Effect of Fencing Championship on Muscular Damage Indicators in Fencer Females
الموضوعات : Report of Health Care
1 - Department of Sport Physiology, Sama Technical and Vocational Training College, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: Muscle Damage, Creatine Kinase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Fencing,
ملخص المقالة :
Introduction: Assessing muscle damage may help to improve the performance of athletes during the tournament. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a fencing tournament on muscle damage markers in fencer females. Methods: In a semi-experimental research 20 fencer women with mean age 21.59 ± 4.03 years, BMI 20.79 ± 3.13 kg.m-2 and VO2max 41.01 ± 4.98 ml.kg-1.min-1 were selected purposefully and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group competed fencing in a periodically and single-off form. Blood samples were drawn before, immediately after, 24 and 48 hours after the tournament. Statistical analysis of repeated measures and independent t-test were used at P≤ 0.05. Results: The results showed that the differences in CK levels were significant before and immediately after, before and 24 hours after, before and 48 hours later, immediately after and 24 hours later, 24 hours and 48 hours after the tournament (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the differences between CK levels immediately after and 48 hours after the tournament were not significant (p>0.05). Differences in the levels of LDH before and immediately after, immediately after and 24 hours later and immediately after and 48 hours after the tournament were significant (p<0.05), but before, 24 hours and 48 hours after the tournament and 24 hours later and 48 hours after it (p> 0.05) were not significant. Conclusion: In professional fencers, a tournament could lead to muscle injury. This can be useful for fencers and coaches to examine the intensity of the exercises and adaptability of involved muscles.
1. Amirsasan R, Gaeini A, RavaasiA. Does affect an aerobic exercise the exhibitory and inhibitoty factors of matrix metalloproteinase?. World Appl Sci J. 2011; 14 (11): 1696- 1702.
2. Chakraborti S, Mandal M, Das S, Mandal A, Chakraborti T. Regulation of matrix metalloproteinases: an overview. Mol Cell Biochem. 2003; 253 (1-2): 269- 285.
3.Matsumoto K, Miyoshi T. Evaluation of exercise intensity indicated by serum lactate dehydrogenase activity in healthy adults. Acta Biologica Hungarica. 1992; 44 (2-3): 153- 160.
4. Folgueras AR, Valdes-Sánchez T, Llano E, Menendez L, Baamonde A, Denlinger BL, et al. Metalloproteinase MT5-MMP is an essential modulator of neuro-immune interactions in thermal pain stimulation.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009; 106 (38): 16451- 16456.
5. AmirsasanR, GaeiniA, Ravaasi A. Does affect an aerobic exercise the exhibitory and inhibitoty factors of matrix metalloproteinase?. World Appl Sci J. 2011; 14 (11): 1696- 1702.
6. Hazar1 S, Hazar M, Korkmaz Ş, Bayil S, Cenk Gurkan A. The effect of graded maximal aerobic exercise on some metabolic hormones, muscle damage and some metabolic end products in sportsmen. Sci Res Essays. 2011; 6: 1337- 1343.
7. Nameni F, Kashef M, Lari AA. The effect of warming on the relationship between CK and LDH in athletic women recovery. Olympic J. 2004; 4 (28): 97- 106.
8. Groussard C, Rannou-Bekono F, Machefer G, Chevanne M, Vincent S, Sergent O, et al. Changes in blood lipid peroxidation markers and antioxidants after a single sprint anaerobic exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003; 89 (1): 14- 20.
9. Choung BY, Byun SJ, Suh JG, Kim TY. Extracellular superoxide dismutase tissue distribution and the patterns of superoxide dismutase mRNA expression following ultraviolet irradiation on mouse skin. Exp Dermatol. 2004; 13 (11): 691- 699.
10. Vassilis M, Rahnama N. Exercise Biochemistry. 2nd ed. Isfahan University. 2010.
11. Tartibian B. Assessment of physiological index in sport. Tehran: Teymourzade Press; 2006. 39-41.
12. Bradley PS, Sheldon W, Wooster B, Olsen P, Boanas P, Krustrup P. High-intensity running in english FA premier league soccer matches. J Sports Sci. 2009; 27 (2): 159- 168.
13. Rodriguez NR, Di Marco NM, Langley S. Nutrition and athletic performance. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2009; 109 (3): 509- 527.
14. Flann KL, LaStayo PC, McClain DA, Hazel M, Lindstedt SL. Muscle damage and muscle remodeling: no pain, no gain?. J Exp Biol. 2011; 214 (4): 674- 679.
15. Baradaran B, Tartibian B, Baghaiee B, Monfaredan A. Correlation between superoxide dismutase 1 gene expression with lactate dehydrogenase enzyme and free radicals in female athletes: effects of incremental intensity exercises. Tehran Univ Med J. 2012; 70 (4): 212- 219.
16. Silvestre JG, Speretta GFF, Fabrizzi F, Moraes G. Acute effects of resistance exercise performed on ladder on energy metabolism, stress, and muscle damage in rats. Motriz, Rio Claro. 2017; 23: e101602.
17. Paraiso LF, Gonc¸alves-e-Oliveira AFM, Cunha LM, de Almeida Neto OP, Pacheco AG, Arau´jo KBG, et al. Effects of acute and chronic exercise on the osmotic stability of erythrocyte membrane of competitive swimmers. PLoS ONE. 2017; 12 (2): e0171318.
18. Hosseinzadeh M, TaheriChadorneshin H, Ajam-Zibad M, Abtahi-EivaryS.H. Pre-supplementation of Crocus sativus Linn (saffron) attenuates inflammatory and lipid peroxidation markers induced by intensive exercise in sedentary women. JAPS. 2017; 7 (5): 147- 151.
19. Karamizrak SO, Ergen E, Tre IR, Akgün N. Changes in serum creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and aldolase activities following supramaximal exercise in athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1994; 34 (2): 141- 146.
20. Asgari Z, Shemshaki A. Effect of training on some selected stations leukocyte anti-oxidation index in women [dissertation]. Tehran, Alzahra University. 2011.
21. SaengsirisuwanV, Phadungkij S, PholpramoolC. Renal and liver functions and muscle injuries during training and after competitionin thai boxers. Br J Sports Med. 1998; 32: 304- 308.
22. Sangun L, Takashi U, Ippei T, Masashi M, Kazuma D, Kaori I, et al. Effects of the first training session on the physiological and mental conditions in male university freshmen joudoists. Hirosaki MED J. 2011; 61: 87- 96.
23. Fallah Azad V, Zeydi M. Comprehensive information on diagnostic tests. 3rd ed. Tehran: Shabak Press; 2009.
24. Margaritis I. Muscle enzyme release does not predict muscle function impairment after mechanisms for repeated bout effect. Sports Med. 1999; 27: 157- 170.
25. Matsus H, Shiba N, Umezu Y, Nago T, Maeda T, Tagawa Y, et al. Effects of hybrid exercise on the activities of myogenic enzymes in plasma. Kurume Med J. 2006; 53 (3-4): 47- 51.
26. Boussouar F, Grataroli R, Ji J, Benahmed M. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulates lactate dehydrogenase a expression in porcine cultured sertoli cells: mechanisms of action. Endocrinology. 1999; 140 (7): 3054- 362.
27. Yamin C, DuarteJAR, Oliveira JMF, Amir O, Sagiv M, Eynon N, et al. IL-6 (-174) and TNF-α (-308) promoter polymorphisms are associated with systemic creatine kinase response to eccentric exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008; 104 (3): 579- 586.
28. Krustrup P, Hellsten Y, Bangsbo J. Intense interval training enhances human skeletal muscle oxygen uptake in the initial phase of dynamic exercise at high but not at low intensities. J Physiol. 2004; 559: 335- 345.
29. Padon- Jones D, Muthalib M, JenkinsD. The effect of a repeated bout of eccentric exercise of indices of muscle damage and DOMS. JSM. 2000; 3 (1): 35- 43.
30. Noakes TD. Effect of exercise on serum enzyme activities in humans. Sports Med. 1987; 4 (4): 245- 267.
31. Williams CA, Kronfeldt DS, Hess TM, Saker KE, Waldron JN, Crandell KM, et al. Antioxidant supplementation and subsequent oxidative stress of horses during an 80-km endurance race. J Anim Sci. 2004; 82 (2): 588- 594.
32. Pardanjani AF, Ebrahimi M, Changizi M. Effect of one session of resistance activity on muscle injury and delayed muscular soreness in athlete male students. Res Sports Edu. 2015; 8: 37- 52.
33. Cheung K, Hume P, Maxwell I. Delayed onset muscle soreness: treatment strategies and performance factors. Sports Med. 2003; 33 (2): 164- 145.
34. Khan FY. Rhabdomyolysis: a review of the literature. Neth J Med. 2009; 67 (9): 272- 283.
35. Sayers SP, Clarkson PM. Short-term immobilization after eccentric exercise. Part II: creatine kinase and myoglobin. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003; 35 (5): 762- 768.
36. Brewster LM, Mairuhu G, Bindraban NR, Koopmans RP, Clark JF, van Montfrans GA. Creatine kinase activity is associated with blood pressure. Circulation. 2006; 114 (19): 2034- 2039.
37. Richter EA, Ruderman NB. AMPK and the biochemistry of exercise: implications for human health and disease. Biochem J. 2009; 418 (2): 261- 275.
38. Baird MF, Graham SM, Baker JS, Bickerstaff GF. Creatine- kinase and exercise- related muscle damage implications for muscle performance and recovery. J Nutr Metab. 2012; 2012:960363.
39. Srividhya LS, Majumdar P, Subramanian A. Reference interval for enzyme lactate dehydrogenase in male and female athletes. IJSR. 2015; 78 (96): 394- 398.
