Respiration Rate and Some Physicochemical Characteristics of Salicornia bigelovii as a Leafy Green Vegetable
الموضوعات :
1 - Associate Professor of Packaging Engineering, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
2 - Assistant Professor of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
الکلمات المفتاحية: Quality Characteristics, Respiration Rate, Salicornia bigelovii,
ملخص المقالة :
Salicornia is a valuable halophyte annual plant in the most species. This salinity tolerance plant that grows insalt water marshes are found all over the world. Since salinity is a major stress factor, Salicornia is a priceless edible vegetable, considered to be a favourable resource for cultivation in arid and semiarid coastal zones. However, the important thing is that its properties should be well known especially as a leafy vegetable. On the other hand, Salicornia bigelovii is a perishable vegetable, with short storage life under ambient conditions. Thus, knowing its characteristics can be a great help to preserve it longer. Accordingly, the physicochemical properties, chemical composition and respiration rate of Salicornia biglovii grown in Aq-Qalla Salinity Research Station, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Iran were investigated in this paper. The results showed that the moisture content, total soluble solidscontent, pH, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content, salinity content, respiration rate, maximum force, displacement, and color indices (L*, a*, b*) of S. bigelovii are 89.67%, 15.83%, 6.11, 0.05%, 0.03%, 56ds/m, 26.80 mgCO2/kg.hr, 1.4 N, 1.47 mm, and 23.69, -6.77, 15.73, respectively. With respect to S.bigelovii plant as a leafy green vegetable, this plant is considered as a high respiration vegetable group.
Acamovic-Djokovic, G., Pavlovic, G.R., Mladenovic, J. & Djuric, M. (2011). Vitamin C content of different types of lettuce varieties. Acta agriculturae serbica, 16 (32), 83-89.
Ahmadi, H., Noroozy J., Farhoodi, M., Rahimi, M. R. & Rahmatzadeh, B. (2016). Extraction and physicochemical properties of Salicornia (Salicornia perssica Akhani sub sp. rudshurensis Akhani) oil. Iranian Journal of Nutrition Science & Food Technology, 11(1), 67-74.
Akhani, H. (2003). Salicornia persica Akhani (Chenopodiaceae) a remarkable new species from Central Iran. Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 35, 607–612.
Al-Oudat, M. & Qadir, M. (2011). The halophytic flora of Syria. International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Aleppo, Syria.
Anon. (2012). Salicornia bigelovii Torr. Plants for a future, registered company No. 3204567 in England and Wales. https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Salicornia+bigelovii.
Anwar, F., Bhanger, M., Nasir, M. K. A. & Ismail, S. (2002). Analytical characterization of Salicornia bigelovii seed oil cultivated in Pakistan. Journal of AgriculturalandFood Chemistry, 50(15), 4210-4214.
Association of Analytical Communities (AOAC). 2005a. Method 923.03. In: Official Methods of Analysis, 21st Edition, AOAC International Publisher, Gaithersburg.
Association of Analytical Communities (AOAC). 2005b. Method 967.21. In: Official Methods of Analysis, 18th Edition, AOAC International Publisher, Gaithersburg
Bashan, Y., Moreno, M. & Troyo, E. (2000). Growth promotion of the seawater-irrigated oilseed halophyte Salicornia bigelovii inoculated with mangrove rhizosphere bacteria and halotolerant Azospirillum spp.Biology and Fertility of Soils, 32, 265-272.
Choi, D., Lim, G. S., Piao, Y. L., Choi, O. Y., Cho, K. A., Park, C. B., Chang, Y. C., Song, Y. I., LEE, M. K. & Cho, H. (2014). Characterization, stability, and antioxidant activity of Salicornia herbaciea seed oil. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 31, 2221-2228.
Clark, A. (1994). Samphire: from sea to shining seed. Saudi Aramco World, 45(6), 2-9.
Glenn, E. P., Brown, J. J. & O’Leary, J. W. (1998). Irrigating crops with seawater. Scientific American, 279 (2): 76-81.
Glenn, E. P., Oleary, J. W., Watson, M. C., Thompson, T. L. & Kuehl, R. O. (1991). Salicornia bigelovii Torr.: an oilseed halophyte for seawater irrigation. Science, 251 (4997): 1065-1067.
Grattan, S. R., Benes, S. E., Peters, D. W. & Diaz, F. (2008). Journal of Environmental Quality [Supplement], 37, 149 – 156.
Gross, K. C., Wang, C. Y. & Saltveit, M. (2016). Agriculture Handbook Number 66: The commercial storage of fruits, vegetables, and florist and nursery stocks. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Hassan El-Mallah, M., Murui, T. & El-Shami, S. (1994). Detailed studies on seed oil of Salicornia SOS-7 cultivated at the egyptian border of Red Sea. Grasas y Aceites, 45(6), 385-389.
Isca, V. M. S., Seca, A. M. L., Pinto, D. C. G. A. & Silva, A. M. S. (2014). An overview of Salicornia genus: the phytochemical and pharmacological profile, in: “Natural roducts: Research Reviews”, (Gupta, V.K., Ed.). pp. 145-176.
Kader, A. & Barrett, D. M. (2004). Classification, composition of fruits and postharvest maintenance of quality, in: “Processing fruits” (Barrett, D.M., Somogyi, L., and Ramaswamy, H., Eds.). Boca Raton, USA: CRC Press.
Kadereit, G., Ball, P., Beer, S., Mucina, L., Sokoloff, D., Teege, P., Yaprak, A. E. & Freitag, H. (2007). A taxonomic nightmare comes true: phylogeny and biogeography of glassworts (Salicornia L., Chenopodiaceae). Taxon, 56 (4), 1143–1170.
Kadereit, G., Piirainen, M., Lambinon, J., and Vanderpoorten, A. (2012). Cryptic taxa should have names. Reflections on the glasswort genus Salicornia (Amaranthaceae). Taxon, 61: 1227–1239.
Kang, S., Kim, D., Lee, B. H., Kim, M. R., Chiang, M. & Hong, J. (2011). Antioxidant properties and cytotoxic effects of fractions from glasswort (Salicornia herbacea) seed extracts on human intestinal cells. Food Science and Biotechnology, 20(1), 115-122.
Konopacka, D. & Plocharski, W. J. (2004). Effect of storage conditions on the relationship between apple firmness and texture acceptability. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 32, 205-211.
Lim, Y. B., Kim, H. W., Hwang, K. E., Song, D. H., Kim, Y. J., Ham, Y. K., Jang, S. J., Lee, C. H., He, F. Y., Choi, Y. S. & Kim, C. J. (2015). Effects of Glasswort (Salicornia herbacea L.) Hydrates on Quality Characteristics of Reduced-salt, Reduced-fat Frankfurters. Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources, 35, 783-792.
Lu, D. (2009). Studies on Technology, Mechanism and Model of Salicornia Bigelovii Torr. MAP Storage with Silicon Gu. PhD thesis, Jiangnan University.
Lu, D. H., Zhang, M., Wang, S. J., Cai, J. L., Zhu, C. P. & Zhou, X. (2009). Effects of modified atmosphere packaging with different sizes of silicon gum film windows on Salicornia bigelovii Torr. storage. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 89, 1559–1564.
Lu, D., Zhang, M., Wang, S., Cai, J., Zhou, X. & Zhu, C. (2010). Nutritional characterization and changes in quality of Salicornia bigelovii Torr. during storage. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 43, 519-524.
Maftoonazad, N., Ramaswamy, H. S. & Marcotte, M. (2008). Shelf-life extension of peaches through sodium alginate and methyl cellulose edible coatings. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 43, 951-957.
Mangaraj, S. & Goswami, T. K. (2009). Modified atmosphere packaging of fruits and vegetables for extending shelf-life: a review. Fresh Produce, 3(1), 1-31. Global Science Books.
Martinez, J. A. (2010). Optimizacion en el envasado en atmosfera modificada de lechuga iceberg. PhD thesis, University of Murcia.
Patel, S. (2016). Salicornia: evaluating the halophytic extremophile as a food and a pharmaceutical candidate. 3 Biotech, 6(1), 14. Springer.
Toivonen, P. M. A. (2016). Postharvest physiology of fruits and vegetables, in: Postharvest ripening physiology of crops (Ed. Pareek, S.). CRC Press.
Raposo, M. F. D. J., DE Morais, R. M. S. C. & DE Morais, A. M. M. B. (2009). Controlled atmosphere storage for preservation of Salicornia ramosissima. International Journal of Postharvest Technology and Innovation, 1, 394-404.
Rhee, M. H., Park, H. J. & Cho, J. Y. (2009). Salicornia herbacea: Botanical, chemical and pharmacological review of halophyte marsh plant. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 3(8), 548-455.
Sahraei Khosh Gardesh, A., Badii, F., Hashemi, M., Yasini Ardakani, A., Maftoonazad, N. & Mousapour Gorji, A. (2016). Effect of nanochitosan based coating on climacteric behavior and postharvest shelf-life extension of apple cv. Golab Kohanz. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 70, 33-40.
Schalke, D. (2015). Salicornia:a great greenhouse crop for niche markets [Online]. http://www.hortidaily.com/article/20419/Salicornia-a-great-greenhouse-crop-for-niche-markets.
Sharon, P. S. & Martha, C. S. (2010). Post-harvest Technology of Horticultural Crops. Mehra Offset Press. Delhi., 315P.
Tanaka, T. (1976). Tanaka's cyclopaedia of edible plants of the world. Keigaku Publishing Co, Tokyo, 1st edition.
Vargas-Arcila, M., Cartagena-Valenzuela, J. R., Germán Franco, G., Correa-Londoño, G. A., Quintero-Vásquez, L. M. & Gaviria-Montoya, C. A. (2017). Changes in the physico-chemical properties of four lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) varieties during storage. Corpoica Cienc Technol Agropecuaria, Mosquera (Colombia), 18 (2), 257-273.
Varoquaux, P., Mazollier, J. & Albagnac, G. (1996). The influence of raw material characteristics on the storage life of fresh cut butterhead lettuce. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 9(2): 127-139.
Weeks, J. R. (1986). The growth and water relations of a coastal halophyte, Salicornia bigelovii. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
Zerai, D. B., Glenn, E. P., Chatervedi, R., Lu, Z. J., Mamood, A. N., Nelson, S. G. & Ray, D. T. (2010). Potential for the improvement of Salicornia bigelovii through selective breeding. Ecological Engineering, 36 (5), 730-739.
