عوامل نهادی تاثیرگذار بر بین‌المللی شدن شرکت‌های فناور داروسازی
الموضوعات :
حسین بهرامی
1
,
محمد عزیزی
2
,
علی بدیع زاده
3
,
هادی رزقی شیرسوار
4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری،گروه کارآفرینی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران
2 - استادیار، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
3 - استادیار، گروه مدیریت صنعتی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران
4 - استادیار، گروه مدیریت آموزشی، واحد گرمسار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرمسار، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: بین‌المللی شدن, شرکت‌های فناور داروسازی, عوامل نهادی,
ملخص المقالة :
مقدمه: امروزه صنعت داروسازی به عنوان یکی از کلیدی‌ترین و عظیم‌ترین صنایع جهان مطرح است و در اختیار داشتن چنین صنعتی به منزله یکی از معیارهای مهم توسعه یافتگی کشورها شناخته می‌شود. بین‌المللی شدن فناوری، فرآیند تعریف شده‌ای دارد که عبارت از انتقال دانش و فناوری از یک فرد یا گروه به فرد یا گروه دیگر به منظور به کارگیری آن در سیستم، فرایند، محصول و یا یک روش انجام کار می‌باشد. هدف از انجام این تحقیق، شناسایی عوامل موثر بر بین‌المللی سازی شرکت‌های فناور داروسازی با رویکرد نهادی می‌باشد. روش پژوهش: در این تحقیق عوامل نهادی تاثیرگذار بر بین‌المللی شدن شرکت‌های فناور داروسازی با استفاده از روش کیفی و از طریق مصاحبه با خبرگان صنعت داروسازی، شناسایی و با استفاده از روش تئوری داده بنیاد تحلیل گردید. این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر شیوه گردآوری داده‌ها توصیفی است. یافته‌ها: در نتیجه تحلیل داده‌ها، مهم‌ترین عوامل نهادی مورد نظر خبرگان شامل 33 عامل از کل مصاحبه‌ها استخراج و شناسایی گردید و این عوامل در چهار بعد قانونی، هنجاری، شناختی و هدایت‌گر دسته بندی شد. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج تحقیق نشان داد در بعد قانونی، عامل تسهیل در قوانین صادرات و اصلاح نظام قیمت‌گذاری دارو، در بعد هنجاری، ثبات مدیریت و برنامه‌های شرکت، در بعد شناختی، آشنایی با بازاریابی بین الملل و اهمیت به تحقیق و توسعه و در بعد هدایت‌گر، اخذ گواهینامه‌های معتبر بین‌المللی از مهم‌ترین عوامل نهادی تاثیرگذار بر بین‌المللی شدن شرکت‌های فناور داروسازی می‌باشند.
1- Nazemi M, Torkashvand Z, Samiyazadeh R, Sayyed Hosseininejad SS. The Effective Models of Knowledge Management in the Supply Chain, Journal of Management Research Future Quarterly, 2011; 22(2): 59-74. [In Persian]
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3- Middle East Economic Research Group. Study of Iranian Pharmaceutical Industry, Middle East Economic Research Group; 2015.
4- Yadollahi Farsi J, Azizi M, Mafi B. Diagnosis of International Entrepreneurship Opportunities, National Conference on Entrepreneurial University (Knowledge-based industry), Babolsar, Mazandaran University; 2013. [In Persian]
5- Antonic B, Hisrich R.D. Clarifying the intrapreneurship concept, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 2003; 10 (1): 7-24
6- Arasti z, Maleki Karam Abad MM, Motevasseli M. Influential institutional factors affecting the emergence of social entrepreneurship activities Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 2012; 5(2): 185. [In Persian]
7- North DC. Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1990.
8- Eunni VR. Institutional Environments for Entrepreneurship اin Emerging Economies: Brazil vs. Mexico. World Journal of Management, 2010;
2 (1): 1-18.
9- Scott WR. Institutions and Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1995.
10- Scott WR. Institutions and Organizations: Ideas and Interests. 3rd Edition, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2008.
11- Whitley R. European Business Systems: Firms and Markets in Their National Contexts. London: Sage Publications; 1992.
12- Whitley R. The Institutional Construction of Firms. In Morgan, G, Campbell JL, Crouch C, Pedersen OK and Whitley R. (Eds) the Oxford Handbook of Comparative Institutional Analysis. Oxford University Press; 2010: 422–53
13- Moradi MA, Sakhdari K, Saniei Sh. Influence of institutional factors on the rate of international entrepreneurship in developing countries Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 2017; 10(2): 358. [In Persian]
14- Marinova S. Institutions and International Business; 2015.
15-Zarei Gh, Parsamehr B. Identification of factors affecting the development of the export of medical equipment industry using the Grounded Theory Approach. Journal of Healthcare Management, 2018; 9 (3): 7-18. [In Persian]
16- Golami A, Chardoli B. Investigating the Factors Affecting the Increase of Pharmaceutical Exports (Case Study: Excire Pharmacy Company), International Conference on Business Excellence and Development, Institute of Managers of Idea Capital of Vieira Capital; 2014. [In Persian]
17- Akhavan P, Dehghani M. The role of knowledge management in improvement of marketing activities (case study of active companies in the field of medical equipment supply), Technology Development Quarterly; 2014: 41. [In Persian]
18- Belzunegui Eraso A, Miguel Ángel Miralles Amorós MA, Pastor Gosálbez T. The Role of Institutional and Territorial Factors in Innovation: The Case of the Spanish Footwear Components Industry. Investigations Regionals — Journal of Regional Research; 2017: 39.
19- Mukund RD, Sudhir Y. Motivations, Capability Handicaps, and Firm Responses in the Early Phase of Internationalization: A Study in the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry Journal of Global Marketing, 2015; 28:1–18.
20- Gaur AS, Lu JW. Ownership strategies and survival of foreign subsidiaries: Impacts of institutional distance and experience. Journal of Management, 2007; 33: 84–110.
21- Stenholm P, Acs ZJ, Wuebker R. Exploring Country-level Institutional Arrangements on the Rate and Type of Entrepreneurial Activity. Journal of Business Venturing, 2013; 28(1): 176-193.
22- Volchek D, Saarenketo S, Jantunen A. Structural Model of Institutional Environment Influence on International Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies. In Institutional Impacts on Firm Internationalization. Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2015: 190-216.
23- Terjesen S, Hessels J Varieties of export-oriented entrepreneurship in Asia. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 2009; 26(3): 537-561.
_||_1- Nazemi M, Torkashvand Z, Samiyazadeh R, Sayyed Hosseininejad SS. The Effective Models of Knowledge Management in the Supply Chain, Journal of Management Research Future Quarterly, 2011; 22(2): 59-74. [In Persian]
2- Valibeyghi H. Promotional policies for Exports of High-Tech Industries in Selected Countries, Quarterly Commercial Reviews, 2009; 37: 9-28. [In Persian]
3- Middle East Economic Research Group. Study of Iranian Pharmaceutical Industry, Middle East Economic Research Group; 2015.
4- Yadollahi Farsi J, Azizi M, Mafi B. Diagnosis of International Entrepreneurship Opportunities, National Conference on Entrepreneurial University (Knowledge-based industry), Babolsar, Mazandaran University; 2013. [In Persian]
5- Antonic B, Hisrich R.D. Clarifying the intrapreneurship concept, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 2003; 10 (1): 7-24
6- Arasti z, Maleki Karam Abad MM, Motevasseli M. Influential institutional factors affecting the emergence of social entrepreneurship activities Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 2012; 5(2): 185. [In Persian]
7- North DC. Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1990.
8- Eunni VR. Institutional Environments for Entrepreneurship اin Emerging Economies: Brazil vs. Mexico. World Journal of Management, 2010;
2 (1): 1-18.
9- Scott WR. Institutions and Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1995.
10- Scott WR. Institutions and Organizations: Ideas and Interests. 3rd Edition, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2008.
11- Whitley R. European Business Systems: Firms and Markets in Their National Contexts. London: Sage Publications; 1992.
12- Whitley R. The Institutional Construction of Firms. In Morgan, G, Campbell JL, Crouch C, Pedersen OK and Whitley R. (Eds) the Oxford Handbook of Comparative Institutional Analysis. Oxford University Press; 2010: 422–53
13- Moradi MA, Sakhdari K, Saniei Sh. Influence of institutional factors on the rate of international entrepreneurship in developing countries Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 2017; 10(2): 358. [In Persian]
14- Marinova S. Institutions and International Business; 2015.
15-Zarei Gh, Parsamehr B. Identification of factors affecting the development of the export of medical equipment industry using the Grounded Theory Approach. Journal of Healthcare Management, 2018; 9 (3): 7-18. [In Persian]
16- Golami A, Chardoli B. Investigating the Factors Affecting the Increase of Pharmaceutical Exports (Case Study: Excire Pharmacy Company), International Conference on Business Excellence and Development, Institute of Managers of Idea Capital of Vieira Capital; 2014. [In Persian]
17- Akhavan P, Dehghani M. The role of knowledge management in improvement of marketing activities (case study of active companies in the field of medical equipment supply), Technology Development Quarterly; 2014: 41. [In Persian]
18- Belzunegui Eraso A, Miguel Ángel Miralles Amorós MA, Pastor Gosálbez T. The Role of Institutional and Territorial Factors in Innovation: The Case of the Spanish Footwear Components Industry. Investigations Regionals — Journal of Regional Research; 2017: 39.
19- Mukund RD, Sudhir Y. Motivations, Capability Handicaps, and Firm Responses in the Early Phase of Internationalization: A Study in the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry Journal of Global Marketing, 2015; 28:1–18.
20- Gaur AS, Lu JW. Ownership strategies and survival of foreign subsidiaries: Impacts of institutional distance and experience. Journal of Management, 2007; 33: 84–110.
21- Stenholm P, Acs ZJ, Wuebker R. Exploring Country-level Institutional Arrangements on the Rate and Type of Entrepreneurial Activity. Journal of Business Venturing, 2013; 28(1): 176-193.
22- Volchek D, Saarenketo S, Jantunen A. Structural Model of Institutional Environment Influence on International Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies. In Institutional Impacts on Firm Internationalization. Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2015: 190-216.
23- Terjesen S, Hessels J Varieties of export-oriented entrepreneurship in Asia. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 2009; 26(3): 537-561.
