Investigating the use of PCM on the performance of solar water heaters in cloudy and sunny weather by using nanoparticles in their structure to reduce energy consumption in buildings
الموضوعات :
Saeed Samadzadeh Baghbani
1
,
Farivar Fazelpour
2
,
Hossein Ahmadi Danesh Ashtiani
3
1 - Department of Mechanical Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Iran, Tehran
3 - Department of Mechanical Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: PCM , Ansys Fluent , energy , buildings, structure , water heaters, nanoparticle,
ملخص المقالة :
Phase change materials in the structure of buildings reduce energy consumption and increase the storage of renewable energies .In this study, in order to investigate the effect of phase change materials on the performance of a solar collector in unstable weather conditions (cloudy weather) in Tehran, numerical simulation of the collector was carried out using Ansys Fluent software. For this purpose, four scenarios were examined and numerically simulated. In the first scenario, the performance of the solar collector was investigated in the stable weather conditions of Tehran city without the use of phase change material. The results showed that the desired solar collector can raise the water temperature to 38 degrees Celsius. In the second scenario, to investigate the effect of air instability and cloudiness on the performance of the collector, it was assumed that the solar radiation will decrease. The results showed that the temperature of the outlet water of the collector decreases from 38 degrees Celsius to 35 degrees with the reduction of sunlight. In the third scenario, the effect of using phase change materials on the performance of the collector in stable weather conditions was investigated. The results showed that the use of phase change material in the collector causes heat storage and increases the water temperature when the solar radiation decreases to 37 degrees Celsius. Also, the use of phase change materials in unstable weather conditions caused the water temperature to increase to 41 degrees Celsius.
[1] Marszal, Anna Joanna, and Per Heiselberg. "A literature review of Zero Energy Buildings (ZEB) definitions", 2009.
[2] Rothgeb, Stacey. Advanced Energy Design Guide for K-12 School Buildings (AEDG) Training: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-18-00761. No. NREL/TP-5500-80502. National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL), Golden, CO (United States), 2021.
[3] Edition, I. P., D. H. Erbe, M. D. Lane, S. I. Anderson, P. A. Baselici, S. Hanson, R. Heinisch, J. Humble, S. Taylor, and R. D. Kurtz. "Energy standard for buildings except low-rise residential buildings", 2010
[4] Evangelisti, L., Vollaro, R. D. L., & Asdrubali, F. Latest advances on solar thermal collectors : A comprehensive review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 114(August), 109318, 2019
[5] Gust, Devens, Thomas A. Moore, and Ana L. Moore. "Solar fuels via artificial photosynthesis." Accounts of chemical research 42, no. 12, 2009
[6] classnotes.org.in/class-10/life-processes/autotrophic-nutrition/2022
[7] El, Chaar, and N. El Zein."Review of photovoltaic technologies." Renewable and sustainable energy reviews 15, no. 5, 2011
[8] energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Photovoltaic_effect/2022
[9] Goswami, D., Kreith, F., & Kreider, J. Principles of solar engineering, 2009
[10] eia.gov/energyexplained/solar/solar-thermal-collectors.php/2022
[11] Selvakumar, N., H. C. Barshilia, and K. S. Rajam. "Review of sputter deposited mid-to high-temperature solar selective coatings for flat plate/evacuated tube collectors and solar thermal power generation applications." NAL Project Document SE 1025, 2010
[12] e-education.psu.edu/eme811/node/679/2022
[13] Kalogirou, S. A.Solar thermal collectors and applications. In Progress in Energy and Combustion Science (Vol. 30, Issue 3, pp. 231–295). Pergamon, 2004
[14] Jafar Kazemi, Farzad, Asadzadeh, Zargar, Arash, Investigation of parameters affecting the thermal efficiency of flat plate solar collectors, Renewable and New Energies Promotional Scientific Quarterly, 2017
[15] Palacio, Mario, Anggie Rincón, and Mauricio Carmona. "Experimental comparative analysis of a flat plate solar collector with and without PCM." Solar Energy 206, 2020
[16] Pause, B. "Phase change materials and their application in coatings and laminates for textiles." In Smart Textile Coatings and Laminates, pp. 236-250. Wood head publishing, 2010.
[17] ASHRAE 90.1,”Energy standard for building, except low rise residential”, 2010
[18] kulkote-inside.com/technical/2022
[19] S. Koohi-Fayegh, M. Rosen, A review of energy storage types, applications and recent developments, J. Energy Storage 27 (2020) 1–23.
[20] M. Albawab, C. Ghenai, M. Bettayeb, I. Janajreh, Sustainability performance index for rankong energy storage technologies using multi-criteria decision-making model and hybris computational method, J. Energy Storage 32 (2020) 1–25.
[21] I. Koronaki, M. Nitsas, E. Papoutsis, Thermal Energy Storage Systems for a Global Sustainable Growth: Current Status and Future Trends, 3, Bentham Science Publishers, 2018, pp. 70–118.
[22] C. Bott, I. Dressel, P. Bayer, State-of-technology review of water-based closed seasonal thermal energy storage systems, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 113 (2019) 1–16.
[23] A. Gautam, R. Saini, A review on sensible heat based packed bed solar thermal energy storage system for low temperature applications, Sol. Energy 207 (2020) 1–20.
[24] A. Kocak, H. Oztop, T. Koyun, Y. Varol, Review on sensible thermal energy storage for industrial solar applications and sustainabollity aspects, Sol. Energy 209 (2020) 135–169.
[25] C. Elias, V. Stathopoulos, A comprehensive review of recent advances in material aspects of phase change materials in thermal energy storage, Energy Proc. 161 (2019) 385–394.
[26] F.S. Javadi, H.S.C. Metselaar, P. Ganesan, Performance improvement of solar thermal systems integrated with phase change materials (PCM), a review, Sol.Energy 206 (2020) 330–352.
[27] C. Sreekumar, A. Veerakumar, Phase change material based cold thermal energy storage: materials, techniques and applications a review, Int. J. Refrig. 67 (2016) 271–289.
[28] G. Gholamibozanjani, M. Farid, Application of an active PCM storage system into a building for heating/cooling load reduction, Energy 210 (2020). P.T. Sardari, B.-.M. Roohollah, Energy recovery from domestic radiators using a compact composite metal Foam/PCM latent heat storage, J. Clean Prod. 257 (2020).
[29] D. Qin, Z. Yu, T. Yang, S. Li, G. Zhang, Thermal performance evaluation of a new structure hot water tank integrated with phase change materials, Energy Procedia 158 (2019) 5034–5040.
[30] H. Jouhara, N. Khordehgah, S. Almahmoud, B. Delpech, A. Chauhan, S. Tassou, Waste heat recovery technologies and applications, Thermal Sci. Eng. Prog. 6 (2018) 268–289.
[31] Y. Tao, Y. He, review of phase change material and performance enhancement method for latent heat storage system, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 93 (2018) 245–259.
[32] M. Vrachopoulos, M. Koukou, D. Stavlas, V. Stamatopoulos, A. Gonidis, E. Kravvaritis, Enhancement of solar thermal energy storage using phase change materials: an experimental study at greek climate conditions, Int. Rev. Mech. Eng. (IREME) 5 (2) (2011) 279–284.
[33] Z. Elmaazouzi, M. El Alami, H. Agalit, E.G. B., M. El Ydrissi, A comparative analysis of the performance of LHTES systems-case study: cylindrical exchanger with and without annular fins, AIP Conference Proceedings, 2019.
[34] A. Darzi, M. Jourabian, M. Farhadi, Melting and solidification of PCM enhanced by radial conductive fins and nanoparticles in cylindrical annulus, Energy Convers. Manage. 118 (2016) 253–263.
[35] S. Rostami, M. Afrand, A. Shahsavar, M. Sheikholeslami, R. Kalbasi, S. Aghakhani, M. Shadloo, H. Oztop, A review of melting and freezing processes of PCM/nanoPCM and their application in energy storage, Energy 211 (2020).
[36] B. Praveen, S. Suresh, Thermal performance of micro-encapsulated PCM with LMA thermal percolation in TES based heat sink application, Energy Convers. Manage. 185 (2019) 75–86.
[37] T. Alam, J. Dhau, D. Goswami, E. Stefanakos, Macro-encapsulation and characterization of phase change materials for latent heat thermal energy storage systems. Applied Energy Volume Appl. Energy Volume 154 (2015) 92–101.
[38] L. Yang, J. Huang, F. Zhou, Thermophysical properties and applications of nanoenhanced PCMs: an update review, Energy Convers. Manage. 214 (2020).
[39] M. Koukou, G. Dogkas, M. Vrachopoulos, J. Konstantaras, C. Pagkalos, K. Lymperis, V. Stathopoulos, G. Evangelakis, C. Prouskas, L. Coelho, A. Rebola,Performance evaluation of a small-scale latent heat thermal energy storage unit for heating applications based on a nanocomposite organic PCM, ChemEngineering 3 (88) (2019).
[40] F. Motte, G. Notton, C. Lamnatou, C. Cristofari, D. Chemisana, Numerical study of PCM integration impact on overall performances of a highly building-integrated solar collector, Renew Energy 137 (2019) 10–19.
[41] D. Guerraiche, C. Bougriou, K. Guerraiche, L. Valenzuela, Z. Driss, Experimental and numerical study of a solar collector using phase change material as heat storage, J. Energy Storage 27 (2020).
[42] M. Abuska, S. Sevik, A. Kayapunar, Experimental analysis of solar air collector with PCM-honeycomb combination under the natural convection, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 195 (2019) 299–308.
[43] M. Palacio, M. Carmona, Experimental evaluation of a latent heat thermal storage unit integrated into a flat plate solar collector as temperature stabilizer, 2nd International Conference on Green Energy and Applications (ICGEA 2018), Singapore, 2018.
[44] A. Koca, H. Oztop, T. Koyun, Y. Varol, Energy and exergy analysis of a latent heat storage system with phase change material for a solar collector, Renew Energy 33 (2008) 567–574.
[45] Hoshangi Navid, Al Sheikh, Ali Asghar, Helali, Hossein, Regional investigation of solar radiation potential by evaluating and optimizing interpolation methods in the country of Iran, Regional Planning Quarterly, Year 4, Number 16, Winter 2013
[46] solargis.com/Accessed 21 June 2020
[47] www.satba.gov.ir/ Accessed 22 June 2020
[48] Investigation of Thermal Performance for Atria: a Method Overview Leila Moosavi, Norafida Ghafar and Norhayati Mahyuddin Center for Urban Conservation and Tropical Architecture, Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya, Malaysia 2022
