تاثیر انرژی های تجدیدپذیر بر اقتصاد سبز
الموضوعات :سمیه دانشوری 1 , پروانه سلاطین 2 , محمد خلیل زاده 3
1 - کارشناسی ارشد، رشته مهندسی صنایع، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 - استادیار، گروه اقتصاد، واحد فیروزکوه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فیروزکوه، ایران. * (مسئول مکاتبات)
3 - استادیار، گروه مهندسی صنایع، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
الکلمات المفتاحية: انرژی های تجدیدپذیر, داده های پانل, گازهای گلخانه ای, اقتصاد سبز,
ملخص المقالة :
زمینه و هدف: با افزایش جمعیت جهان و محدود بودن منابع انرژی، کشورها با مشکل مصرف انرژی مواجه شده اند. بحران هایی که کشورها و جوامع بشری را تهدید می کند، محدود بودن منابع انرژی های تجدیدناپذیر (فسیلی) و نیز افزایش آلودگی های زیست محیطی ناشی از مصرف بیش از اندازه سوخت های فسیلی است که این عوامل ضرورت و اهمیت توجه به استفاده از منابع انرژی تجدیدپذیر را نشان می دهد. ارتباط تنگاتنگ میان موضوعات اقتصادی و زیست محیطی سبب مطرح شدن رویکردهای جدید در حوزه حقوق بین الملل محیط زیست شده است که یکی از مهمترین آنها، اقتصاد سبز می باشد. از آن جایی که یکی از مهم ترین اهداف اقتصاد سبز، کاهش انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای است، لذا استفاده از منابع انرژی تجدید پذیر یک راه میانبر برای رسیدن به اقتصاد سبز می باشد. در این راستا هدف اصلی این مقاله، بررسی مقایسه ای میزان تاثیرگذاری انرژی های تجدیدپذیر بر اقتصاد سبز در گروه کشورهای منتخب درآمد متوسط و درآمد بالا است. روش بررسی: تحقیق حاضر یک تحقیق کاربردی و از نظر روش تحقیق استنباطی است. روش و ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات و منابع آماری نیز روش اسنادی مکتوب، اطلاعات الکترونیکی و فیش برداری می باشد. یافته ها: نتایج حاصل از برآورد مدل در گروه کشورهای منتخب به روش اثرات ثابت در دوره زمانی 2016- 2005 نشان داد که مصرف انرژی های تجدیدپذیر تاثیر منفی و معنی داری بر انتشار گاز دی اکسید کربن به عنوان شاخص نشان دهنده اقتصاد سبز در گروه کشورهای منتخب دارد. همچنین میزان تاثیرگذاری انرژی های تجدیدپذیر بر اقتصاد سبز در گروه کشورهای منتخب درآمد متوسط بیشتر از گروه کشورهای منتخب درآمد بالا است. سایر نتایج نشان داد که رشد اقتصادی و درجه باز بودن اقتصاد تاثیر مثبت و معنی دار و سرمایه انسانی، فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات (فاوا) و حاکمیت قانون تاثیر منفی و معنی داری بر انتشار گاز دی اکسید کربن به عنوان شاخص نشان دهنده اقتصاد سبز در گروه کشورهای منتخب دارند. بحث و نتیجه گیری: انرژی های تجدیدپذیر، تمیز (پاک)، فراوان و قابل اعتماد هستند و در صورتی که به طور صحیح توسعه یابند، می توانند به عنوان منابع انرژی پایدار نقش مهمی در رسیدن به اهداف توسعه پایدار داشته باشند. دلیل اصلی تاکید بر استفاده از انرژی های تجدیدپذیر، علاوه بر کمک به حل معضلات زیست محیطی و جلوگیری از هدر رفتن سوخت های فسیلی، حفاظت از منابع طبیعی برای نسل های آینده است که بدون شک انرژی های تجدید پذیر با توجه به سادگی فناوری شان نقش مهمی در اقتصاد سبز و توسعه اقتصادی پایدار دارند.
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- Ramezani Ghavamabadi, M.H., 2014, “Green economy: A step towards realizing sustainable development in international environmental law”, Journal of Encyclopedia of Economic Law (Previous knowledge and development Journal), Vol. 21, No.6. (In Persian).
- Shafi pour, M. and Safar, N., 2013, “Towards green economy: Ways of Sustainable Development and Combined Poverty Reduction for Policy Makers”, United Nations Environment Programme, Tehran, Environmental Protection Organization. (In Persian).
- Barimani, M. and Kaabi Nejadian, A., 2014, “Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development in Iran”, Quarterly Scientific and specialized journal of renewable energy, No.1. (In Persian).
- Vaezi, E., 2011, “Analysis of electricity supply policies from wind and solar resources”, MSc., Tehran University, Department of Industrial Engineering. (In Persian).
- Ebrahimi Ghavamabadi, L. and Ebrahim Zadeh, S.M.A., 2013, “The economic and environmental aspects of renewable energy”, The first National Conference on New and Clean Energy. (In Persian).
- Tavakoli, A., Shafi Pour, M., Ashrafi, Kh., 2013, “Energy, Economics and the Environment (3E) with the Green Economy Approach”, The first National Conference on Environment, Energy and Bio-Defense. (In Persian).
- UNEP, 2016, “Sustainable Consumption and Production Branch: Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production”, [WWW Document].URL.
- Kouhi, E., Shobeiri, S.M., Yousef Pour, Z., Kouhi, E., Meibodi, H., 2015, “A look at the positive impact of clean and renewable energies on sustainable development and environmental protection”, The first annual congress of the world and the energy crisis, Kharazmi High School of Science and Technology, Shiraz. (In Persian).
- Gol Rokhian, M., 2012, “Green Economy and its Role in Sustainable Development”, Journal of Sharif Mechanical, Vol. 15, No. 41. (In Persian).
- Saremi, H.R., Hadavand, R., 2014, “Investigating the Role of New Energy in Green Economy with Emphasis on Green Buildings”, The second National Conference on Architecture, Restoration, Urbanism and Sustainable Environment, Shahid Mofatheh Faculty of Hamedan. (In Persian).
- Pahle, M., Pachauri, Sh., Steinbacher, K., 2016, “Can the Green Economy deliver it all? Experience of renewable energy policies with socio-economic objectives”, Journal of Applied Energy, Vol. 179, pp. 1331-1341.
- Loiseau, E., Saikku, L., Antikainen, R., Droste, N., Hansjurgens, B., Pitkanen, K., Leskinen, P., Kuikman, P., Thomsen, M., 2016, “Green economy and related concepts: An overview”, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 139, pp. 361-371.
- Abazari, A. and Jokar, A., 2017, “Examining the role of new energies in reducing greenhouse gases and protecting the environment”, The fourth International Conference on Environmental Planning and Management. (In Persian).
- Fetros, M.H., Aghazadeh, A., Jebraeli, S., 2012, “Assessing the Impact of Renewable and Non-renewable Energy Consumption on the Growth of Selected Developing Countries (Including Iran), 1978-1980”, Quarterly Journal of Econometric Studies, Vol. 9, No. 32, pp. 51-72. (In Persian).
- Mohazeb Torabi, S. and Najaf Zadeh, Kiyan, 2011, “The role of energy conservation in preserving the environment and sustainable development”, the twenty-sixth International Power Conference, Tavanir Co., Power Research Institute, Tehran. (In Persian).
- Soroush Niam Sh. and Taher, N., 2016, “Application of Renewable Energy Required to Expand Green Economy Case Study: A Study of the Current Situation of Wind Energy in Iran Using the Spatial Information System”, The third International Economics Conference. (In Persian).
- Fathi, H., Ferdos Far, R., Fathi, F., 2015, “The key to Iran's environmental protection is to operate the green economy”, The first National Conference on Applied Research in Environmental, Water and Natural Resources. (In Persian).
- Danish, Bin Zhang, Bo Wang, Zhaohua wang, 2017, “Role of renewable energy and non-renewable energy consumption on EKC: Evidence from Pakistan”, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 156, pp. 855–864.
- Kulionis, V., 2013, “The relationship between renewable energy consumption, CO2 emission and economic growthin Denmark”, University essay From LUND UNIVERSITY, School of Economics and Management.
- Apergis, N., Payne, J.E., Menyah, K., Wolde-Rufael, Y., 2010, “On the causal dynamics between emissions, Nuclear Energy, Renewable Energy and Economic Growth”, Journal of Ecological Economics, Vol. 69, Issue 11, pp. 2255–2260.
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- Jalil, A. and Mahmud, S.F., 2009, “Environment Kuznets curve for CO2 emissions: A cointegration analysis for China”, Journal of Energy Policy, Vol. 37, pp. 5167-5172.
- Sadorsky, P., 2009, “Renewable energy consumption and income in emerging
- economies”, Journal of Energy Policy, Vol. 37, Issue 10, pp. 4021-4028.
- Abdulrashid Rafindadi, A. and Ozturk, I., 2017, “Impact of renewable energyconsumption on the German economic growth: Evidence from combined cointegration test” , Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 75, pp. 1130-1141.
- Ollo-Lopez, A. and M. Elena Aramendia-Muneta, 2012, “ICT impact on competitiveness, innovation and environment”, Journal of Telematics and Informatics, Vol. 29, Issue 2, pp. 204-210.
- Cole, M.A., 2004, “Trade, the pollution haven hypothesis and the environmental Kuznets curve: examining the linkages”, Journal of Ecological Economics, No.48.
- Cristea, A., Hummels, D., Puzzello, L., Avetisyan, M., 2013, “Trade and the greenhouse gas emissions from international freight transport”, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, , Vol. 65, issue 1, pp.153-173.
- Mohammadi, H. and Tirgari Seraji, M., 2013, “Investigating the relationship between economic growth, trade liberalization and environmental pollution: the study of selected countries in the Middle East”, Quarterly journal of environment and energy, Vol. 2, No.6. (In Persian).
- Atya, E., 2007, “Determinates of sustainable development weak and strong sustainability”, Pp: 3, www.yahoo.com.
- Moutinho, V., Robaina-Alves, M., Mota, J., 2014, “Carbon dioxide emissions intensity of Portuguese industry and energy sectors: A convergence analysis and econometric approach”, Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 40, pp. 438-449.