انگاره مکان تاب‌آور در نظریه تاب‌آوری فضایی: مرور کیفی
الموضوعات : فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهریمسعود شفیعی دستجردی 1 , ازاده لک 2 , علی غفاری 3
1 - دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
3 - دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: تاب‌آوری شهری, تاب‌آوری فضایی, مکان تاب‌آور, طراحی شهری,
ملخص المقالة :
امروزه به دلیل بروز شرایط پیچیده و تغییرات اجتماعی، اقتصادی و زیست محیطی در روند توسعه شهرها، تبیین راهبردها و چارچوب‌های تاب‌آور بیش از پیش مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. اگرچه نگاشت نقشه‌ای و مهندسی تاب‌آوری شهری برای درک مخاطرات، مهم و کاربردی به نظر می‌رسد اما این رویکرد با وجود پیشرفت‌های اخیر در زمینه سنجش و ارزیابی تاب‌آوری، برای تحقق مکان تاب‌آور با چالش‌های زیادی روبرو است. علاوه بر مولفه‌های کمی، مولفه‌های غیرفیزیکی با ویژگی‌های کیفی مختلف و با روابط و تعاملات متنوع از عوامل تاثیرگذار در ایجاد مکان تاب‌آور هستند. این مقاله سعی دارد، دلالت اصلی نظریه تاب‌آوری فضایی را در حوزه طراحی شهری و نسبت مولفه‌های سازنده مکان را در این نظریه با کاربست مدل تحلیلی تاب‌آوری فضایی تبیین نماید. بر این اساس در دو بخش تعداد 26 مقاله در بازه زمانی 1351 (1972) تا خرداد 1399 (ژوئن 2020) با رویکردهای تاب‌آوری شهری و تاب‌آوری فضایی انتخاب شدند و به روش تحلیل محتوا، مفاهیم تاثیرگذار در مقیاس طراحی شهری استخراج شدند. یافته‌های پژوهش از گرایش رویکردهای طراحی شهری به سمت تحقق تاب‌آوری با تمرکز بر مقیاس محلی و با رویکرد ایجاد مکان تاب‌آور در ادبیات موضوع حکایت دارد. مفهوم تاب‌آوری فضایی در مقیاس طراحی شهری بر پایه درک چند وجهی از مولفه‌های سازنده مکان، ارتباطات و تبادلات بین آنها و هم‌تکاملی عناصر مختلف مکان، در ادبیات موضوع مفهوم‌سازی شده است. هدف رویکرد تاب‌آوری فضایی در برابر تغییرات مداوم، افزایش ظرفیت تطبیق‌پذیری مولفه‌های سازنده کیفیت مکان است. جنبه‌های شکل‌دهنده تاب‌آوری فضایی در بازه‌های "کالبد و ساختار"، "فعالیت و عملکرد" و "تصویر و معنا" قرار دارد و برای داشتن عملکرد بهتر، متناظر با ویژگی‌های بستر مورد مطالعه، بایستی در هر سه جنبه مکان، مشخصه‌های تاب‌آوری را مشاهده نمود.
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