Corrosion Study of A516 Grade 70 Steel in Sodium Aluminate Solution of Bayer Process Containing Sulfide and Determination of Sulfide by a Practical Method
الموضوعات :محمد رضا رمضانی 1 , محمد هادی گیویان راد 2 , Mohamad Saber Tehrani 3 , پرویز آبرومند آذر 4
1 - گروه شیمی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - گروه شیمی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - Department of chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4 - گروه شیمی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: Corrosion, A516 steel, Sulfide, Aluminate solution, Bayer process,
ملخص المقالة :
Sulfide ions in the Bayer process solution can accelerate the corrosion of steel equipment. In the present research, after determining the concentration of sulfide ions in sodium aluminate solution of Bayer process by a developed method and investigating the source of sulfide in the aluminate solution, the corrosion rate of A516 grade70 steel pieces in the presence of S2- ion was investigated. For this purpose, the corrosion of pieces of A516 grade70 steel in dimensions (5x15x25 mm) in concentrations of 0.2 to 0.6 g/L of sulfide ions was investigated for 5 days inside the autoclave under conditions similar to the Bayer process. The corrosion rate was calculated using the method of measuring the weight loss of steel samples. In addition, the corrosion rate of steel pieces in the pure sulfide solution and in the aluminate solution whose sulfide was neutralized by nitrate was investigated and compared. The results demonstrated that steel corrosion rate in the presence of pure sulfide is very insignificant. However, steel corrosion rate in aluminate solution containing sulfide, even with small quantities, is significant.
1. Tabereaux AT, Peterson RD. Treatise on Process Metallurgy. Kidlington: Newnes. 2014;3:839-917.
2. Ramazani MR, Saber Tehrani M, Givianrad MH, Abroomand Azar P. Development of a low-cost method for determination of sulfide ions in aluminate solution of Bayer process and sulfide removal using nitrate from it. Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. 2023;42(4):1242-50.
3. Liu ZW, Li WX, Ma WH, Yin ZL, Wu GB. Comparison of deep desulfurization methods in alumina production process. Journal of Central South University. 2015;22:3745-50.
4. Hu XL, Chen WM, Xie QL. Sulfur phase and sulfur removal in high sulfur-containing bauxite. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 2011;21(7):1641-7.
5. Li XB, Fei NI, Jie TA, Liu GH, Qi TG, Peng ZH, Zhou QS. Removal of S2- ion from sodium aluminate solutions with sodium ferrite. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 2016;26(5):1419-24.
6. Li XB, Li CY, Peng ZH, Liu GH, Zhou QS, Qi TG. Interaction of sulfur with iron compounds in sodium aluminate solutions. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 2015;25(2):608-14.
7. Liu Z, Ma W, Yan H, Xie K, Li D, Zheng L, Li P. Removal of sulfur by adding zinc during the digestion process of high-sulfur bauxite. Scientific Reports. 2017;7(1):17181.
8. Fontana MG, Greene ND. Corrosion engineering. McGraw-hill; 2018.
9. Ahmad Z. Principles of corrosion engineering and corrosion control. Elsevier; 2006.
10. Chaubal MV. Corrosion in Caustic Environment--Application to Alumina Plants. The Metallurgical Society/AIME. 1984;307-24.
11. Fu H, Chen CY, Li JQ, Lan YP, Wang LZ, Yuan JJ. Influence of Na2S on the corrosion behavior of Q345 steel in sodium aluminate solution. Materials Research Express. 2019;6(10):1065a9.
12. Hazlewood PE, Singh PM, Hsieh JS. Corrosion behavior of carbon steels in sulfide-containing caustic solutions. Industrial & engineering chemistry research. 2006;45(23):7789-94.
13. Hazlewood PE. Factors affecting the corrosivity of pulping liquors. Georgia Institute of Technology. 2006.
14. Hamdy AS, Beccaria AM. Effect of surface preparation prior to cerium pre-treatment on the corrosion protection performance of aluminum composites. Journal of applied electrochemistry. 2005;35:473-8.
15. Bhattacharya A. Stress corrosion cracking of duplex stainless steels in caustic solutions. Georgia Institute of Technology. 2008.
16. Chasse KR, Singh PM. Corrosion study of super ferritic stainless steel UNS S44660 (26Cr-3Ni-3Mo) and several other stainless steel grades (UNS S31603, S32101, and S32205) in caustic solution containing sodium sulfide. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 2013;44:5039-53.
17. Liu SE, Zhu Z, Guan H, Ke W. Stress corrosion cracking of pressure vessel steels in high-temperature caustic aluminate solutions. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 1996;27:1327-31.
18. Le HH, Ghali E. Stress corrosion cracking of carbon steel in caustic aluminate solutions of the Bayer process. Corrosion science. 1993;35(1-4):435-42.
19. Emami M, Mousavi MF, Barzegar M. Determination of sulfide in spring and wastewater by a new kinetic spectrophotometric method. Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society. 2004;51(3):517-21.
20. Safavi A, Mirzaee M. Kinetic spectrophotometric determination of traces of sulfide in nonionic micellar medium. Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry. 2000;367:645-8.
21. Jin Y, Wu H, Tian Y, Chen L, Cheng J, Bi S. Indirect determination of sulfide at ultratrace levels in natural waters by flow injection on-line sorption in a knotted reactor coupled with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Analytical chemistry. 2007;79(18):7176-81.
22. Huang R, Zheng X, Qu Y. Highly selective electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) for sulfide ion determination at multi-wall carbon nanotubes-modified graphite electrode. Analytica chimica acta. 2007;582(2):267-74.
23. Colon M, Todoli JL, Hidalgo M, Iglesias M. Development of novel and sensitive methods for the determination of sulfide in aqueous samples by hydrogen sulfide generation-inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. Analytica chimica acta. 2008;609(2):160-8.
24. Ying W, Wan-Li K, Ying W, Dan Z, Jing-Jing Z. Indirect determination of sulfur ions in oilfield sewage by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 2008;36(11):1575-8.
25. Afkhami A, Khalafi L. Indirect determination of sulfide by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. Microchimica Acta. 2005;150:43-6.
26. Santos JC, Santos EB, Korn M. A comparison of flow injection methods for sulfide determination based on phenothiazine dyes produced from diverse aromatic amines. Microchemical Journal. 2008;90(1):1-7.
27. Giuriati C, Cavalli S, Gorni A, Badocco D, Pastore P. Ion chromatographic determination of sulfide and cyanide in real matrices by using pulsed amperometric detection on a silver electrode. Journal of Chromatography A. 2004;1023(1):105-12.
28. Huang D, Xu B, Tang J, Luo J, Chen L, Yang L, Yang Z, Bi S. Indirect determination of sulfide ions in water samples at trace level by anodic stripping voltammetry using mercury film electrode. Analytical Methods. 2010;2(2):154-8.
29. Yang B, Wang S, Tian S, Liu L. Determination of hydrogen sulfide in gasoline by Au nanoclusters modified glassy carbon electrode. Electrochemistry communications. 2009;11(6):1230-3.
30. Standard Methods Committee of the American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environment Federation, 4500-S2- sulfide In: Standard Methods For the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Lipps W.C., Baxter T.E., Braun-Howland E., editors; Washington DC: APHA Press. 2018.
31. Lawrence NS, Davis J, Jiang L, Jones TG, Davies SN, Compton RG. Electrochemically Initiated 1, 4‐Nucleophilic Substitutions: A General Strategy for the Analytical Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide. Electroanalysis: An International Journal Devoted to Fundamental and Practical Aspects of Electroanalysis. 2001;13(6):432-6.
32. Pandurangappa M, Lawrence NS, Jiang L, Jones TG, Compton RG. Physical adsorption of N, N′-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine onto carbon particles: Application to the detection of sulfide. Analyst. 2003;128(5):473-9.
