طراحی برنامه درسی برای تقویت مهارت‌های تفکر انتقادی در معلمان مقطع ابتدایی
الموضوعات :
1 - استادیار، گروه علوم تربیتی، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: برنامه درسی, تفکر انتقادی, رفتار معلمان, آموزش معلمان, توسعه حرفه ای,
ملخص المقالة :
این پژوهش با هدف طراحی و ارزیابی برنامه درسی برای تقویت مهارت‌های تفکر انتقادی در معلمان مقطع ابتدایی انجام شده است. روش تحقیق، توسعه‌ای و با استفاده از مدل برنامه‌ریزی درسی «تایبا-تایلر» طراحی شد. جامعه آماری پژوهش به‌صورت هدفمند انتخاب و شامل دو متخصص در برنامه‌ریزی درسی، دو متخصص در ارزیابی و سنجش، یک متخصص آموزش زبان فارسی و یک متخصص فلسفه بود. نتایج تحلیل داده‌ها نشان داد که برنامه طراحی‌شده شامل ۱۲ هدف اصلی در پنج محور کلیدی است: پذیرش تفاوت دیدگاه‌ها، ارزیابی صحت و اعتبار اطلاعات، جستجوی دلایل و شواهد، طرح پرسش‌های سطح بالا، و تقویت تفکر باز. این برنامه بر اساس نیازهای معلمان تدوین شده و فعالیت‌هایی نظیر درام خلاق، تحلیل مطالعات موردی و کار گروهی را به‌عنوان ابزارهای آموزشی به‌کار گرفته است. ارزیابی بازتابی نشان داد که اهداف، محتوای آموزشی، تجربیات یادگیری و روش‌های ارزیابی این برنامه از هماهنگی و قابلیت اجرایی بالایی برخوردار هستند. این پژوهش بر اهمیت نقش معلمان در پرورش تفکر انتقادی دانش‌آموزان و ایجاد جامعه‌ای با مهارت‌های تفکر انتقادی تأکید می‌کند. در نهایت، پیشنهاد می‌شود که این برنامه درسی برای سایر مقاطع تحصیلی نیز توسعه یابد تا به‌عنوان گامی مؤثر در ارتقای تفکر انتقادی در تمام سطوح آموزشی به‌کار گرفته شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها: برنامه درسی، تفکر انتقادی، رفتار معلمان، آموزش معلمان، توسعه حرفه ای
المصادر:
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Koc, C. (2007). Aktif ogrenmenin okuduğunu anlama, elestirel dusunme ve sınıf içi etkilesim uzerindeki etkileri [Understanding the active student's reading, critical thinking, and influences on inter-class interaction] (Doctoral dissetation). DEU Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitusu, zmir. Retrieved March, https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
Kokdemir, D. (2003). Belirsizlik durumlarında karar verme ve problem çozme [Decision making and problem solving in uncertainty situations] (Doctoral dissetation). Ankara Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu, Ankara. Retrieved 12 October, 2016 from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
Lewis, A., & Smith, D. (1993). Defining higher order thinking. Theory into practice, 32(3), 131- 137.
Lipman, M. (2003). Thinking in education. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
Marzano, R. J. (1988). Dimensions of thinking: A framework for curriculum and instruction.The Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 125 N.West St., Alexandria, VA 22314-2798.
McPeck, J. (1981). Critical thinking and education . New York.: St Martins.
Ministry of National Education. (2005). Ilkogretim 1-5. sınıf program-ları tanıtım el kitabı [Primary education 1-5. classroom programs introduction handbook]. Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu Baskanlıgı. Ankara: Devlet Kitapları Mudurlugu Basımevi.
Ministry of National Education. (2006). TEDP-Temel egitime destek projesi: Ogretmen eğitimi bileseni. Ogretmenlik mesleği genel yeterlilikleri [BTSP-Basic training support project: Teacher training component. General qualifications of teaching profession] Ogretmen Yetistirme ve Egitimi Genel Mudurlugu. Ankara: MEB Yayınları.
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