شیوه درمانی ذهن آگاهی با رویکرد یادگیری
الموضوعات :
1 - استادیار، گروه الهیات، دانشکده حقوق و الهیات، دانشگاه شهید باهنرکرمان، کرمان، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: ذهن آگاهی, شیوه درمانی, یادگیری, افکار و احساسات,
ملخص المقالة :
مقدمه و هدف: در دنیای امروز، افزایش میزان یادگیری و متغیرهای مرتبط با آن یکی از مسائل مهم نهادهای آموزشی است. برنارد و تیزدل در سال 1990 در نظریه خود با عنوان سیستم‌های شناختی متعامل (ICS) ذهن را دارای وجوه چندگانه‌ای معرفی کردند که مسئول دریافت و پردازش اطلاعات جدید به‌صورت شناختی و هیجانی است. این نظریه آسیب‌پذیری فرد نسبت به افسردگی را همبسته با این می‌داند که فرد به چه مقدار بر یکی از وجوه ذهن تکیه می‌کند و سهواً دیگر وجوه را متوقف می‌کند.
نتیجه¬گیری: ذهن آگاهی شیوه‌ای است برای پرداختن توجه که از مراقبه شرقی نشأت گرفته و به‌عنوان توجه کامل به تجربیات زمان حال به شکل لحظه‌به‌لحظه، توصیف شده است (Marlatt & Kristler, 1999)؛ ذهن آگاهی تنها یک ایدۀ خوب نیست؛ بلکه شیوه‌ای برای یادگیری خوب در زندگی است؛ این شیوه با دعوت به لحظۀ کنونی، حضوری بیشتر و قضاوتی کمتر، در افراد ایجاد می‌کند. اگرچه از ذهن آگاهی به‌عنوان علمی تازه صحبت می‌شود اما عمر واقعی این شیوه به هزاران سال پیش برمی‌گردد؛ به‌طوری‌که از آن به‌عنوان قلب مراقبۀ بودائی یاد شده است، بااین‌حال جوهرۀ این شیوه که به معنای بودن در لحظه و به شیوه‌ای آگاهانه است،آموزش و تعلیمی جهانی محسوب می‌شود (Kabat-Zinn, 2010).
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