مروری بر مبانی و مفاهیم ارزیابی چرخه عمر ساختمان ها و روش های تحلیل آن
الموضوعات : Life Space Journalامیرحسین جانزاده 1 , ساسان مرادی 2 , مریم ارمغان 3
1 - پژوهشگر دکتری، گروه معماری، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران.
2 - استادیار، گروه معماری، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران.
3 - استادیار، گروه معماری، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران.
الکلمات المفتاحية: ارزیابی چرخه عمر ساختمان ها, محیط زیست, دی اکسید کربن, ساختمان, انرژی نهان, انرژی بهره برداری,
ملخص المقالة :
ارزیابی چرخه عمر (LCA) ساختمانها بهعنوان ابزاری موثر برای کاهش انتشار گازهای گلخانهای و اثرات زیستمحیطی، اهمیت بسیاری در مقابله با بحرانهای آبوهوایی دارد. با وجود آگاهی رو به رشد نسبت به رزیابی چرخه عمر ساختمان ها، اما دانش اجرایی در این حوزه همچنان محدود است، که این امر بهرهگیری کامل از پتانسیلهای این روش برای کربنزدایی در صنعت ساختوساز را دشوار کرده است. این پژوهش با بررسی روشها و اصول ارزیابی چرخه عمر و تحلیل سوابق مرتبط، به شناسایی و ارائه راهکارهایی برای کاهش اثرات زیستمحیطی و انتشارات مرتبط با ساختمانها در چهارچوب ارزیابی چرخه عمر در بخش های مختلف میپردازد. تمرکز اصلی تحقیق بر کاهش انتشار دیاکسید کربن در مراحل تولید، ساخت و بهرهبرداری ساختمانها است و این سوال مطرح میشود که چگونه استفاده از LCA میتواند به کاهش اثرات مخرب زیستمحیطی در محیط ساختهشده کمک کند. در این پژوهش، روش تحقیق بهصورت توصیفی-تحلیلی بوده و با ارائه اصول، چارچوبها و دستورالعملهای بینالمللی مرتبط، به تحلیل جامع اثرات زیستمحیطی ساختمانها در کل چرخه عمر آنها میپردازد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان میدهد که ارزیابی توامان انرژی نهان و بهرهبرداری در تحلیل چرخه عمر ساختمانها، میتواند رویکردی کارآمد و عملی برای ارزیابی میزان تاثیرات زیست محیطی ساختمان ها ارائه کند. در این راستا، استفاده از روشهای تحلیل ترکیبی مبتنی بر ورودی-خروجی نیز بهعنوان ابزاری مکمل، امکان دستیابی به ارزیابی جامعتر و دقیقتر اثرات زیستمحیطی را فراهم میآورد. علاوه بر این، پژوهش به بررسی محدودیتها و چالشهای اجرایی LCA پرداخته و پیشنهادهایی برای بهبود کاربرد آن در صنعت ساختمان ارائه میدهد. این پیشنهادها شامل یکپارچهسازی LCA با ابزارهای مدلسازی اطلاعات ساختمان (BIM)، آموزش تخصصی برای متخصصان حوزه، و تدوین استانداردهای ملی هماهنگ با شرایط اقلیمی و محیطی است. این تحقیق بر اهمیت رویکردها و کاربردهای عملی LCA در کاهش اثرات زیست محیطی ساختمان ها و دستیابی به توسعه پایدار تأکید دارد.
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