بررسی رابطه طرحواره جنسیتی و سازگاری اجتماعی نوجوانان
الموضوعات : فصلنامه زن و جامعه
لیلا عباداتی
1
(. کارشناسی ارشد، مطالعات زنان، دبیر آموزش و پرورش، داراب، ایران)
نرجس عباداتی
2
(مدیریت رسانه ای.دانشکده مدیریت.دانشگاه علوم و تحقیقات.تهران.ایران.)
الکلمات المفتاحية: سازگاری اجتماعی, نوجوانی, طرحواره جنسیتی, ناسازگاری اجتماعی,
ملخص المقالة :
هدف: هدف این پژوهش بررسی رابطه بین طرحواره جنسیتی و سازگاری اجتماعی دانش آموزان دختر وپسر دبیرستان‌های شهرستان جویم بود.
روش : روش تحقیق توصیفی پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری شامل همه دانش آموزان دختر و پسر پایه اول دوره دبیرستان دخترانه و پسرانه دبیرستان‌های جویم است که 283 نفرهستند و 105 به عنوان حجم نمونه با فرمول کوکران و با روش نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده انتخاب شده‌اند. ابزار پژوهش پرسشنامه طرحواره جنسیتی بم (1976) و سازگاری اجتماعی کالیفرنیا تورپ و همکاران (1936) است که روایی و پایایی مطلوبی داشت.
یافته ها: نتیجه تحلیل واریانس در ارتباط با سازگاری اجتماعی و نقش‌های جنسیتی نشان می دهدکه (48 /10 = f) معنادار می‌باشد،همچنین
نتایج تحلیل واریانس دو طرفه نشان داد که میزان سازگاری اجتماعی دو جنس در نقش‌های جنسیتی (18/583=f) معنادار می‌باشد. نتیجه آزمون t مستقل برای بررسی میزان سازگاری اجتماعی در دانش آموزان دختر و پسر نشان داد که t بدست آمده برابر (35/3) معنی دار است. نتیجه آزمون خی دو برای بررسی رابطه سازگاری اجتماعی با نقش‌های جنسیتی در دانش آموزان دختر نشان داد که خی دو بدست آمده برابر با 7 معنی دار نمی‌باشد. نتیجه آزمون خی دو برای بررسی رابطه سازگاری اجتماعی با نقش‌های جنسیتی دانش آموزان پسر نشان داد خی دو بدست آمده برابر با 81/1 معنی دار نمی‌باشد. با توجه به آنچه که نتایج نشان داد، بین طرحواره جنسیتی و سازگاری اجتماعی دانش آموزان دختر و پسر رابطه وجود دارد.بنابراین اصلاح یا استحکام طرحواره های جنسیتی جهت دستیابی به سازگاری اجتماعی دانش آموزان اهمیت دارد.
References
1. Dinarvand, M (2019) Comparison of stereotypical behavior, self-concept and socialization of primary and secondary school students in Shavour, Medical Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. 62, 341-321. [Persian]
2. Hejazi,E. Rezadost,Z (2012). The effect of gender and gender schemas on friendship patterns,Journal of Woman and Society, 3, (3), 57-77. [Persian]
3. Leung, E (2020). Gender Schemas. In: Zeigler-Hill V., Shackelford T.K. (eds) Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_667
4.Khodarahmi, S. Alavi,M. Ezzati, S (2015).Comparison of social adjustment of male and female students of Payame Noor University in Darrehshahr, Journal of Youth Sociological Studies, 6 (20), 801-14. [Persian]
5.Meyer, M., & Gelman, S. A (2016). Gender essentialism in children and parents: Implications for the development of gender stereotyping and gender-typed preferences. Sex Roles, 75(9–10), 409–421.
6. Heyderhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11199-020-01147-9 - Aff1 , A. Hek M. Houtte M(2021). When Gender Stereotypes Get Male Adolescents into Trouble: A Longitudinal Study on Gender Conformity Pressure as a Predictor of School Misconduct, Sex Roles, 84,61-75
7.Khalilian Shalamzari,M (2018).A Study of Factorial Structure (Construct Validity) and internal consistency of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory in Iranian teenage population, Journal of Psychometrics,7(26),7-24. [Persian]
8.Bem, S. L. (1981). Gender schema theory: A cognitive account of sex typing. Psychological Review, 88, 354–364.
9.Alireza Nejad, S. Azarnia, A. Nikogftar, M (2016). Gender and Gender: A Study in Social Adjustment of Sexually Dissatisfied, Journal of Social Sciences,25(72). 150-191. [Persian]
10.Nazami,L Azemodh,M(2019).Social adjustment prediction based on parenting schemas and parent-child attachment styles in teenage girl students in Tabriz city, Quarterly Journal of Women and Family Studies,43(12), 145-165. [Persian]
11. Viet,V(2021).Student’s adjustment to university and its relation to gender, residence and family factors, Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences 42, 81–88.
12.Zare Baghbidi,A(2018).Study of the relationship between perfectionism and happiness and individual and social adjustment in first grade high school students in District One of Yazd in the academic year 2017-2018 Master's thesis in Educational Sciences - Counseling and guidance Islamic Azad University Ardakan Unit. [Persian]
13.Beri N, Kaur M (2020): Relationship of adjustment, social competence and achievement motivation among senior secondary school students, Ann Trop Med & Public Health;23(S6),698-709.
14. Chowhan,A. Ravees,Sh(2019). Gender differences in adjustment amongst the college students of Jammu city, International Journal of Applied Research 2019; 5(8), 17-20
15.Mokhtari K. Rezaee, M. Baljani, E (2021). The Association Between Social Adjustment and Work-Family Conflict and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Clinical Staff of the Khatam-al-Anbia Hospital in Salmas in 2019, Preventive Care in Nursing & Midwifery Journal,11(1), 28-34. [Persian]
16.Safara M. Rafiee,S(2020).Effectiveness of Empathy Training on Social Adjustment and School Belonging in Elementary Sixth-Grade Students, Iranian Evolutionary and Educational Psychology Journal,2(1),71-80. [Persian]
17. Chen,Jun .Zhang,H. Wei, B . Guo, Z ( 2018 ).The model of children's social adjustment under the gender‐roles absence in single‐parent families First published:14 January ,https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12477.
18. Tripathy,M.Sahu B. (2018).Gender: its effect on Adjustment Level of High SchoolStudents, New York Science Journal.11(2),88-91.
19.Pierre, C. (2013). The Interactive Eơects of Coping Strategies, Gender, and Stress in the Prediction of Internalizing Symptoms in African American Youth: An Application of the Specificity Model. (Master of Arts thesis). Loyola University, Chicago
20. Agam, R.Tamir,S.Golan,M(2015). Gender Differences in Respect to Self-Esteem and Body Image as Well as Response to Adolescents’ School-Based Prevention Programs, Journal of Psychology & Clinical Psychiatry 2 (5),1-7
21. Hibbard,D. Buhrmester ,D (2010).Competitiveness,Gender,and Adjustment Among Adolescents,Sex Roles 63. 412-424
22. Ghortepeh A.TalehPasand, S. Manshaee Gh R. Abolfathi, M.Salhi, M.GhareTapeh,Sh (2015).Relationship between personal and social adjustment with locus of control and gender in gifted high school students in Kermanshah, Journal of Health Education and Health PromotionIran,3 (2),159-166. [Persian]
23. khalegh Bagheri, R (2003). Investigating the Relationship between Gender Schemes and Social Adaptation of Adolescents in Tehran, (MA Thesis in Psychology), Al-Zahra University. [Persian]
24. Khamse, A (2005). Investigating gender serotype, Journal of Women's Studies, Alzahra University Women's Issue (6),115-134. [Persian]
25.Shakeri Hassanvand,M(2018) The effectiveness of positive thinking skills training on social adjustment and self-efficacy of female high school students in Khorramabad, Master's thesis. Department of Psychology - Psychology Payame Noor University of Alborz Province, Payame Noor Center, Karaj. [Persian]
26. Tabatabaiian,F.Nisi,A.K.Hamid,n. (2014).The Effectiveness of Group Self-Regulation Training on Social Adjustment of middle School Students in Shooshtar, Educational Journal of Women and Family8 (1), 1-29. [Persian]
27.Forsythe, S.M. (2010). Coping Behavior and Gender Diơerences in African American Adolescents. (Master’s thesis), Pacific University.
28.Savadkouhi.A. Sharifi,M. Shokri,O(2020)The effect of emotional and social adjustment on students' online high-risk Behaviors,Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology, 21(2), 64-74. [Persian]
29.Karimi,L(2017). Study of the relationship between family communication patterns and emotional maturity with social adjustment of high school students in Safashahr Master's thesis. Psychology - General Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology. Islamic Azad University of Marvdasht.. [Persian]
30. Bem, S.L. (1974). The lenses of gender.New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
31.Abdi, B. (2001). Investigating the Relationship between Gender Roles and Job Identity in Fear of Success among Tehran University Students. (Master of Science in Psychology), Teacher Training University. [Persian]
32.Aliakbari, M.Mohtashmi, T.Hasanzadeh, P (2012). The study of psychometric characteristics in short form Bem`s Sex-Role Inventory with emphasis on factor analysis in Iranian population Social ognition, Social Cognition, 1(1).45-58. [Persian]
33.Mazaheri,M. Mohsen Golparvar,M. Shayegannejad,V(2007). The effect of group behavior training on social adjustment of children and adolescents with epilepsy, Knowledge and Research in Psychology, 33,15-36. [Persian]
34.Pyvastegar.M.Darvize,Z.Tavosi,S(2013).Investigating the relationship between environmental attachment and mental health and social adjustment of first year high school students in Varamin, Quarterly Journal of Architecture and Utopia,15,195-203. [Persian]
35.Michell, A (2018). Fighting gender discrimination, my scanner(translator),press negah.
36.Igbo J. N,Onu,V. C. Obiyo,N. O(2015). Impact of Gender Stereotype on Secondary School Students’ Self-Concept and Academic Achievement, SAGE and Open Access page (http://www.uk.sagepub.com/aboutus/openaccess.htm).
37.Buhrmester, D. (1996) Need fulfillment, interpersonal competence, and the developmental contexts of early adolescent friendship. In W.M Bukowaski, A. F. Newcomb, W. W. Hartup(Eds.), The company they keep: Friendship during childhood and adolescence, New York: Cambridge University Press. p 158-185.
38.Jones, G.P. Dembo, M.H. (1989) "Age and Sex Role Differences in Intimate Friendships During Childhood and Adolescence". Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 35: 445-462.
_||_
