Long-term and microstructural studies of soft clay stabilization using municipal solid waste and Nano-MgO as an Eco-Friendly Method
الموضوعات :
Navid Khayat
1
(Department of Civil Engineering, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran)
ali ohadian
2
(Department of Civil Engineering, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.)
Mehdi mokhberi
3
(Department of civil engineering, Islamic Azad University, Estahban Branch, Estahban, Iran.)
الکلمات المفتاحية: Stabilization, Eco-Friendly, MSW, Nano-MgO,
ملخص المقالة :
This study provides a practical solution to manage non-hazardous waste and aid the environment. The largest group of non-hazardous waste is called municipal solid waste (MSW) which can be effectively used as an alternative material in civil projects. In this research, as an alternative to traditional modification methods of soil which causes global warming, the soft clay (Clay) was chemically modified by four different percentages of MSW in soil dimensions (15%, 25%, 35%, 45%) in 28 and 120 days. The optimum percentage of MSW addition (15%) to the Clay at the curing age of 28 days increased the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR) by 1.28 and 3.34 times, respectively. Given that higher percentages of MSW reduce the UCS and CBR in the specimens, four percentages of Nano-MgO, i.e., 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1% were used for stabilization. The specimens containing optimum percentages of MSW (15%, 25%) and stabilized with 1% Nano-MgO could improve UCS and CBR 2.34 and 5.59 times, respectively that results had better durability over 120-days which can be attributed to the CBR testing condition. The cause of the increase in UCS and CBR was investigated using microstructural analysis for 120 days of curing. The specimen with high durability approved the cement bond formation with Anorthite & Dolomite minerals. In conclusion, using optimum MSW and Nano-MgO effectively solved the Clay problems in suitable conditions and allowed higher percentages of MSW to be removed from the environment.
Afrasiabian, A., Salimi, M., Movahedrad, M., & Vakili, A. H. (2021). Assessing the impact of GBFS on mechanical behavior and microstructure of soft clay. International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 15(3), 327-337.
Ajami, F and Fataei, E.(2015) The Role of Environmental Impact Heavy Metals (Lead, Cadmium,Chrome) in Water of Meshkinshahr River for Agricultural, 5(30): 0976 – 0997
Aprila, Z. A. ., Hindersah, R. ., & Sofyan, E. T. . (2023). The effect of organic matter on soil organic carbon and water spinach grown in gold mine tailings . Current Research in Agricultural Sciences, 10(1), 41–49. https://doi.org/10.18488/cras.v10i1.3415
Arunthathi, S., Sivapriya, S. V., & Balaji, D. (2022). Assessing the compaction characteristics of modified soil with Incinerated municipal solid waste. Materials Today: Proceedings.
ASTM, D1883. Standard Test Method for California Bearing Ratio.
ASTM, D2166. Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength.
ASTM, D422. Standard test method for particle-size analysis of soils.
ASTM, D4318. Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils.
ASTM, D698. Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort.
Bagheri, P., Fataei, E., Karbassi, A.R. (2016)Reduction of greenhouse gas in National Iranian Oil Products istribution Company by Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research (IJBR), 7:260-270.
Bakhshizadeh, A., Khayat, N., & Horpibulsuk, S. (2022). Surface stabilization of clay using sodium alginate. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 16, e01006.
Bilgin, N., Yeprem, H. A., Arslan, S. Ö. N. M. E. Z., Bilgin, A., Günay, E., & Marşoglu, M. (2012). Use of waste marble powder in brick industry. Construction and Building Materials, 29, 449-457.
Bilondi, M. P., Toufigh, M. M., & Toufigh, V. (2018). Experimental investigation of using a recycled glass powder-based geopolymer to improve the mechanical behavior of clay soils. Construction and Building Materials, 170, 302-313.
Buritatum, A., Suddeepong, A., Horpibulsuk, S., Udomchai, A., Arulrajah, A., Mohammadinia, A., ... & Hoy, M. (2022). Improvement of tensile properties of cement-stabilized soil using natural rubber latex. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 34(4), 04022028.
Cheng, X., hong, X., khayatnezhad, M. & ullah, F. 2021. Genetic diversity and comparative study of genomic DNA extraction protocols in Tamarix L. species. Caryologia, 74, 131-139.
Consoli, N. C., Bittar Marin, E. J., Quiñónez Samaniego, R. A., Heineck, K. S., & Johann, A. D. R. (2019). Use of sustainable binders in soil stabilization. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 31(2), 06018023.
Consoli, N. C., Quiñónez Samaniego, R. A., González, L. E., Bittar, E. J., & Cuisinier, O. (2018). Impact of severe climate conditions on loss of mass, strength, and stiffness of compacted fine-grained soils Portland cement blends. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 30(8), 04018174.
Coudert, E., Paris, M., Deneele, D., Russo, G., & Tarantino, A. (2019). Use of alkali activated high-calcium fly ash binder for kaolin clay soil stabilisation: Physicochemical evolution. Construction and Building Materials, 201, 539-552.
Dang, L. C., Hasan, H., Fatahi, B., Jones, R., & Khabbaz, H. (2016). Enhancing the engineering properties of expansive soil using bagasse ash and hydrated lime. GEOMATE Journal, 11(25), 2447-2454.
EPA, Wastes - Non-Hazardous Waste - Municipal Solid Waste, (2013) 38–40. https://archive.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/web/html/.
European Commission, 2020. A new Circular Economy Action Plan For a cleaner and more competitive Europe. Brussels.
Farsani, M. H., Yengejeh, R. J., Mirzahosseini, A. H., Monavari, M., Hassani, A. H., & Mengelizadeh, N. (2022). Effective leachate treatment by a pilot-scale submerged electro-membrane bioreactor. Environmental science and pollution research, 29, 9218–9231 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16196-0.
Fataei, E., & Seiied Safavian, S. T. (2017). Comparative study on efficiency of ANP and PROMETHEE methods in locating MSW landfill sites. Anthropogenic Pollution, 1(1), 40-45.
Ge, L., Wang, C. C., Hung, C. W., Liao, W. C., & Zhao, H. (2018). Assessment of strength development of slag cement stabilized kaolinite. Construction and Building Materials, 184, 492-501.
Ghalambaz, M., Yengejeh, R. J., & Davami, A. H. (2021). Building energy optimization using grey wolf optimizer (GWO). Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 27, 101250.
Ghobadi, M. H., Abdilor, Y., & Babazadeh, R. (2014). Stabilization of clay soils using lime and effect of pH variations on shear strength parameters. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 73(2), 611-619.
Gholamin, R. & khayatnezhad, M. 2011. The effect of end season drought stress on the chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield in maize cultivars. Sci. Res. Essays, 6, 5351-5357.
Ghorbani, A., Hasanzadehshooiili, H., Mohammadi, M., Sianati, F., Salimi, M., Sadowski, L., & Szymanowski, J. (2019). Effect of selected Nanospheres on the mechanical strength of lime-stabilized high plasticity clay soils. Advances in Civil Engineering, 2019.
Gonzalez, J., Sargent, P., & Ennis, C. (2021). Sewage treatment sludge biochar activated blast furnace slag as a low carbon binder for soft soil stabilisation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 311, 127553.
Greenwood, N. N., & Earnshaw, A. (2012). Chemistry of the Elements. Elsevier.
Hadavand Khani, A., Rashidi, A.M., Kashi, G. (2017) Synthesis of tungsten nanoparticles by reverse micelle method, Journal of Molecular Liquids, Volume 241: 897-903.
Harsh, H., Moghal, A. A. B., Rasheed, R. M., & Almajed, A. (2022). State of-the-Art Review on the Role and Applicability of Select Nano Compounds in Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Applications. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 1-25.
Heidari Farsani, M., Jalilzadeh Yengejeh, R., Hajiseyed Mirzahosseini, A., Monavari, M., Hassani, A. H., & Mengelizadeh, N. (2021). Study of the performance of bench-scale electro-membranes bioreactor in leachate treatment. Advances in Environmental Technology, 7(3), 209-220.
Hemmati, S., Fataei, E., & Imani, A. A. (2019). Effects of Source Separation Education on Solid Waste Reduction in Developing Countries (A Case Study: Ardabil, Iran). The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management, 45(3), 267-272.
Hosseinzadeh, H., & Parvaneh, V. (2020). Meir–Keeler type contractive mappings in modular and partial modular metric spaces. Asian-European Journal of Mathematics, 13(05), 2050087.
Jalilzadeh, Y. R., Sekhavatjou, M. S., Maktabi, P., ARBAB, S. N., Khadivi, S., & Pourjafarian, V. (2014). The biodegradation of crude oil by Bacillus subtilis isolated from contaminated soil in hot weather areas.
Kamei, T., Kato, T., & Shuku, T. (2007). Effective use for bassanite as soil improvement materials-Recycling of waste plasterboard. Geotechnical Society Electronic Journals, 2(3), 245-252.
Kazemi Noredinvand, B., Takdastan, A., & Jalilzadeh Yengejeh, R. (2016). Removal of organic matter from drinking water by single and dual media filtration: a comparative pilot study. Desalination and Water Treatment, 57(44), 20792-20799.
Khajeh, A., Jamshidi Chenari, R., & Payan, M. (2020). A simple review of cemented non-conventional materials: soil composites. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 38(2), 1019-1040.
Lin, D. F., Lin, K. L., Hung, M. J., & Luo, H. L. (2007). Sludge ash/hydrated lime on the geotechnical properties of soft soil. Journal of hazardous materials, 145(1-2), 58-64.
Majeed, Z. H., & Taha, M. R. (2012). Effect of Nanomaterial treatment on geotechnical properties of a Penang soft soil. Journal of Asian Scientific Research, 2(11), 587-592.
Maleki, A., & Kharrat Sadeghi, M. (2022). The effect of source separation training on municipal waste reduction: A case study. Anthropogenic Pollution, 6(2), 10-15. doi: 10.22034/ap.2022.1966027.1135.
Masoumi, A., & Yengejeh, R. J. (2020). Study of chemical wastes in the Iranian petroleum industry and feasibility of hazardous waste disposal. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 18(2), 1037-1044.
Mirzababaei, M., Miraftab, M., Mohamed, M., & McMahon, P. (2013). Unconfined compression strength of reinforced clays with carpet waste fibers. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 139(3), 483-493.
Mohammadinia, A., Arulrajah, A., D'Amico, A., & Horpibulsuk, S. (2018). Alkali-activation of fly ash and cement kiln dust mixtures for stabilization of demolition aggregates. Construction and building materials, 186, 71-78.
Mola-Abasi, H., Khajeh, A., & Naderi Semsani, S. (2018). Variables controlling tensile strength of stabilized sand with cement and zeolite. Journal of adhesion science and Technology, 32(9), 947-962.
Muntohar, A. S. EVALUATION THE USING OF PLASTIC SACK RUBBISH AS FABRICS ON EXPANSIVE EMBANKMENT.
Nasiri, H., Khayat, N., & Mirzababaei, M. (2021). Simple yet quick stabilization of clay using a waste by-product. Transportation Geotechnics, 28, 100531.
Ouhadi, V. R., Yong, R. N., & Sedighi, M. (2006). Influence of heavy metal contaminants at variable pH regimes on the rheological behaviour of bentonite. Applied Clay Science, 32(3-4), 217-231.
Parvaneh, V., Bonab, S. H., Hosseinzadeh, H., & Aydi, H. (2021). A Tripled Fixed Point Theorem in C∗ -Algebra-Valued Metric Spaces and Application in Integral Equations. Advances in Mathematical Physics, 2021, 5511746. doi:10.1155/2021/5511746
Phummiphan, I., Horpibulsuk, S., Rachan, R., Arulrajah, A., Shen, S. L., & Chindaprasirt, P. (2018). High calcium fly ash geopolymer stabilized lateritic soil and granulated blast furnace slag blends as a pavement base material.
Roshni, S. and Jeyapriya, S.P. (2017), “Experimental study on the use of nano chemical and cement in the modification of subgrade”, Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res., 8(3), 1868-1872.
Saadat, M., & Bayat, M. (2022). Prediction of the unconfined compressive strength of stabilised soil by Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Non-Linear Regression (NLR). Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 17(1), 80-91.
Salehi, M., Bayat, M., Saadat, M., & Nasri, M. (2021). Experimental study on mechanical properties of cement stabilized soil blended with crushed stone waste. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 25(6), 1974-1984.
Salimi, M., & Ghorbani, A. (2020). Mechanical and compressibility characteristics of a soft clay stabilized by slag-based mixtures and geopolymers. Applied Clay Science, 184, 105390.
Sameenezhad, Z. and Fataei, E.(2015) Determining the Best Environmental Suitable Scenario for Municipal Solid Waste Disposal of Ardabil City by Life Cycle Assessment, Indian Journal Of Natural Sciences, 5(30): 0976 – 0997
Seco, A., Ramírez, F., Miqueleiz, L., & García, B. (2011). Stabilization of expansive soils for use in construction. Applied Clay Science, 51(3), 348-352.
Sekhar, D. C., & Nayak, S. (2018). Utilization of granulated blast furnace slag and cement 535 in the manufacture of compressed stabilized earth blocks. Construction and Building Materials, 166, 531-536.
Vakili, A. H., Ghasemi, J., bin Selamat, M. R., Salimi, M., & Farhadi, M. S. (2018). Internal erosional behaviour of dispersive clay stabilized with lignosulfonate and reinforced with polypropylene fiber. Construction and Building Materials, 193, 405-415.
Vijayan, L. V., & Jose, J. P. A. (2022). STABILITY STUDIES OF COHESIVE SOIL WITH NANO MAGNESIUM AND ZINC OXIDE. Materials and Technology, 56(2), 187-191.
Wolfgang, Dreybrodt (2004). "Dissolution: Carbonate rocks". Encyclopedia of Caves and Karst Science. pp. 295–298. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
