تاثیر تمرین هوازی و مکمل اکتاپامین بر عوامل آنتی اکسیدانی و آدیپونکتین متعاقب رژیم غذایی با روغن های حرارت دیده عمیق در رت های سالم
الموضوعات :
امراله تعاون کردار
1
(دانشجوی دکتری گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد سنندج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سنند، ایران)
ظاهر اعتماد
2
(استادیار گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد سنندج ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سنندج، ایران)
خالید محمدزاده سلامت
3
(استادیار گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد سنندج ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سنندج، ایران)
کمال عزیزبیگی
4
(دانشیار گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد سنندج ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سنندج، ایران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: آدیپوکاین, آنتی اکسیدان تام پلاسما, اکتاپامین, تمرین هوازی, سوپر اکسید دسموتاز,
ملخص المقالة :
مقدمه: امروزه سرخ کردن عمیق یک روش عمومی پخت است که در آن از چربی به عنوان محیط انتقال گرما استفاده می شود و در طی آن غذاهایی با خصوصیات منحصر به فرد از نظر طعم و ظاهر تولید می شود. در روغن های حرارت دیده عمیق ترکیباتی ایجاد می شود که سلامتی افراد را به خطر می اندازد. هدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی تاثیر تمرین هوازی و اکتاپامین بر عوامل آنتی اکسیدانی و تغییرات غلظت آدیپونکتین در رت های تغذیه شده با روغن حرارت دیده عمیق می باشد. مواد و روش ها: بدین منظور 40 رت ویستار انتخاب و به طور تصادفی در گروه های کنترل- مسمومیت (8=n)، تمرین- مسمومیت (8=n)، مکمل- مسمومیت (8=n)، مکمل- تمرین- مسمومیت (8=n) و کنترل- سالم (8=n) قرار گرفتند و به مدت چهارهفته با مواد غذایی تهیه شده با روغن حرارت دیده تغذیه شدند. تمرینات هوازی به مدت چهار هفته و با شدت متوسط 65-50 درصد حداکثر اکسیژن مصرفی به صورت سه جلسه در هفته و به مدت 20 دقیقه انجام شد. اکتاپامین به عنوان مکمل به مدت 4 هفته و 5 روز در هفته با استفاده از دز μmol/kg 81به صورت تزریق درون صفاقی( IP محلول با نرمال سالین 9 درصد) استفاده شد. فعالیت آنزیم سوپر اکسید دسموتاز، ظرفیت انتی اکسیدان تام پلاسما و غلظت هورمون آدیپونکتین سنجش شد. یافته ها: فعالیت آنزیم سوپر اکسید دسموتاز و ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدان پلاسما و نیز غلظت ادیپونکتین در گروه تمرین- مسمومیت و گروه تمرین- مکمل- مسمومیت در مقایسه با گروه کنترل- مسمومیت به طور معنی داری افزایش یافت (001/≥p). با وجود این بین گروه تمرین- مسمومیت و تمرین- مکمل- مسمومیت و گروه مکمل- مسمومیت تفاوت معنی داری در هیچکدام از متغیرهای مذکور مشاهده نشد (05/0=p). نتیجه گیری: به نظر می رسد تمرین و یا مصرف مکمل اکتاپامین به تنهایی مزایایی سلامتی اثرات ترکیبی هر دو را داشته باشد و از لحاظ هزینه؛ به نظر می رسد اعمال هرکدام به تنهایی به صرفه تر از ترکیب هر دو باشد.
Amini, H., Azarbayjani, M. A. & Azizbeigi, K. (2018a). The Effect of 8 Weeks of Resistance Training on Gene Expression Lymphocyte Antioxidant Enzymes and Malondialdehyde in Healthy Inactive Men. Qom University of Medical Sciences Journal, 12(2), 74-83 [In Persian].
Atashak, S. & Azizbeigi, K. (2017). Effects of concurrent exercise training on the oxidative stress biomarkers concentration in elderly men. Koomesh, 19(1), 36-45.
Axelrod, J. & Saavedra, J. M. (1997). Nature, 10, 265, 501-504.
Azizbeigi, K, .Stannard, S. R. & Atashak, S. (2019). Green Tea Supplementation during Resistance Training Minimally Effects Systemic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Indices in Obese Men, Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products, 14(1), e61419. [In Persian].
Beaumont, R. E., Cordery, P., James, L. J. & Watson, P. (2017). Supplementation with a low-dose of octopamine does not influence endurance cycling performance in recreationally active men. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 20 (10), 952-956.
Becic, T., Studenik, C. & Hoffmann, G. (2018). Exercise Increases Adiponectin and Reduces Leptin Levels in Prediabetic and Diabetic Individuals: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Medical Sciences (Basel), 6(4), 97.
Benzie, I. F. & Strain, J. J. (1999). Ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay: direct measure of total antioxidant activity of biological fluids and modified version for simultaneous measurement of total antioxidant power and ascorbic acid concentration. Methods in Enzymology, 299, 15-27.
Blüher, M. (2009) Adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes, 117(06), 241–250
De Oliveira, A. L., de Paula, M. N., Comar, J. F., Vilela, V. R., Peralta, R. M. & Bracht, A. (2013). Adrenergic metabolic and hemodynamic effects of octopamine in the liver. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 5, 14(11), 21858-21872.
Etemad, Z. & Rasouli, Zh. (2019). Effect of Endurance Exercise Along with Strawberry Supplementation on Lipid Profile and Inflammatory Markers in Overweight and Inactive Young Women. Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 23(3), 1-5.
Fang, Y. Z., Yang, S. & Wu, G. (2002). Free radicals, antioxidants, and nutrition. Nutrition, 18(10),872-879.
Faroon, O., Roney, N., Taylor, J., Ashizawa, A., Lumpkin, M. H. & Plewak, D. J. (2008).
Acroleinhealth effects. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 24(7), 447–490.
Florence, T. M. (1995). The role of free radicals in disease. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Ophthalmology, 23(1), 3-7.
Haghighi, A. H., Yarahmadi, H. & Ildar Abadi, A. (2015). The effect of green tea and aerobic exercise on serum adiponectin and ghrelin. Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 57(8), 904-912 [In Persian].
Hofmann, B. (2001). The technological invention of disease. Medical Humanities, 27(1), 10-19.
Huang, M., Narita, S., Numakura, K., Tsuruta, H., Saito, M. & Inoue, T. (2012). A high‐fat diet enhances proliferation of prostate cancer cells and activates MCP‐1/CCR2 signaling. The Prostate, 72(16), 1779-1788.
Ji, L. L., Fu, R. G. & Mitchell, E. (1992). Glutathione and antioxidant enzyme in skeletal muscle: Effect of fiber type and exercise intensity. Journal of Applied Physiology, 73(5), 1854-1859.
Kim, J. H., Yoon, M. S. & Chen, J. (2009). Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) mediates amino acid inhibition of insulin signaling through serine 727 phosphorylation. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 284(51), 35425–35432.
Kita, A., Lisinska, G. & Golubowska, G. (2007). The effects of oils and frying temperatures on the texture and fat content of potato crisps. Food Chemistry, 102(1), 1-5.
Knight, J. A. (2012). Physical inactivity: associated diseases and disorders. Annals of Clinical & Laboratory Science, 42(3), 320-337.
Liu, M. L., Bergholm, R., Makimattila, S., Lahdenpera, S., Valkonen, M., Hilden, H. & Yki- Jarvinen. (1999). A marathon run increases the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation in vitro and modifies plasma antioxidant. American Journal of Physiology, 276(6), 1083-1091.
Macêdo, L. G. R. P., Carvalho-Silva, M. & Ferreira, G. K. (2013). Effect of Acute Administration of l-Tyrosine on Oxidative Stress Parameters in Brain of Young Rats. Neurochemical Research, 38(12), 2625–2630.
Mahmudi, R., Azarbayjani, M. A., Peeri, M. & Farzanegi, P. (2020). Effects of Training and Octopamine Supplementation on Expression of M1 and M2 Monocyte/Macrophage Surface Markers in White Adipose Tissue of Rats Poisoned with Deep-Fried Oil. Gene, Cell and Tissue, 7(1), e100036.
Marklund, S. & Marklund, G. (1974). Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. European Journal of Biochemistry, 47(3), 469-474.
Mellema, M. (2003). Mechanism and reduction of fat uptake in deep-fried foods. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 14(9), 364-373.
Moghe, A., Ghare, S., Lamoreau, B., Mohammad, M., Barve, S., McClain, C. & Joshi-Barve, S. (2015). Molecular mechanisms of acrolein toxicity: relevance to human disease. Toxicological Sciences, 43(2), 242-255.
Parise, G., Phillips, S. M., Kaczor, J. J. & Tarnopolsky, M. A. (2005). Antioxidant enzyme activity is up-regulated after unilateral resistance exercise training in older adults. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 39(2), 289-295.
Prior, S. L., Tang, T. S., Gill, G. V., Bain, S. C., Stephens, J. W. (2001). Adiponectin, total antioxidant status, and urine albumin excretion in the low-risk "Golden Years" type 1 diabetes mellitus cohort. Metabolism, 60(2), 173-179.
Ramond, A., Godin-Ribuot, D., Ribuot, C., Totoson, P., Koritchneva, I., Cachot, S., Levy, P. & Joyeux-Faure, M. (2011). Oxidative stress mediates cardiac infarction aggravation induced by intermittent hypoxia. Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology, 27 (3), 252–261.
Roeder, T. (2005). Tyramine and octopamine: ruling behavior and metabolism. Annual Review of Entomology, 50:447-77.
Simpson, K. A. & Singh, M. A. (2008). Effects of exercise on adiponectin: a systematic review. Obesity (Silver Spring), 16(2), 241-56.
Thevis, M., Koch, A., Sigmund, G., Thomas, A. & Schänzer, W. (2012). Analysis of octopamine in human doping control samples. Biomedical Chromatography. 26(5), 610-615.
Tryfidou, D. V., McClean, C., Nikolaidis, M. G. & Davison, G. W. (2019). DNA Damage Following Acute Aerobic Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 50(1), 103-127.
Vincent, H. K., Morgan, J. W. & Vincent, K. R. (2004). Obesity exacerbates oxidative stress levels after acute exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36(5), 772-779.
Wang, L., Sun, Y., Asahi, M. & Otsu, K. (2011). Acrolein, an environmental toxin, induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis via elevated intracellular calcium and free radicals. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, 6(1)1, 131-136.
White, K. A., Hutton, S. R., Weimer, J. M. & Sheridan, P. A. (2016). Diet-induced obesity prolongs neuroinflammation and recruits CCR2+ monocytes to the brain following herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 latency in mice. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 57, 68-78.
Zhao, Y., Wang, L., Xue, H., Wang, H. & Wang, Y. (2017). Fast food consumption and its associations with obesity and hypertension among children: results from the baseline data of the Childhood Obesity Study in China Mega-cities. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 1-10.
_||_Amini, H., Azarbayjani, M. A. & Azizbeigi, K. (2018a). The Effect of 8 Weeks of Resistance Training on Gene Expression Lymphocyte Antioxidant Enzymes and Malondialdehyde in Healthy Inactive Men. Qom University of Medical Sciences Journal, 12(2), 74-83 [In Persian].
Atashak, S. & Azizbeigi, K. (2017). Effects of concurrent exercise training on the oxidative stress biomarkers concentration in elderly men. Koomesh, 19(1), 36-45.
Axelrod, J. & Saavedra, J. M. (1997). Nature, 10, 265, 501-504.
Azizbeigi, K, .Stannard, S. R. & Atashak, S. (2019). Green Tea Supplementation during Resistance Training Minimally Effects Systemic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Indices in Obese Men, Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products, 14(1), e61419. [In Persian].
Beaumont, R. E., Cordery, P., James, L. J. & Watson, P. (2017). Supplementation with a low-dose of octopamine does not influence endurance cycling performance in recreationally active men. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 20 (10), 952-956.
Becic, T., Studenik, C. & Hoffmann, G. (2018). Exercise Increases Adiponectin and Reduces Leptin Levels in Prediabetic and Diabetic Individuals: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Medical Sciences (Basel), 6(4), 97.
Benzie, I. F. & Strain, J. J. (1999). Ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay: direct measure of total antioxidant activity of biological fluids and modified version for simultaneous measurement of total antioxidant power and ascorbic acid concentration. Methods in Enzymology, 299, 15-27.
Blüher, M. (2009) Adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes, 117(06), 241–250
De Oliveira, A. L., de Paula, M. N., Comar, J. F., Vilela, V. R., Peralta, R. M. & Bracht, A. (2013). Adrenergic metabolic and hemodynamic effects of octopamine in the liver. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 5, 14(11), 21858-21872.
Etemad, Z. & Rasouli, Zh. (2019). Effect of Endurance Exercise Along with Strawberry Supplementation on Lipid Profile and Inflammatory Markers in Overweight and Inactive Young Women. Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 23(3), 1-5.
Fang, Y. Z., Yang, S. & Wu, G. (2002). Free radicals, antioxidants, and nutrition. Nutrition, 18(10),872-879.
Faroon, O., Roney, N., Taylor, J., Ashizawa, A., Lumpkin, M. H. & Plewak, D. J. (2008).
Acroleinhealth effects. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 24(7), 447–490.
Florence, T. M. (1995). The role of free radicals in disease. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Ophthalmology, 23(1), 3-7.
Haghighi, A. H., Yarahmadi, H. & Ildar Abadi, A. (2015). The effect of green tea and aerobic exercise on serum adiponectin and ghrelin. Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 57(8), 904-912 [In Persian].
Hofmann, B. (2001). The technological invention of disease. Medical Humanities, 27(1), 10-19.
Huang, M., Narita, S., Numakura, K., Tsuruta, H., Saito, M. & Inoue, T. (2012). A high‐fat diet enhances proliferation of prostate cancer cells and activates MCP‐1/CCR2 signaling. The Prostate, 72(16), 1779-1788.
Ji, L. L., Fu, R. G. & Mitchell, E. (1992). Glutathione and antioxidant enzyme in skeletal muscle: Effect of fiber type and exercise intensity. Journal of Applied Physiology, 73(5), 1854-1859.
Kim, J. H., Yoon, M. S. & Chen, J. (2009). Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) mediates amino acid inhibition of insulin signaling through serine 727 phosphorylation. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 284(51), 35425–35432.
Kita, A., Lisinska, G. & Golubowska, G. (2007). The effects of oils and frying temperatures on the texture and fat content of potato crisps. Food Chemistry, 102(1), 1-5.
Knight, J. A. (2012). Physical inactivity: associated diseases and disorders. Annals of Clinical & Laboratory Science, 42(3), 320-337.
Liu, M. L., Bergholm, R., Makimattila, S., Lahdenpera, S., Valkonen, M., Hilden, H. & Yki- Jarvinen. (1999). A marathon run increases the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation in vitro and modifies plasma antioxidant. American Journal of Physiology, 276(6), 1083-1091.
Macêdo, L. G. R. P., Carvalho-Silva, M. & Ferreira, G. K. (2013). Effect of Acute Administration of l-Tyrosine on Oxidative Stress Parameters in Brain of Young Rats. Neurochemical Research, 38(12), 2625–2630.
Mahmudi, R., Azarbayjani, M. A., Peeri, M. & Farzanegi, P. (2020). Effects of Training and Octopamine Supplementation on Expression of M1 and M2 Monocyte/Macrophage Surface Markers in White Adipose Tissue of Rats Poisoned with Deep-Fried Oil. Gene, Cell and Tissue, 7(1), e100036.
Marklund, S. & Marklund, G. (1974). Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. European Journal of Biochemistry, 47(3), 469-474.
Mellema, M. (2003). Mechanism and reduction of fat uptake in deep-fried foods. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 14(9), 364-373.
Moghe, A., Ghare, S., Lamoreau, B., Mohammad, M., Barve, S., McClain, C. & Joshi-Barve, S. (2015). Molecular mechanisms of acrolein toxicity: relevance to human disease. Toxicological Sciences, 43(2), 242-255.
Parise, G., Phillips, S. M., Kaczor, J. J. & Tarnopolsky, M. A. (2005). Antioxidant enzyme activity is up-regulated after unilateral resistance exercise training in older adults. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 39(2), 289-295.
Prior, S. L., Tang, T. S., Gill, G. V., Bain, S. C., Stephens, J. W. (2001). Adiponectin, total antioxidant status, and urine albumin excretion in the low-risk "Golden Years" type 1 diabetes mellitus cohort. Metabolism, 60(2), 173-179.
Ramond, A., Godin-Ribuot, D., Ribuot, C., Totoson, P., Koritchneva, I., Cachot, S., Levy, P. & Joyeux-Faure, M. (2011). Oxidative stress mediates cardiac infarction aggravation induced by intermittent hypoxia. Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology, 27 (3), 252–261.
Roeder, T. (2005). Tyramine and octopamine: ruling behavior and metabolism. Annual Review of Entomology, 50:447-77.
Simpson, K. A. & Singh, M. A. (2008). Effects of exercise on adiponectin: a systematic review. Obesity (Silver Spring), 16(2), 241-56.
Thevis, M., Koch, A., Sigmund, G., Thomas, A. & Schänzer, W. (2012). Analysis of octopamine in human doping control samples. Biomedical Chromatography. 26(5), 610-615.
Tryfidou, D. V., McClean, C., Nikolaidis, M. G. & Davison, G. W. (2019). DNA Damage Following Acute Aerobic Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 50(1), 103-127.
Vincent, H. K., Morgan, J. W. & Vincent, K. R. (2004). Obesity exacerbates oxidative stress levels after acute exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36(5), 772-779.
Wang, L., Sun, Y., Asahi, M. & Otsu, K. (2011). Acrolein, an environmental toxin, induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis via elevated intracellular calcium and free radicals. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, 6(1)1, 131-136.
White, K. A., Hutton, S. R., Weimer, J. M. & Sheridan, P. A. (2016). Diet-induced obesity prolongs neuroinflammation and recruits CCR2+ monocytes to the brain following herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 latency in mice. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 57, 68-78.
Zhao, Y., Wang, L., Xue, H., Wang, H. & Wang, Y. (2017). Fast food consumption and its associations with obesity and hypertension among children: results from the baseline data of the Childhood Obesity Study in China Mega-cities. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 1-10.
