بررسی مقایسه‌ای بهزیستی روانشناختی و دلزدگی زناشویی و ابعاد آنها در زنان شاغل و غیر شاغل
الموضوعات : فصلنامه زن و جامعه
رضا بابائی گیوی
1
,
علی‌محمد نظری
2
,
فرشاد محسن زاده
3
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد رشته مشاوره خانواده، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه خوارزمی
2 - دانشیار در رشته مشاوره دانشگاه خوارزمی
3 - استادیار در رشته مشاوره دانشگاه خوارزمی
الکلمات المفتاحية: زنان شاغل, زنان غیر شاغل, بهزیستی روانشناختی, دلزدگی زناشویی,
ملخص المقالة :
هدف: با توجه به حضور روزافزون زنان در عرصه اجتماع و اهمیت سلامت روانی آنها و ارتباط آن بازندگی زناشویی، این تحقیق با هدف مقایسه بهزیستی روانشناختی و دلزدگی زناشویی زنان شاغل و غیر شاغل در سال 1393 انجام‌شده است. روش: به همین منظور تعداد 175 نفر از معلمان ابتدائی شاغل در مدارس شهر کرج و 175 نفر زنان خانه‌دار شهر کرج به‌صورت خوشه‌ای و تصادفی انتخاب‌شده است. سپس آنان با استفاده از پرسشنامه بهزیستی روانشناختی ریف و دلزدگی زناشویی پاینز مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. پس از جمعآوری داده‌ها از روش‌های آمار توصیفی و آزمون تی مستقل برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها استفاده شد. یافته‌ها: تحلیلهای آماری گویای آن بود که زنان شاغل بهزیستی روانشناختی بالاتری برخورداربودند (p<0/01)؛ ولی در دلزدگی زناشویی این تفاوت در زنان خانه دار بیشتر بود (p<0/05). همچنین زنان شاغل در همه مولفههای بهزیستی روانشناختی به غیر از مولفههای رشد شخصی و خود مختاری از زنان خانه دار وضعیت بهتری داشتند. مقایسه ابعاد دلزدگی زناشویی نشان داد زنان شاغل فقط در بعد دلزدگی روانی تفاوت معنی داری با زنان خانه دار داشتند و در ابعاد دیگر تفاوت معنی داری بین این دو گروه وجود نداشت. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: به نظر می‌رسد اگر شغل دارای ویژگی منفی مثل ساعات کاری طولانی و استرس و فشارهای زیاد نباشد تأثیرات مثبتی بر بهزیستی روانشناختی زنان دارد. از سوی دیگر اشتغال باعث خستگی و دلزدگی زناشویی بیشتری در زنان شاغل نشده بود، لذا فراهم نمودن زمینه‌های مشارکت اجتماعی و اشتغال‌زائی متناسب با شأن زنان در تأمین بهزیستی آنان مؤثر است.
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