واکاوی تأثیر فضای سایبر در افزایش مشارکت سیاسی و اثر آن در سطح سرمایه اجتماعی شهروندان ایران

الموضوعات : مطالعات توسعه اجتماعی ایران

افشین متقی ¹ , آرش قربانی سپهر ² , زهرا انصاری ³

1 - دانشیار جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران ، ایران (Email: [e-mail])
2 - دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول) (Email: [e-mail])
3 - کارشناس ارشد جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران (Email: [e-mail])

تاريخ الإرسال : 08 الثلاثاء , ربيع الأول, 1441 تاريخ التأكيد : 08 الثلاثاء , ربيع الأول, 1441 تاريخ الإصدار : 20 الثلاثاء , ذو القعدة, 1440

الکلمات المفتاحية: شبکه‌های اجتماعی, مشارکت سیاسی, سرمایه اجتماعی, فضای سایبر, ایران,

ملخص المقالة :

در عصر حاضر، گرایش به مشارکت سیاسی در میان شهروندان به عنوان یکی از شاخص‌های اصلی در نظام‌های دموکراتیک، ماهیتی جدید یافته است. بنابراین، در قرن بیست و یکم با نفوذ گسترده رسانه‌های جمعی به ویژه شبکه‌های اجتماعی و ابزارهای پیام‌رسان موبایلی، ابعاد مختلف فضای زندگی انسان را به طور عام و کنشگران سیاسی آن، به طور خاص هر چه بیشتر در محدوده و تحت تأثیر این پدیده های فناورانه نوظهور در عصر اطلاعات و جامعه اطلاعاتی قرار داده است. این گسترش فضای سایبر در دوران کنونی بخش جدایی ناپذیر زندگی انسان‌ها می‌باشد. هدف پژوهش حاضر تحلیل اثربخشی نقش شبکه های اجتماعی در افزایش خودآگاهی و تاثیر مستقیم آن در افزایش مشارکت سیاسی و افزایش سطح سرمایه اجتماعی در ایران می باشد. لذا، پژوهش حاضر در صدد آن است تا به این سؤال که، آیا با افزایش شبکه‌های اجتماعی در ایران مشارکت سیاسی و در نهایت سطح سرمایه اجتماعی بالا خواهد رفت؟ بر این اساس فرضیه تحقیق این است که به نظر می‌رسد با افزایش شبکه‌های اجتماعی و استفاده از آن، سطح مشارکت سیاسی و سرمایه اجتماعی در ایران افزایش خواهد یافت. روشتحقیق در این مقاله، توصیفی- تحلیلی است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می دهد که، افزایش قدرت شبکه‌های مجازی در کشور باعث افزایش خودآگاهی جامعه و افزایش سطح مشارکت‌سیاسی خواهد شد و در نهایت سطح سرمایه اجتماعی را بالا خواهد برد و افزایش سطح سرمایه اجتماعی باعث افزایش سطح سرمایه اقتصادی و فرهنگی می‌شود که نتیجه آن توسعه سیاسی کشور خواهد بود.

المصادر:

1. Abdolahian, Hamid, Haghgooui, Ahsan. (2009). Explaining the Relationship Between Internet Security and Political Participation in Iran, Iranian Journal of Sociology, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 41-1.


2. Abdollahi, Hamid Reza. (2008). A Study of the Relationship between Social Trust and Social Participation (Case Study of Nikanamdeh Village, Shemiranat Province), Master's Thesis, Supervisor Ahmad Firoozabadi, University of Tehran, Faculty of Social Sciences.


3. Ahrari, Ibrahim (2004), The Role of Media in Community Control, Journal of Research and Evaluation, Audiovisual, Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, No. 37. [Persian]


4. Alvani, Mehdi and Alireza Shirvani (2006). Social Capital, Concepts, Theories and Applications, Tehran: Manni Publishing.


5. Alvani, Seyyed Mehdi and Mirali Sayed Naghavi (2002). Social Capital, Concepts and Theories, Journal of Management Studies, Issue 33-34, pp. 3- 26.


6. Ansari, Zahra; Hosseinpour Motlagh, Mahdi; Ghorbani Sepehr, Arash. (2018). New Approach to Political Participation in Iran (Emphasizing the Role of the Cyber Room in the Presidential Elections of the Twelfth), Tehran: Iran Geopolitics Association Publication. [Persian]


7. Ashori, Dariush. (2003). Political Encyclopedia, Tehran: morvarid Publishing. [Persian]


8. Bashirieh, Hossein .(2002), The Transformation of Self-Consciousness and Political Identities in Iran, National Journal of National Studies, Third Year, No. 11, pp. 127-117. [Persian]


9. Bashirieh, Hossein. (2003). Teaching Political Knowledge (The Foundations of Political Science and Planning), Tehran: Moaser Publication. [Persian]


10. Basirian Jahromi, Hussein. (2013). Social Media, Dimensions and Capacities, Tehran: Office of Media Studies and Planning. [Persian]

1. Bourdieu, P. (1985). The Forms of Capital in Handbook of theory and research for the Sociology of education. ed.jg.Richarson, Newyork: Greanwood, p.248.


2. Dahlgren, P. (2005) the Internet, Public Sphere and Political Communication: Dispersion and Deliberation, Political Communication, 22: 147-162.


3. Evans, B. and Joas, M. and Sundback, S. and Theobald, K. (2005). Governing Sustainable Cities, Earthscan


4. Jansen, A. (2001). Democracy & Internet, Third World Quarterly, vol.22.NO.1.


5. Jonsson, Urban. (2003). Human Rights Approach to Development Programming,‌UNICEF


6. Malina, A. (2000) Can Website Change Citizens Retrieved on June 3, 2007 from Www.Umich.Edu/Iuoai.


7. Pamela Ogwuazor Momah, Tunisia, Egypt (2013). “The Social Media and Political Activism”. Journal Huminities and Social Science, Vol. 6.


8. Putnam, R. (1995) “Bowling Alone: American`s Declining Social Capital”, Journal of Democracy, 6(1):65-78.

12. Colman, James. (1998). Foundations of Social Theory. Translation by Manouchehr Sabouri, Tehran: Publishing Ney.

15. Fathian, Mohammad. (2003). the formation of modern societies on information technology, Web, No. 37, pp. 78-81.


16. Field, John. (2006). Social Capital, Translation by Jalal Mottaqi, Tehran, Social Security Research Institute.


17. Fukuyama, Francis. (2000). End of Order, Gholam Abbas Tavassoli Translation, Tehran, Iranian Society of Publications


18. Fukuyama, Francis. (2005). Social Capital and Civil Society, in Social Capital, Democracy and Development, Kian Tajbakhsh, Afshin Khakbaz and Hasan Pooyan, Tehran: Shiraz Publishing.


19. Ghasemzadeh, Morteza. (2011). the role of social networks in regional and international developments, "our portal for politics, public diplomacy and media.


20. Ghavvam, Sayed Abdul Ali. (2010). Politics of the Foundations of Political Science, Tehran: Publication.


21. Ghorbani Sepehr, Arash and Mohsen Janparvar. (2017). Explaining the Place of Chastity and Hijab from the Perspective of Citizenship Rights, Tehran: Proceedings of the National Conference on Scientific and Applied Approaches to Chastity and Hijab, Al-Zahra University, pp. 26-1.


22. Hegel, Georges and Friedrich Wilhelm. (1957). Reason in History, Hamid Enayat, Tehran, Sharif University of Technology.


23. Imam Sadeq University website, http://www.isu.ac.ir.


24. Ja'farpour, Mahmoud. (2011). Conceptualism and Investigating the Variables Affecting the Acceptance of Virtual Social Networks and the Role of Public Institutions in Iran, Journal of Strategic Studies of Basij, No. 52, pp. 148-109. [Persian]


25. Jamrasi Farahani, Ali. (1995). Theoretical Concepts of National Security, Tehran: Governmental Training Center. [Persian]

28. Khaniki, Hadi. (2011). Social Networking Cyberspace, Concept and Functions, Quarterly Journal of Iranian Society of Information Society Studies, Volume 1, Issue 1, pp.96-70. [Persian]


29. Kohen, Karl. (1994). Democracy. Fariborz Majidi Translator, Tehran, Kharazmi Publishing Co. Publications.


30. Mahdavi, Abolghasem and Sajjad Barkhordari. (2006). Economic Capital and Economic Development (Case of Iran), Proceedings of the Conference on Social Capital and Development in Iran.

32. Mehdi Zadeh, Seyed Mohammad. (2009). Internet and Political Communication, Homeschooling Center for Education and Research, http://www.hamshahritraining.ir.


33. Minavand Chal, Mohammad Gholi. (2002). Investigating the Capability and Functionality of the Internet as a Political Domain, Ph.D. in Political Science, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University.


34. Moein, Mohammed. (2007). Dean Culture, Tehran: Zarrin Publishing.


35. Momtaz, Farideh. (2004). Introducing the concept of class from the perspective of Bourdieu, Human Sciences Research Institute, No. 42-41, pp. 160-149.


36. Musaei, Meysam and Saeed Raei Sadighiani. (2008). Social Capital and Economic Development; A New Attitude Approach, Jasmine Strategic Quarterly, No. 17, pp. 75-57.


37. Nickpour, Amer and Associates. (2016). Spatial Analysis of the Pattern of Political Participation of Citizens in the 4th Amol Islamic Consultative Assembly. (2013). Geographical Research of Urban Planning, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 299-322.


38. Nye, Joseph (2004): The paradox of American power: why the world's only superpower can't go it alone, New York, oxford university press.

40. Poornaqdi, Behzad and Arshad Bakhtiari. (2013). Cyber terrorism and its importance in disrupting international security, International Police Study, No. 14, pp. 46-29. [Persian]


41. Portes, A. (1998). Social Capital: Its origins and Applicationsin Modern Sociology, Annual Review of Sociology, 24(1) p6.

43. Rahmanzadeh, Seyed Ali. (2010). The Function of Virtual Social Networks in the Age of Globalization, Islamic Azad University, Gayam Dasht Unit, Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 49-31. [Persian]. [Persian]


44. Raja'i, pharhang. (2000). the phenomenon of globalization; human condition and information civilization, translation by Abdolhossein Azarang, Tehran. Agah publication. [Persian]


45. Ravech, Liu. (2003). Hegel's Philosophy, Translation by Abdul Ali Dastgheib, Abadan: Parastesh Publishing. [Persian]


46. Rush, Michael. (1998). Society and Politics: An Introduction to Political Sociology, Translated by Manouchehr Sabouri, Tehran: Samt publication. [Persian]


47. Sadri, Mohammad Reza and Mohammad Taghi Karroubi. (2005). Legal Dimensions of the Cyber Cycle in the Light of National Development, Lecture Series and Articles of the First Legal Conference on Information and Communication Technology of the country. [Persian]


48. Sam Band, Meysam. (2011). The Effect of New Media on Increasing or Reducing Political Participation, Journal of Research, No. 50, pp. 181-163. [Persian]


49. Sardar Abadi, Khalil. (2004). Study of the Impact of Mass Media, New Communication Technologies and Interpersonal Communications on Students Political Knowledge, PhD thesis, Tarbiat Modarres University. [Persian]


50. Shabani, Ahmad. (2003). the Information Society of Iran and its Confrontational Challenges Research Information Processing and Information Management, Volume 19, Issue 1 & 2, pp. 7-1. [Persian]


51. Shabani, Nasser. (2011). The role of virtual social networks in organizing sedition in 2009, Journal of Cultural Endurance of the Islamic Revolution, vol. 4, No. 34, pp. 82-51. [Persian]


52. Sohrabi, Abolfazl and Gholam Reza Jandaghi. (2005). Investigation of Social Factors Affecting Academic Loss in High School Students by Determining the Share of Factors, Journal of Organizational Culture Management, Volume 3, Issue 1, pp.179-147. [Persian]


53. Storberg, J. (2002). The Evolution of Capital Theory: A Critque of a Theory of Social Capital and Implications For HRD, Human Resource Development Review; 1; 468


54. Tabibi Jebeli, Majid et al. (2017). The Role of Social Networking in Political Culture in Iran (Case Study: Tehran University Students, Iranian Social Development Studies Magazine, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 73-61. [Persian]


55. Tajbakhsh, Kian. (2005). Social Capital, Trust, Democracy and Development, Tehran, Shiraz Publishing House. [Persian]


56. Tavakoli, Morteza and Tajbakhsh, Kazem. (2008). Analysis and analysis of rural development and social capital in urban and rural border areas of Sistan, Quarterly Journal of Village Development, No. 2, pp. 162-143. [Persian]


57. Tavasoli, Gholam Abbas and Marzieh Mousavi (2005), The concept of capital in the classical and the new views, with emphasis on social capital theories, Social Sciences Letters, No. 26, pp. 32-1. [Persian]


58. Technology Rights Newsletter. (2003). the emergence of the Information Society, Committee on Technology Law Studies, Office of Presidential Technology Cooperation, No. 6. [Persian]


59. Winter, I. (2000). Toward a Theorized Understand of Family Life and Social Capital, Australian Institute of family Studies, Working Paper, No 21, and Sited in: WWW.aifs.org.au.


60. Woolcock, M. and Narayan, D. (2000). Social Capital: Implications for.