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عنوان URL للمقالة


رقم المقالة : JEST-2104-5351 (R1) زيارة : 193 الصفحة: 93 - 106

10.30495/jest.2022.60003.5351

نوع المخطوط: ابحاث

اعطای شخصیت حقوقی به عناصر طبیعت در پرتو توسعه پایدار

الموضوعات :

زهرا سادات شارق 1 , حسین رضازاده 2

1 - مرکز پژوهشی حوضه اقلیمی خزر- دانشگاه مازندارن- بابلسر- ایران.
2 - استادیار، گروه حقوق، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر-ایران. *(مسئول مکاتبات)

تاريخ الإرسال : 28 السبت , شعبان, 1442 تاريخ التأكيد : 24 الأربعاء , محرم, 1443 تاريخ الإصدار : 19 الأحد , رجب, 1443

الکلمات المفتاحية: محیط‌زیست, توسعه پایدار, شخصیت حقوقی عناصر طبیعت, حقوق بین‌الملل, پایداری زیست‌محیطی,

ملخص المقالة :

بعد از جنگ جهانی دوم مفهوم توسعه پایدار به منظور ایجاد تعادل میان حفاظت از محیط زیست و بهره مندی از حقوق بنیادین بشری از جمله حق بر توسعه مطرح شد؛ تا استیفای حق های بشری بهانه ای برای تخریب محیط زیست محسوب نگردد. در واقع بشر دریافت که هرگونه خسارت به محیط زیست در نهایت انسان و کرامت وی را دچار مخاطره می نماید و لذا در کنار عناصر اقتصادی و اجتماعی، پایداری زیست محیطی به عنوان یکی از عناصر توسعه پایدار مطرح و مورد شناسایی قرار گرفت. تحقیق حاضر به دنبال بررسی این مسئله است که چگونه برخی دولت ها با شناسایی شخصیت حقوقی برای عناصر طبیعت، در راستای پایداری زیست محیطی و در نهایت تحقق توسعه پایدار گام برداشته اند. نوع پژوهش بنیادی است که به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و با استفاده از منابع کتابخانه ای و همچنین بهره گیری از منابع الکترونیک اعم از کتاب، مقاله، پایان نامه، کنفرانس های رسمی مرتبط با موضوع(منطقه ای و بین المللی) به زبان های فارسی و انگلیسی موجود صورت گرفته و پس از طرح مسئله و تبیین فرضیات، داده های مدنظر متناسب با سوال های پژوهش در اسناد و رویه های قضائی ملی و بین الملل (اعم از فارسی و لاتین) جستجو، جمع آوری، جمع بندی و مورد تحلیل قرارگرفته است. در سال های اخیر یکی از اقداماتی که به منظور پایداری زیست محیطی اتخاذ شد شناسایی شخصیت حقوقی برای عناصر طبیعت بوده است. رویه برخی کشورها به خصوص از سال 2008 به بعد نشان می دهد که در راستای تحقق پایداری زیست محیطی، در سطح قانونگذاری یا رویه محاکم، عناصر طبیعت را صاحب حق دانسته و نمایندگانی برای پیگیری حقوق آن ها تعیین نموده اند. در مجموع تحولات حقوق محیط زیست نشان می دهد شناسایی شخصیت حقوقی برای عناصر طبیعت تحول جدیدی در حوزه حقوق محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار بوجود آورده که به سرعت در جامعه بین المللی در حال گسترش می باشد. به طوری که بسیاری از دولت ها می توانند با بهره گیری از تجربه یادشده در این مسیر گام نهاده تا بسترهای لازم برای حمایت های بیشتر از محیط زیست در سرتاسر جهان فراهم گردد.

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_||_

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