بررسی تغییرات آب مجازی محصولات زراعی در عرض‌های جغرافیایی مختلف شرق کشور
الموضوعات :علی عارفی نیا 1 , خالد احمدآلی 2
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد منابع آب، گروه آبیاری و آبادانی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
2 - استادیار پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
الکلمات المفتاحية: عرض جغرافیایی, نیاز آبی, آب مجازی, محصولات غالب, عملکرد محصولات زراعی,
ملخص المقالة :
دما یک عامل کلیدی در میزان عملکرد، نیازآبی و درنتیجه آب مجازی محصولات مختلف کشاورزی است. لذا بررسی اثر عرض جغرافیایی به عنوان یکی از موثرترین عوامل بر آب مجازی محصولات کشاورزی ب ضروری است. در این تحقیق محتوای آب مجازی نُه محصول عمده زراعی یعنی گندم، جو، یونجه، چغندرقند، ذرت، هندوانه، گوجه، پیاز و سیب‌زمینی در استانهای شرقی با استفاده از آمار 20 ساله محاسبه گردید. سپس با استفاده از نرم‌افزار ArcGIS، متوسط آب مجازی هریک از محصولات در عرض‌های جغرافیایی از 25 تا 38 درجه شمالی به فواصل یک‌درجه محاسبه شده و مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. بررسی میزان همبستگی بین آب مجازی با نیازآبی و عملکرد محصولات نشان داد که میانگین آب‌مجازی با میانگین نیاز آبی محصولات مورد بررسی همبستگی مستقیم به اندازه 65 درصد و با میانگین عملکرد آنها 74 درصد همبستگی معکوس دارد. مقادیر میانگین آب مجازی محصولات مورد بررسی از کمترین به بیشترین عبارتست از 19/0، 38/0، 45/0، 46/0، 53/0، 57/0، 59/1، 69/1 و 80/1 هزار مترمکعب بر تن که به ترتیب مربوط محصولات ذرت، چغندرقند، پیاز، ، هندوانه، گوجه، سیب‌زمینی، یونجه، جو و گندم می‌باشد. نتایج نشان داد که الگوی تغییرات تابع آب مجازی محصولات مورد بررسی نسبت به متغیر مستقل عرض جغرافیایی در همه موارد گوسی شکل است که علیرغم مقادیر ماگزیمم متفاوت آب مجازی، این مقادیر، در بازه‌ی مکانی 30 تا 33 درجه عرض شمالی اتفاق افتاده است و با دور شدن از بازه ذکر شده به سمت عرض‌های بالاتر و یا پایین‌تر محتوی آب مجازی همه محصولات کاهش می‌یابد.
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