آینده‌پژوهی چالش‌های حکمروایی شهری در برابر تغییرات اقلیمی با تأکید بر بحران سیل (مطالعه موردی: کلانشهر اهواز)

الموضوعات : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

مصطفی محمدی ده چشمه ¹ , نازنین حاجی پور ²

1 - دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران
2 - دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز،اهواز، ایران

تاريخ الإرسال : 01 الخميس , ربيع الأول, 1443 تاريخ التأكيد : 17 الأحد , شعبان, 1443 تاريخ الإصدار : 13 الثلاثاء , ذو القعدة, 1445

الکلمات المفتاحية: سیل, حکمروایی شهری, تغییرات اقلیمی, مدیریت بحران, کلانشهر اهواز,

ملخص المقالة :

تغییرات اقلیمی، از یکسو و آسیب‌پذیری بالای شهر اهواز در مقابله و مدیریت بحران‌ سیل در سال‌های گذشته، ضرورت یک استراتژی آینده نگر در حکمروایی این شهر را اجتناب ناپذیر نموده است. پژوهش حاظر به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از نظر روش شناخی توصیفی ـ تحلیلی است. در بخش نخست با مرور مبانی و استخراج مهمترین عوامل کلیدی حکمروایی سیل با استفاده از تکنیک دلفی و نظرخواهی از 30 کارشناس، شاخص‌های اجماع و قطعیت،‌ اولویت و اهمیت به ارزیابی عوامل پرداخته شد. در مجموع ۴3 پیشران کلیدی جهت ورود به نرم افزار Micmac تعیین شد. پس از تهیه ماتریس اولیه اثرات متقاطع در نرم افزار Micmac مشخص شده است که از بین ۱۸۰۶ ارزش محاسبه شده ۷۰۱ مورد از فاکتورهای علی دارای اثر بالایی بر استقرار الگوی حکمروایی در برابر مدیریت تغییرات اقلیمی با تأکید بر سیلاب شده است. همچنین 848 مورد دارای تاثیرگذاری متوسط و 257 مورد دارای تاثیرگذاری کم و 43 مورد بی‌تاتیر ارزیابی شده‌اند. ارزیابی وضعیت اثرگذاری و اثرپذیری عوامل کلیدی نشان می‌دهد که از بین ۸ عامل اصلی، مشارکت، پاسخگویی، عدالت و قانونمندی اثرگذارترین ابعاد بر روند تحولات کلانشهر اهواز بوده‌اند. همچنین از 10 پیشران کلیدی و مهم متغیرهای نقش موثر اعمال تصمیمات شهروندان در تهیه طرح‏های توسعه شهری و پاسخگویی مدیران و مسئولان شهری به شهروندان در مواقع بروز بحران به عنوان متغیرهای دو وجهی و تاثیرگذار دارای بیشترین اهمیت بوده‌اند. وضعیت‌های مختلف عوامل سیاسی و نهادی، اقتصادی، زیست محیطی و اکولوژیک و سایر مؤلفه‌های اثرگذار بر روند تحولات حکمروایی احتمال وقوع 8 سناریو را در ارتباط با عوامل کلیدی و احتمالی پیش رو (مطلوب، ‌میانه و فاجعه)، را بیش از سایر سناریوها دانسته و احتمال وقوع سایر سناریوها را در حد بسیار ناچیز و ضعیف ارزیابی کرده است. از 44 پیشران کلیدی،‌24 پیشران در محدوده ریسک و شرط و تأثیرپذیر یا وابسته قرار دارند. براساس تحلیل داده‌ها، 8 سناریو قوی یا محتمل، 14 سناریو با سازگاری بالا یا باورکردنی و 4319 سناریو ضعیف ارزیابی شدند.

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