioxidant capacity and immune-related genes transcription in Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) juveniles. Aquaculture Reports, 25:101215.
    46.
  46. Ghaniem S., Nassef E., Zaineldin A.I., Bakr A., Hegazi S. 2022. A Comparison of the Beneficial Effects of Inorganic, Organic, and Elemental Nano-selenium on Nile Tilapia: Growth, Immunity, Oxidative Status, Gut Morphology, and Immune Gene Expression. Biological Trace Element Research, 200(12):5226-5241.
    47.
  47. Glantz R.M., Kirk M.D. 1980. Intercellular dye migration and electrotonic coupling within neuronal networks of the crayfish brain. Journal of Comparative Physiology, 140:121-133.
    48.
  48. Glencross B., Irvin S., Arnold S., Blyth D., Bourne N., Preston N. 2014. Effective use of microbial biomass products to facilitate the complete replacement of fishery resources in diets for the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Aquaculture, 431:12-19.
    49.
  49. Glynn J.P. 1968. Studies on the ionic, protein and phosphate changes associated with the moult cycle of Homarus vulgaris. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 26:937-946.
    50.
  50. Gombart A.F., Pierre A., Maggini S. 2020. A review of micronutrients and the immune system–working in harmony to reduce the risk of infection. Nutrients, 12:236.
    51.
  51. Greenaway P. 1993. Calcium and magnesium balance during molting in land crabs. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 13:191-197.
    52.
  52. Gupta P., Vaswani S. 2020. Basic information about vanadium ‘ultra-trace element or occasionally beneficial element’and its various functions in animals: A review article. Journal of Entomology and Zoological Studies, 8:645-653.
    53.
  53. Harpaz S., Hakim Y., Slosman T., Eroldogan O.T. 2005. Effects of adding salt to the diet of Asian sea bass Lates calcarifer reared in fresh or salt water recirculating tanks, on growth and brush border enzyme activity. Aquaculture, 24:315-324.
    54.
  54. Hertz Y., Madar Z., Hepher B., Gertler A., 1989. Glucose metabolism in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio): the effects of cobalt and chromium. Aquaculture, 76:255-267.
    55.
  55. Hessen D.O., Alstad Rukke N. 2000. The costs of moulting in Daphnia; mineral regulation of carbon budgets. Freshwater Biology, 45:169-178.
    56.
  56. Hou C., Wang F., Dong S., Zhu Y. 2011. The effects of different Ca2+ concentration fluctuation on the moulting, growth and energy budget of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone). Aquaculture Research, 42:1453-1459.
    57.
  57. Hynd P. 2019. Animal nutrition: from theory to practice. Csiro Publishing.
    58.
  58. Jobling M. 2012. National Research Council (NRC): Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp. Springer.
    59.
  59. John E.H., Ronald W.H. 2002. Fish nutrition. Academic Press, USA.
    60.
  60. Ju Z.Y., Deng D.F., Dominy W. 2012. A defatted microalga (Haematococcus pluvialis) meal as a protein ingredient to partially replace fishmeal in diets of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, Boone, 1931). Aquaculture, 354:50-55.
    61.
  61. Kanazawa A., Teshima S., Sasaki M., 1984. Requirements of the Juvenile Prawn for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Potassium, Copper, Manganese, and Iron. Journal of Fisheries Kagoshima University, 33:63-71.
    62.
  62. Katya K., Lee S., Yun H., Dagoberto S., Browdy C.L., Vazquez-Anon M., Bai S.C. 2016. Efficacy of inorganic and chelated trace minerals (Cu, Zn and Mn) premix sources in Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) fed plant protein based diets. Aquaculture, 459:117-123.
    63.
  63. Khalil H.S., Maulu S., Verdegem M., Abdel-Tawwab M. 2023. Embracing nanotechnology for selenium application in aquafeeds. Reviews in Aquaculture, 15(1):112-129.
    64.
  64. Khanjani M.H., Mozanzadeh M.T., Sharifinia M., Emerenciano M.G.C. 2023. Biofloc: A sustainable dietary supplement, nutritional value and functional properties. Aquaculture, 562:738757.
    65.
  65. Khanjani M.H., Sharifinia M. 2020. Biofloc technology as a promising tool to improve aquaculture production. Reviews in Aquaculture, 12:1836-1850.
    66.
  66. Khanjani M.H., Sharifinia M. 2021. Production of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus reared in a limited water exchange system: The effect of different light levels. Aquaculture, 542; 736912.
    67.
  67. Khanjani M.H., Sharifinia M. 2022. Biofloc technology with addition molasses as carbon sources applied to Litopenaeus vannamei juvenile production under the effects of different C/N ratios. Aquaculture International, 30:383-397.
    68.
  68. Koshio S., Davis D. 2011. Mineral requirements and current status of shrimp nutrition research. The Shrimp Book, pp: 485-490.
    69.
  69. Lall S. 2002. The minerals: In: Halver, JE, Hardy, RW (Eds.), Fish Nutrition (pp. 259-308). Academic Press. San Diego, California.
    70.
  70. Lall S., Milley J. 2008. Trace mineral requirements of fish and crustaceans. Trace Elements in Animal Production Systems, 203.
    71.
  71. Lall S.P. 2022. The minerals, Fish nutrition. Elsevier, pp. 469-554.
    72.
  72. Laramore S., Laramore C.R., Scarpa J., 2001. Effect of low salinity on growth and survival of postlarvae and juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 32:385-392.
    73.
  73. Lee M.H., Shiau S.Y. 2002. Dietary copper requirement of juvenile grass shrimp, Penaeus monodon, and effects on non-specific immune responses. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 13:259-270.
    74.
  74. Lemos D., Coelho R., Zwart S., Tacon A.G. 2021. Performance and digestibility of inorganic phosphates in diets for juvenile shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei): dicalcium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate, and monoammonium phosphate. Aquaculture International, 29:681-695.
    75.
  75. Lemos D., Phan V.N. 2001. Ontogenetic variation in metabolism, biochemical composition and energy content during the early life stages of Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeidae). Marine Biology, 138:985-997.
    76.
  76. Lemos D., Weissman D. 2021. Moulting in the grow‐out of farmed shrimp: a review. Reviews in Aquaculture, 13:5-17.
    77.
  77. Li E., Chen L., Zeng C., Chen X., Yu N., Lai Q., Qin J.G. 2007. Growth, body composition, respiration and ambient ammonia nitrogen tolerance of the juvenile white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, at different salinities. Aquaculture, 265:385-390.
    78.
  78. Lightner D.V. 2021. Noninfectious Diseases of Crustacea with an Emphasis on Cultured Penaeid Shrimp, Pathobiology of Marine and Estuarine Organisms. CRC Press, pp. 343-358.
    79.
  79. Lin S., Lin X., Yang Y., Li F., Luo L. 2013. Comparison of chelated zinc and zinc sulfate as zinc sources for growth and immune response of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Aquaculture, 406:79-84.
    80.
  80. Lin Y.H., Chen Y.T. 2022. Lactobacillus spp. fermented soybean meal partially substitution to fish meal enhances innate immune responses and nutrient digestibility of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) fed diet with low fish meal. Aquaculture, 548:737634.
    81.
  81. Lorentzen M., Maage A., Julshamn K., 1998. Supplementing copper to a fish meal based diet fed to Atlantic salmon parr affects liver copper and selenium concentrations. Aquaculture Nutrition, 4:67-72.
    82.
  82. McDowell L.R. 2003. Minerals in animal and human nutrition. 2nd edition. Elsevier.
    83.
  83. McNamara J.C., Faria S.C. 2012. Evolution of osmoregulatory patterns and gill ion transport mechanisms in the decapod Crustacea: a review. Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 182:997-1014.
    84.
  84. Mechlaoui M., Dominguez D., Robaina L., Geraert P.-A., Kaushik S., Saleh R., Briens M., Montero D., Izquierdo M. 2019. Effects of different dietary selenium sources on growth performance, liver and muscle composition, antioxidant status, stress response and expression of related genes in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Aquaculture, 507:251-259.
    85.
  85. Méndez L., Acosta B., Palacios E., Magallón F. 1997. Effect of stocking densities on trace metal concentration in three tissues of the brown shrimp Penaeus californiensis. Aquaculture, 156:21-34.
    86.
  86. Méndez L., Acosta B., Racotta I. 1999. Mineral concentrations in muscle and hepatopancreas of newly caught wild and hatchery-exhausted spawners of pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 8:17-26.
    87.
  87. Méndez L., Racotta I., Acosta B., Rodríguez-Jaramillo C. 2001. Mineral concentration in tissues during ovarian development of the white shrimp Penaeus vannamei (Decapoda: Penaeidae). Marine Biology, 138:687-692.
    88.
  88. Muralidhar M., Saraswathy R., Kumararaja P., Sukumaran S., Nagavel A., 2016. Application of minerals in shrimp culture systems. CIBA Extension Series, No. 52.
    89.
  89. Naghii M., Samman S. 1993. The role of boron in nutrition and metabolism. Progress in Food and Nutrition Science, 17:331-349.
    90.
  90. Nesapriyam P.J., Mathew R., Vidya A., Rajalekshmi M., Kaippilly, D., Geeji M. 2022. Mineral supplementation in low saline culture of Pacific white shrimp: Effects on growth and water quality. Aquaculture Research, 53:2501-2508.
    91.
  91. Niu J., Liu Y.J., Tian L.X., Mai K.S., Yang H.J., Ye C.X., Gao W. 2008. Effect of dietary phosphorus sources and varying levels of supplemental phosphorus on survival, growth and body composition of postlarval shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Aquaculture Nutrition, 14:472-479.
    92.
  92. Paez-Osuna F., Ruiz-Fernandez C. 1995. Trace metals in the Mexican shrimp Penaeus vannamei from estuarine and marine environments. Environmental Pollution, 87:243-247.
    93.
  93. Parmenter K., Bisesi J., Young S., Klaine S., Atwood H., Browdy C., Tomasso J. 2009. Culture of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in a mixed-ion solution. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 71:134-137.
    94.
  94. Partridge G., Lymbery A. 2008. The effect of salinity on the requirement for potassium by barramundi (Lates calcarifer) in saline groundwater. Aquaculture, 278:164-170.
    95.
  95. Peñaflorida V.D. 1999. Interaction between dietary levels of calcium and phosphorus on growth of juvenile shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Aquaculture, 172:281-289.
    96.
  96. Piedad-Pascual F. 1989. Mineral requirement of penaeids, Advances in Tropical Aquaculture, Workshop at Tahiti, French Polynesia, 20 Feb-4 Mar 1989.
    97.
  97. Prapaiwong N., Boyd C.E. 2012. Effects of major water quality variables on shrimp production in inland, low‐salinity ponds in Alabama. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 43:349-361.
    98.
  98. Qian D., Xu C., Chen C., Qin J.G., Chen L., Li E. 2020. Toxic effect of chronic waterborne copper exposure on growth, immunity, anti-oxidative capacity and gut microbiota of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 100: 445-455.
    99.
  99. Qiu X., Davis D. 2017. Effects of dietary phytase supplementation on growth performance and apparent digestibility coefficients of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture Nutrition, 23:942-951.
    100.
  100. Qiu X., Tian H., Davis D. 2018. Evaluation of a fish meal analogue as a replacement for fish meal in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture Nutrition, 24:979-990.
    101.
  101. Qiu X., Tian H., Davis D.A. 2017. Evaluation of a high protein distiller's dried grains product as a protein source in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 480:1-10.
    102.
  102. Rider S.A. 2009. The roles of organic and inorganic zinc and selenium sources in the nutrition and promotion of health in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Department of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth Theses.
    103.
  103. Robinson E.H., LaBomascus D., Brown P.B., Linton T.L. 1987. Dietary calcium and phosphorus requirements of Oreochromis aureus reared in calcium-free water. Aquaculture, 64:267-276.
    104.
  104. Robinson E.H., Rawles S.D., Yette H.E., Greene L.W. 1984. An estimate of the dietary calcium requirement of fingerling Tilapia aurea reared in calcium-free water. Aquaculture, 41: 389-393.
    105.
  105. Rødde R.H., Einbu A., Vårum K.M. 2008. A seasonal study of the chemical composition and chitin quality of shrimp shells obtained from northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis). Carbohydrate Polymers, 71:388-393.
    106.
  106. Rojas G., Silva J., Flores J.A., Rodriguez A., Ly M., Maldonado H., 2005. Adsorption of chromium onto cross-linked chitosan. Separation and Purification Technology, 44:31-36.
    107.
  107. Romano N., Koh C.B., Ng W.K. 2015. Dietary microencapsulated organic acids blend enhances growth, phosphorus utilization, immune response, hepatopancreatic integrity and resistance against Vibrio harveyi in white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 435:228-236.
    108.
  108. Romano N., Zeng C. 2012. Osmoregulation in decapod crustaceans: implications to aquaculture productivity, methods for potential improvement and interactions with elevated ammonia exposure. Aquaculture, 334:12-23.
    109.
  109. Roy L., Davis D., Saoud I., Henry R., 2007a. Supplementation of potassium, magnesium and sodium chloride in practical diets for the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, reared in low salinity waters. Aquaculture Nutrition, 13:104-113.
    110.
  110. Roy L.A. 2006. Physiological and nutritional requirements for the culture of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in low salinity waters. Auburn University.
    111.
  111. Roy L.A., Davis D.A., Saoud I.P., Henry R.P. 2007b. Effects of varying levels of aqueous potassium and magnesium on survival, growth, and respiration of the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, reared in low salinity waters. Aquaculture, 262:461-469.
    112.
  112. Rupp U., Ziegler A. 2019. The effect of exuviae ingestion on lysosomal calcium accumulation and the presence of exosomes in the hepatopancreas of Porcellio scaber. Journal of Structural Biology, 208:107392.
    113.
  113. Saffari S., Keyvanshokooh S., Zakeri M., Johari, S., Pasha‐Zanoosi, H., 2017. Effects of different dietary selenium sources (sodium selenite, selenomethionine and nanoselenium) on growth performance, muscle composition, blood enzymes and antioxidant status of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquaculture Nutrition, 23:611-617.
    114.
  114. Sarac H., McMeniman N., Thaggard H., Gravel M., Tabrett S., Saunders J. 1994. Relationships between the weight and chemical composition of exuvia and whole body of the black tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon. Aquaculture, 119:249-258.
    115.
  115. Selle P.H., Cowieson A.J., Ravindran V., 2009. Consequences of calcium interactions with phytate and phytase for poultry and pigs. Livestock Science, 124:126-141.
    116.
  116. Shankar A.H., Prasad A.S. 1998. Zinc and immune function: the biological basis of altered resistance to infection. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 68:447S-463S.
    117.
  117. Shi B., Tao X., Betancor M.B., Lu J., Tocher D.R., Meng F., Figueiredo-Silva C., Zhou Q., Jiao L., Jin M. 2021a. Dietary chromium modulates glucose homeostasis and induces oxidative stress in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Aquatic Toxicology, 240:105967.
    118.
  118. Shi B., Yuan Y., Jin M., Betancor M.B., Tocher D.R., Jiao L., Song D., Zhou Q. 2021b. Transcriptomic and physiological analyses of hepatopancreas reveal the key metabolic changes in response to dietary copper level in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 532:736060.
    119.
  119. Shiau S.Y., Jiang L.C. 2006. Dietary zinc requirements of grass shrimp, Penaeus monodon, and effects on immune responses. Aquaculture, 254:476-482.
    120.
  120. Shiau S.Y., Lung C.Q. 1993. Estimation of the vitamin B12 requirement of the grass shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Aquaculture, 117:157-163.
    121.
  121. Shiau S., Tseng H. 2007. Dietary calcium requirements of juvenile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus× aureus, reared in fresh water. Aquaculture Nutrition, 13:298-303.
    122.
  122. Simon, C., Salini, M., Irvin, S., Blyth, D., Bourne, N., Smullen, R., 2019. The effect of poultry protein concentrates and phosphorus supplementation on growth, digestibility and nutrient retention efficiency in barramundi Lates calcarifer. Aquaculture, 498:305-314.
    123.
  123. Sritunyalucksana K., Intaraprasong A., Sa-nguanrut P., Filer K., Fegan D.F., 2011. Organic selenium supplementation promotes shrimp growth and disease resistance to Taura syndrome virus. ScienceAsia, 37:24-30.
    124.

Stevenson J. 1985. The Biology of Crustacea-integument, pigments and hormonal processes. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 61(2):1986.

  1. Strausfeld N., Bassemir U. 1983. Cobalt-coupled neurons of a giant fibre system in Diptera. Journal of Neurocytology, 12:971-991.
    2.
  2. Sun, S., Qin, J., Yu, N., Ge, X., Jiang, H., Chen, L., 2013. Effect of dietary copper on the growth performance, non-specific immunity and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila of juvenile Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 34:1195-1201.
    3.
  3. Tacon A.G. 1992. Nutritional fish pathology: morphological signs of nutrient deficiency and toxicity in farmed fish. Food and Agriculture Org.
    4.
  4. Tassanakajon A., Somboonwiwat K., Supungul P., Tang S. 2013. Discovery of immune molecules and their crucial functions in shrimp immunity. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 34:954-967.
    5.
  5. Tavabe K.R., Rafiee G., Frinsko M., Daniels H. 2013. Effects of different calcium and magnesium concentrations separately and in combination on Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) larviculture. Aquaculture, 412:160-166.
    6.
  6. Travis D.F. 1955. The molting cycle of the spiny lobster, Panulirus argus III. Physiological changes which occur in the blood and urine during the normal molting cycle. The Biological Bulletin, 109:484-503.
    7.
  7. Truong H.H., Hines B.M., Emerenciano M.G., Blyth D., Berry S., Noble T.H., Bourne N.A., Wade N., Rombenso A.N., Simon C.J., 2022. Mineral nutrition in penaeid shrimp. Reviews in Aquaculture, 2023:1-19.
    8.
  8. Truong H.H., Moss A.F., Bourne N.A., Simon C.J. 2020. Determining the Importance of Macro and Trace Dietary Minerals on Growth and Nutrient Retention in Juvenile Penaeus monodon. Animals, 10:2086.
    9.
  9. Underwood E.J., Suttle N.F. 1999. The mineral nutrition of livestock. 4th Edition, CAB International, Cambridge, USA.
    10.
  10. Vijayan K.a., Diwan A. 1996. Fluctuations in Ca, Mg and P levels in the hemolymph, muscle, midgut gland and exoskeleton during the moult cycle of the Indian white prawn, Penaeus indicus (Decapoda: Penaeidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, 114:91-97.
    11.
  11. Wang Y.C., Chang P.S., Chen H.Y. 2007. Tissue expressions of nine genes important to immune defence of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish and shellfish Immunology, 23:1161-1177.
    12.
  12. Wood C.M., Farrell A.P., Brauner C.J. 2012. Homeostasis and toxicology of essential metals. Academic Press.
    13.
  13. Wurts W.A., Durborow R.M. 1992. Interactions of pH, carbon dioxide, alkalinity and hardness in fish ponds.
    14.
  14. Xie S., Wei D., Tian L., Liu Y. 2021. Dietary supplementation of chenodeoxycholic acid improved the growth performance, immune response and intestinal health of juvenile Penaeus monodon fed a low fish-meal diet. Aquaculture Reports, 20:100773.
    15.
  15. Ye L., Jiang S., Zhu X., Yang Q., Wen W., Wu K. 2009. Effects of salinity on growth and energy budget of juvenile Penaeus monodon. Aquaculture, 290:140-144.
    16.
  16. Yeh S.T., Liu C.H., Chen J.C. 2004. Effect of copper sulfate on the immune response and susceptibility to Vibrio alginolyticus in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 17:437-446.
    17.
  17. Yuan Y., Jin, M., Xiong J., Zhou Q. 2019. Effects of dietary dosage forms of copper supplementation on growth, antioxidant capacity, innate immunity enzyme activities and gene expressions for juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 84:1059-1067.
    18.
  18. Yúfera M., Kolkovski S., Fernández-Dıaz C., Dabrowski K. 2002. Free amino acid leaching from a protein-walled microencapsulated diet for fish larvae. Aquaculture, 214:273-287.
    19.
  19. Zanotto F., Wheatly M. 2002. Calcium balance in crustaceans: nutritional aspects of physiological regulation. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 133:645-660.
    20.
  20. Zanotto F.P., Pinheiro F., Sá M.G. 2009. The importance of dietary calcium consumption in two species of semi-terrestrial grapsoid crabs. Iheringia Série Zoologia, 99:295-300.
    21.
  21. Zhang Q., Li F., Wang B., Zhang J., Liu Y., Zhou Q., Xiang J. 2007. The mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase gene in Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis: cloning, distribution and expression. Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 31:429-440.
    22.
  22. Zhou Y., Zhang D., Peatman E., Rhodes M.A., Liu J., Davis D.A. 2017. Effects of various levels of dietary copper supplementation with copper sulfate and copper hydroxychloride on Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei performance and microbial communities. Aquaculture, 476:94-105.
    23.
  23. Zhu C.B., Dong S.L., Wang F., Zhang H.H., 2006. Effects of seawater potassium concentration on the dietary potassium requirement of Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 258:543-550.
    24.

 

 

_||_

سند

Sanad is a platform for managing Azad University publications

الروابط

المراكز ذات الصلة

دعامة

الصفحات الرسمية

حقوق هذا الموقع الإلكتروني مملوكة لنظام SANAD Press Management. © 1442-1446

الصفحة الرئيسية| دخول| معلومات عنا| اتصل بنا|
[English] [فارسی] [en] [fa]