پیش بینی اعتیاد به اینترنت بر اساس بهزیستی روانشناختی، پریشانی روانی، تنظیم هیجان و احساس تنهایی در بزرگسالان
خدیجه زارع
1
(کارشناس ارشد، گروه روانشناسی ، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، تبریز، ایران.)
سمیه رستم پور
2
(کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی بالینی ، دانشگاه اصفهان ، اصفهان ، ایران)
امید امانی
3
(دکترای تخصصی روانشناسی بالینی، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.( نویسنده مسئول))
الکلمات المفتاحية: اعتیاد به اینترنت, بهزیستی¬روانشناختی, پریشانی¬روانی¬, تنظیم¬هیجان, احساس تنهایی ,
ملخص المقالة :
اعتیاد به اینترنت یک مسئله جدّی در بهداشت¬عمومی در سراسر جهان است. مطالعات¬اخیر، حکایت از روند رو به افزایش این اعتیاد در بزرگسالان را دارد؛ بنابراین پژوهش¬حاضر به منظور پیش¬بینی اعتیاد به اینترنت براساس بهزیستی¬روانشناختی، پریشانی¬روانی¬، تنظیم¬هیجان و احساس¬تنهایی در بزرگسالان انجام شد. روش پژوهش حاضر، توصیفی از نوع همبستگی و نمونه پژوهش 200 نفر از شهروندان بزرگسال شهر تبریز در سال 1401-1400 به صورت نمونه¬گیری دردسترس انتخاب شدند. برای گردآوری داده¬ها از پرسشنامه¬های اعتیاد به اینترنت یانگ (1998)، بهزیستی¬روانشناختی ریف (2002)، پریشانی¬روانشناختی کسلر (2002)، دشواری در تنظیم¬هیجان رامر و گراتز (2004) و احساس¬تنهایی راسل (1996) استفاده شد و با استفاده از آزمون همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل رگرسیون خطی چندگانه مورد تجزیه¬و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج¬نشان¬داد که از¬بین چهار¬متغیر پیش¬بین (متغیرهای¬بهزیستی¬روانشناختی، پریشانی¬روانی، تنظیم‌هیجان و احساس-تنهایی¬بزرگسالان) سه متغیر بهزیستی¬روانشناختی، پریشانی روانی و تنظیم هیجان توانستند اعتیاد به اینترنت را پیش¬بینی کنند (05/0>p). جهت رابطه بین بهزیستی¬روانشناختی با اعتیاد به اینترنت منفی بود و جهت¬رابطه بین پریشانی¬روانی و تنظیم¬هیجان با اعتیاد به اینترنت، مثبت بود. یافته¬ها نشان داد احساس¬تنهایی نتوانست اعتیاد به اینترنت را پیش¬بینی کند. یافته¬هاي پژوهش حاضر نشان دهنده اهميت متغیرهای روان¬شناختی همچون بهزیستی¬روانشناختی، پریشانی¬روانی¬، تنظیم¬هیجان، در تبيين رفتارهاي اعتيادي همچون اعتياد به اينترنت در بزرگسالان است.
Amendola, S., Spensieri, V., Guidetti, V., & Cerutti, R. (2019). The relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation and dysfunctional technology use among adolescents. Journal of Psychopathology, 25 (1), 10-17. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331167465.
Alavi, Seyyed-Salman, Islami, Mahdi, Marathi, Mohammad Reza, Najafi, Mustafa, Jannatifard, Fereshte, and Rezapour, Hossein. (2011). Psychometric characteristics of Young's internet addiction test. Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 4(3), 183-189.
Arabi, Parvin., Bagheri, Nasreen. and Mirhashmi, Malik. (2022). Predicting dependence on virtual social networks based on emotional inadequacy, attachment styles, psychological well-being and feelings of loneliness. Psychiatric Nursing, 9 (1): 66-76.
Ebadi, Matina, Roshni-Khiavi, Alireza, Kazemi, Salim, Aini, Sanaz, Rezaei-Malajq, Rasool. (2022). Addiction to virtual space in students: the role of predicting educational alienation and psychological disturbance. Journal of School Psychology, 10(2), 102-85.
Del Líbano, M., Corbí, M., Gutiérrez-García, A., & Alonso-Centeno, A. (2021). Psychological Well-Being and Home Conditions during COVID-19 Confinement. Internet Addiction and Nostalgia as Mediators. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(14), 7386. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147386
Derevensky, J. L., Hayman, V., & Lynette Gilbeau (2019). Behavioral Addictions: Excessive Gambling, Gaming, Internet, and Smartphone Use Among Children and Adolescents. Pediatric clinics of North America, 66(6), 1163–1182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2019.08.008
Dear, Masoumeh. (2019). Structural analysis of emotions and Internet addiction with the mediation of feelings of loneliness in engineering students. Iranian Engineering Education Quarterly, 22(88), 43-56.
Furukawa, T. A., Kessler, R. C., Slade, T., & Andrews, G. (2003). The performance of the K6 and K10 screening scales for psychological distress in the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being. Psychological medicine, 33(2), 357–362. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291702006700
Gao, Q., Sun, R., Fu, E., Jia, G., & Xiang, Y. (2020). Parent-child relationship and smartphone use disorder among Chinese adolescents: The mediating role of quality of life and the moderating role of educational level. Addictive behaviors, 101, 106065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106065
Gratz, KL., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment; 26(3): 41-54. DOI:10.1007/s10862-008-9102-4
Jaradat, M., Jibreel, M., & Skaik, H. (2020). Individuals’ perceptions of technology and its relationship with ambition, unemployment, loneliness and insomnia in the Gulf. Technology in Society, 60: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2019.101199
Karaer, Y., & Akdemir, D. (2019). Parenting styles, perceived social support and emotion regulation in adolescents with internet addiction. Comprehensive psychiatry, 92, 22–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2019.03.003
Karakose, T., Yirci, R., & Papadakis, S. (2022). Examining the Associations between COVID-19-Related Psychological Distress, Social Media Addiction, COVID-19-Related Burnout, and Depression among School Principals and Teachers through Structural Equation Modeling. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(4), 1951. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19041951
Karakose, T., Ozdemir, T. Y., Papadakis, S., Yirci, R., Ozkayran, S. E., & Polat, H. (2022). Investigating the Relationships between COVID-19 Quality of Life, Loneliness, Happiness, and Internet Addiction among K-12 Teachers and School Administrators-A Structural Equation Modeling Approach. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(3), 1052. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031052.
Keles, B., McCrae, N., & Grealish, A. (2020). A systematic review: the influence of social media on depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adolescents. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 79-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2019.1590851
Kessler, R.C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L.J., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D.K., Normand, SL.T., Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. J., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S. L., Walters, E. E., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological medicine, 32(6), 959–976. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291702006074
Khanjani, Mahdi., Shahidi, Shahriar., Fath-abadi, Jalil., Mazaheri, Mohammad-Ali., and Shokri, Omid. (2013). Factorial structure and psychometric properties of the short form (18 questions) of RIF psychological well-being scale in male and female students. Thought and behavior in clinical psychology, 32(9), 36-27.
Khajste Mehr, Reza, and Shiralinia, Khadija, and Rajabi, Gholamreza, and Beshlideh, Kiyomarth. (2012). The effectiveness of emotion-oriented couple therapy on reducing depression symptoms and emotional regulation of troubled couples. Applied Counseling, 3(1), 1-18.
Klein, R. (2011). Principles and practices of structural equation modeling. (4nd Eds). NewYork: Guilford Press; P. 109.
Mahoney, J., Moignan, E. L., Long, K., Wilson, M., & Lawson, S. (2019). Feeling alone among 317 million others: Disclosures of loneliness on Twitter. Computers in Human Behavior, 98: 20-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.03.024.
Mak, K. K., Young, K. S., Watanabe, H., Ramos, M. S., & Nam, J. K. (2020). Crosscultural Measurement Invariance of the Internet Addiction Test-Revised (IAT-R) Among Japanese and Filipino University Students. Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking, 23(7), 479–486. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2019.0360
Mamun, M. A., Hossain, M. S., Siddique, A. B., Sikder, M. T., Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2019). Problematic internet use in Bangladeshi students: The role of socio-demographic factors, depression, anxiety, and stress. Asian journal of psychiatry, 44, 48–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2019.07.005
Marino, C., Gini, G., Vieno, A., & Spada, M. M. (2018). The associations between problematic Facebook use, psychological distress and well-being among adolescents and young adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of affective disorders, 226, 274–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.10.007
Masoom-Prest, Shiva., Zare Bahramabadi, Mahdi., Khoyini, Fatemeh. and Moradi, Hojjatullah. (2022). Compilation of psychological well-being model based on psychological capital. A new approach in educational sciences, 3(3), 67-59.
Mazloumzadeh, Mohammadreza, Ghanai Chamanabad, Ali. and Bagherzadeh, Fatemeh. (2022). The relationship between executive dysfunction and Internet addiction: the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulty. Roish Psychology, 10 (6), 150-139.
Moreno-Guerrero, A. J., Gómez-García, G., López-Belmonte, J., & Rodríguez-Jiménez, C. (2020). Internet Addiction in the Web of Science Database: A Review of the Literature with Scientific Mapping. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(8), 2753. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082753
Motavalli, R., Motavalli, V., Ejder Apay, S. (2021). The effect of coping methods in reducing anxiety among girls with premenstrual syndrome. Journal of Research in Psychopathology, 1(4), 32-36. doi: 10.22098/jrp.2021.1202.
Mund, M., & Johnson, M. D. (2020). Lonely Me, Lonely You: Loneliness and the Longitudinal Course of Relationship Satisfaction. Journal of Happiness Studies, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00241-9
Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B., & Xu, Y. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. General psychiatry, 33(2), e100213. https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213
Ricciardelli, LA., Quinn, AE., & Nackerud, L. (2020). Human behavior and the social media environment: group differences in social media attitudes and knowledge among US social work students. Social Work Education; 1(1): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2019.1710125
Rigon, A., Duff, M. C., & Beadle, J. (2019). Lonely But Not Alone: Neuroticism Mediates the Relationship Between Social Network Size and Loneliness in Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS, 25(3), 285–292. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617718001108
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Beyond Ponce de Leon and life satisfaction: New directions in quest of successful ageing. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 12(1), 35–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/016502548901200
Ryff C. D. (2014). Psychological well-being revisited: advances in the science and practice of eudaimonia. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 83(1), 10–28. https://doi.org/10.1159/000353263
Sarıalioğlu, A., Atay, T., & Arıkan, D. (2022). Determining the relationship between loneliness and internet addiction among adolescents during the covid-19 pandemic in Turkey. Journal of pediatric nursing, 63, 117–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2021.11.011
Sha, P., Sariyska, R., Riedl, R., Lachmann, B., & Montag, C. (2018). Linking Internet Communication and Smartphone Use Disorder by taking a closer look at the Facebook and WhatsApp applications. Addictive behaviors reports, 9, 100148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2018.100148
Soudani, Mansour., Shojayan, Mansour., and Nisi, Abdulkazem. (2011). The effectiveness of group meaning therapy on the loneliness of retired men. Research Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, 1 (2), 43-54.
Teques, P., Calmeiro, L., Martins, H., Duarte, D., & Holt, N. L. (2018). Mediating Effects of Parents' Coping Strategies on the Relationship Between Parents' Emotional Intelligence and Sideline Verbal Behaviors in Youth Soccer. Journal of sport & exercise psychology, 40(3), 153–162. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2017-0318
Trumello, C., Babore, A., Candelori, C., Morelli, M., & Bianchi, D. (2018). Relationship with Parents, Emotion Regulation, and Callous-Unemotional Traits in Adolescents' Internet Addiction. BioMed research international, 2018, 7914261. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7914261
Turel, O., Poppa, N. T., & Gil-Or, O. (2018). Neuroticism Magnifies the Detrimental Association between Social Media Addiction Symptoms and Wellbeing in Women, but Not in Men: a three-Way Moderation Model. The Psychiatric quarterly, 89(3), 605–619. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-018-9563-x
Widyanto, L., & McMurran, M. (2004). The psychometric properties of the internet addiction test. Cyberpsychology & behavior : the impact of the Internet, multimedia and virtual reality on behavior and society, 7(4), 443–450. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2004.7.443
Waziri, Shahram. and Lotfi Kashani, Farah. (2011). Identity styles and psychological distress. Thought and behavior in clinical psychology, 7(26), 86-77.
Young, K. S. (1998). Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. Cyberpsychology & behavior, 1(3), 237-244. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.1998.1.237
Zhang, H., Luo, Y., Lan, Y., & Barrow, K. (2020). The utility of combining respiratory sinus arrhythmia indices in association with internet addiction. International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology, 151, 35–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.02.011
Zhang, Y., Li, S., & Yu, G. (2020). The relationship between loneliness and mobile phone addiction: A metaanalysis. Advances in Psychology at ScienceDirect; 28(11): 1836-52. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2020.01836
Zarei Mahmoudabadi, Hasan, Yektafar, Mina. and Asadi, Samaneh. (2023). Prediction of Internet addiction based on parental affection and social skills, considering the mediating role of loneliness in students of Yazd city. Family Studies, 18(1), 121-134.
Zarei, Salman. and Foladvand, Khadijah. (2022). The relationship between family functioning and smartphone addiction in teenagers during the corona virus epidemic; The mediating role of self-esteem and feelings of loneliness: a descriptive study. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, 20 (11), 1179-1194.
Zhao, Y., Zhang, K., & Griffiths, M. D. (2022). Serial Mediation Roles of Alexithymia and Loneliness in the Association Between Family Function and Internet Addiction Among Chinese College Students. Frontiers in psychology, 13, 874031. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.874031.
