نسبت فضای شهری با جُرم و آسیب‌های اجتماعی با تأکید بر رفتار پر خطر خودکشی (نمونه مورد مطالعه: شهر نورآباد)
ابوذر وفایی
1
(
هیئت علمی
)
کامران دولتیاریان
2
(
دانشجوی دکتری، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.
)
الکلمات المفتاحية: فضای شهری, آسیب‌های اجتماعی, خودکشی, مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری, شهر نورآباد.,
ملخص المقالة :
شهرنشینی به همراه تحولات پیچیده آن سبب گسترش انواع بی‌نظمی‌ها و آسیب‌های اجتماعی شده است. خودکشی رفتاری پرخطر و آسیبی اجتماعی است که در پایگاه اجتماعی و فرهنگی طبقات مختلف جامعه نفوذ کرده و پیامدهای ناگواری را برای جوامع به همراه داشته است. شهر نورآباد به دلیل مشکلاتی مانند بیکاری، اعتیاد، روحیه سنت‌گرایی، کمبود امکانات و خدمات و فقر اقتصادی- اجتماعی از رفتار پر خطر خودکشی رنج می‌برد. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی علل و عوامل مؤثر بر خودکشی در شهر نورآباد لرستان است. روش تحقیق مطالعه حاضر کاربردی و از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی می‌باشد. نمونه آماری موردپژوهش شامل 270 نفر از شهروندان شهر نورآباد می‌باشند که به صورت تصادفی ساده با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Sample Power محاسبه شده است. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از روش اسنادی – میدانی و برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل اطلاعات از نرم‌افزارهای آماری AMOS24, SPSS26 استفاده گردید. نتایج حاصل از آزمون T تک نمونه‌ای بیانگر معنادار بودن ارتباط شاخص‌های پژوهش با رفتار پر خطر خودکشی در محدوده مورد مطالعه است. همچنین یافته‌های تحلیل مسیر ، نشان داد که بعُد اقتصادی با مقدار بتای (76/0=β)، بیش‌ترین بار عاملی را در گرایش به خودکشی به خود اختصاص داده است و پس از آن مشخص گردید که متغیرهای خانوادگی با بتای (72/0=β)، متغیرهای فردی و روانی با بتای (73/0=β) و متغیرهای اجتماعی- فرهنگی با بتای (69/0=β)، بیش‌ترین عوامل اثر گذار خودکشی در شهر نورآباد می‌باشند. در نهایت یافته‌های مدل ساختاری پژوهش نشان داد که نماگرهای فضای شهری مانند زندگی کردن در محلات جرم خیز، نداشتن مسکن مناسب برای زندگی، کمبود امکانات و خدمات تفریحی، بیکاری زیاد، تراکم جمعیت و مدرنیته، حکمروایی نامناسب شهری، استرس زیاد زندگی شهری و کمبود فضاهای سبز هر کدام به ترتیب با وزن‌های کوواریانسی (32/0)، (28/0)، (27/0)، (23/0)، (22/0)، (19/0)، (12/0)، (7/0) بر روی رفتار پر خطر خودکشی اثر گذارند.
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