Comparing the effect of aerobic exercise in clean and polluted air on the responses of interleukin-6 and Reactive Protein-C in the active people
الموضوعات : Exercise Physiology and Performance
Naser Rabbani
1
,
Farzaneh Taghian
2
1 - Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
2 - Department of Sports Physiology, School of Sports Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: Aerobic exercise, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, pollution index, Polluted air,
ملخص المقالة :
Background: Athletes and people participating in sports activities are at risk due to the inhalation of pollutants. This study aimed to compare the effect of one session of aerobic exercise in clean and polluted air on the response of some inflammatory factors in active people.Methods: 10 active men with at least three years of regular exercise training were selected. Their blood samples were collected on two separate days, in polluted air with an air quality index (Air quality index, or AQI) of 120 in the alert state (orange) and 59 days later in clean air with an AQI of 52 in a clean state (yellow), before, immediately after conducting a block field test, with an intensity of 69-55% of maximal heart ratem, and 24 hours after the activity in a sitting position, on the chair and from a left brachial vein, to determine the amounts of IL-6 and C-reactive protein by ELISA method. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used.Results: The levels of IL-6 immediately after exercise and 24 hours after exercise in polluted air showed a significant increase compared to clean air. Although C-reactive protein levels increased after exercise with exposure to high concentrations of pollutants, this increase was not statistically significant.Conclusion: Aerobic exercise subjected to a high concentration of pollutants compared to clean air causes a significant increase in serum levels of some cardiovascular disease predictive factors, such as interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein.
1-Gurer H, Ercal N. Can antioxidants be beneficial in treatment of lead poisoning? Free Radic Biol Med 2000; 29(10) : 927-945. DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(00)00413-5
2-Etlik M, Tomur J, Ahmel H. The oxidant effectd of hyperbaric oxygenation and air pollution in erythrocyte membranes(Hyperbaric oxygenation in air pollution). Eur J Gen Med 2006; 3(1) : 21-28. DOI:https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/82356
3-Kymisis M, Hadjistavrou K. Short-term effect of air pollution levels on pulmonary function of young adults. The Internet Journal of pulmonary medicine 2008; 9(2).
4-Nikolic M, Nikic D, Stankovic A. Effect of air pollution on red blood cells inchildren. Polish J of environ stud 2008; 17(2) :267-71.
5-Peters A, von Klot S, Heier M, Trentinaglia I, Hormann A, Wichmann HE, Lowel H. Exposure to traffic and the onset of myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine 2004, 351:1721-1730. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa040203
6-Braga AL, Saldiva PH, Pereira LA, Menezes JJ, Conceicao GM, Lin CA, et al. Health effects of air pollution exposure on children and adolescents in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Pediater Pulmonol 2001; 31(2) : 106-13.DOI: 10.1002/1099-0496(200102)31:2<106::aid-ppul1017>3.0.co;2-m
7-Kargarfard M, Rouzbahani R, Rezanejad S, Poursafa P. The effect of air pollution on cardio respiratory performance of active individuals.ARYA Aheroscler 2009; 5(2) :71-7.
8-Sorensen M, Daneshvar B, Hnsen M, Dragsted LO, Hertel O, Kudsen L, et al.Personal PM2.5 exposure and markers of oxidative stress in blood.Environ health perspect 2003 ; 111(2):161-6. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.111-1241344
9-Carlise AJ, Sharp NC.Exercise and outdoor ambient air pollution.Br J Sport med 2001; 35(4):214-22.
DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.35.4.214
10-Petersen AM, Peders~n BK. The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise. J Appl Physiol 2005 ; 98: 1154-1162. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00164.2004
11-Pedersen B.K. IL-6 Signalling in exercise and disease. The Authors Compilation Biochemical Society Transactions 2007; 35 : 1295-1297. DOI: 10.1042/BST0351295
12-Bahrami F, Esfarjani F, Marandi S. Effects of intermittent exercise in polluted and clean air on hemolysis of red blood cells in endurance runners.Journal of Isfahan medical school 2013; 212(2) :1845-1855.
13-Akbari H, Tartibiban B, Amir Sasan R. Effect of L-Carnitine supplement on IL-6 and CRP one duration swimming training in men swimmers.Journal of Olampic 2009; 48: 93-102.
14-Devlin R, Duncan K, Jardim M, Sanchez D, Rappold A.Controlled exposure of healthy young volunteers to ozone cause cardiovascular effects.Journal o the American heart 2012; 112:1-20. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.094359
15-Aronson D, Sella R, Ahmad MS, Kerner A, Avizohar 0, Rispler S, Bartha P, Mickiewicz W, Levy Y, Brook GJ . The Association Between cardiorespiratory Fitness and C¬Reactive Protein inSubjects With the Metabolic Syndrome. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2004; 44: 2003-2007.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.08.030
16-Brasil AR, Norton RC, Rossetti MB, Leao E, Mendes RP. C-reactive protein as an indicator of low intensity inflammation in children and adolescents with and without obesity. J Pediatr 2007; 83:477-480. DOI: 10.2223/JPED.1690
17-Akira S, Kishimoto T. IL-6 and NF-IL6 in acute-phase response and viral infection .Immunol Rev 1992 ; 127: 25-50. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1992.tb01407.x
18-Lightmen A, Ply SH. Cell immunology and moleculism.Tranc Amozegar A, Mohamadnia M. Mashhad , Iran: Medical Biotechnology Publiscations; 2007.
19-Guyton A, Hall J. Medical physiology. Chehr Publiscations; 2006.
20-Gray S.R, Clifford M, Lancaster R, Leggate M, Davies M, Nimmo M.A .The response of circulating levels of the interleukin-6/interleukin-6 receptor compex to exercise in young men. Cytokin 2009; 47:98-102. DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2009.05.011
21-Moreno EA, Cuelar CG, Ruiz ADV, Rojas-Barcho L, Osornio-vargas AR. Air pollution. health and environmental impacts. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2008.
22-Lodovici M, Bigagli E. Oxidative stress and air pollution exposure. J Yoxical 2011; 2011:487074. DOI: 10.1155/2011/487074
23-Arazi H, Demirchi A, Babae p. Effect of one and two session endurance- resistance training on redistribution of sub lokosit groups of men athletics blood. Lournal of Motion 2006; 36: 107-128.
24-zaldivar F, Rodriguez WR, Nemet D, Schwindt C, Galassetti P, Mills LD, Cooper DM . Constitutive Pro - and anti-inflammatory cytokine and growth factor response to exercise in leukocytes, J Appl Physiol 2006; 100 :1124-I 133. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00562.2005
25-Starkie R.L. Hargreaves M, Rolland J. Febbraio M.A. Heat stress, cytokines, and the immune response to exercise brain, behavior, and immunity 2005; 19: 404-412. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2005.03.005
26-Kouko R.Benjamini immunology. Trans Tajik N. Tehran, Iran: Samat Publiscations; 2012.
27-Dinarello AC. Interleukin-I and interleukin-I antagonism. Blood 1991; 77 : 1627-1652. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V77.8.1627.1627
28-Sales JC, Pizzi C, Brown S, Kaski JC. C-Reactive Protein, Clinical Presentation, and Ischemic Activity in patients with chest pain and normal coronary angiograms by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2003; 41: 1468-1474. DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(03)00243-2
29-Faramarzi M. The relation of physical activity,cardiovascular fitness and CRP plasma in athletes and nonathletes. Journal of Motion 2008; 36: 432.
30-KuIler LH, Tracy RP,Shaten J, Meilahn EN. C-reactive protein and coronary heart disease in the MRFIT nested case-control study. American Journal of Epidemiology 1996; 144:537-547. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008963
31-Ridker PM, Cushman M, Stampfer MJ, Tracy RP, Hennekens CH. Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men. The New England Journal of Medicine 1997; 336 :973-979. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199704033361401
32-Yin Xu, Kyra W. C-reactive protein and cardiovascular disease in people with diabet. University of Cincinnati (UC) Collage of Nursing, Cincinnati 2006; 23 : 1231-1235. DOI:10.1097/00000446-200608000-00027
