بررسی مولفه¬های الگوی مطلوب نظارت بر سازمان¬های مسئول حفاظت از محیط زیست
الموضوعات :
1 - دانشیار دانشکده حقوق دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران
2 - دانشجوی مقطع دکترای رشته حقوق عمومی، دانشکده حقوق دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
الکلمات المفتاحية: نظارت, حفاظت از محیط زیست, مشارکت عمومی, توسعه¬پایدار, اصل پیشگیری.,
ملخص المقالة :
زمینه و هدف: نظارت بر سازمانهای مسئول حفاظت محیط زیست صرفاً در صورتی میتواند تضمین کنندهی تحقق اهداف نظارت باشد که بر اساس الگویی مناسب و کارآمد صورت پذیرد. پژوهش حاضر در صدد بررسی مولفههای الگوی مطلوب اشکال مختلف نظارت بر این سازمانها و ارائهی مولفههای آن، در راستای تحقق اهداف نظارت و صیانت از محیطزیست است.
روش بررسی: مقاله ی حاضر توصیفی– تحلیلی بوده و با روش کتابخانهای، با بررسی سوابق پژوهشی در حوزههای مختلف محیط زیستی، حقوقی و اداری در صدد پاسخ به پرسش طرح شده است.
یافته ها: در پژوهش حاضر موضوع در چهار محور نظارت عمومی، سیاسی، اداری و قضائی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و نتایج بررسی ها نشان دهندهی آن است که وجود برخی مولفه ها در راستای تحقق کارآمدی نظارت بر این سازمانها ضرورت دارد. این مولفه ها علاوه بر مبانی نظامهای مردم سالار بر ویژگیهای خاص محیط زیست نظیر دشواری جبران زیانهای وارد شده و شکلگیری اغلب آسیبها در بستر زمانی بلند مدت ریشه داشته که متضمن آن است که سازمان مسئول پیش از وقوع زیان اقدام نماید و نظارت موثر نیز سازمان را در مقابل چنین تکلیفی پاسخگو نموده ، مجاب و ملزم نماید.
نتیجه گیری: مولفه های اصلی نظارت بر سازمانهای مسئول حفاظت از محیط زیست را میتوان در پنج محور اصلی خلاصه نمود. نخست: جلب مشارکت عمومی از طریق ارتباط با تشکلها، ذینفعان وجوامع محلی، دوم: استمرار و پیوستگی و پرهیز از نظارت منقطع و موردی، سوم: پیشگیرانه بودن نظارت بر سازمان مسئول، چهارم: عدم تمرکز نظارت و پنجم: نتیجه محوری در راستای تضمین حق بر محیط زیست سالم .
المصادر:
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30. GhasemiGh. Sheibani A. 2019. The role of NGOs in administrative proceeding . Journal of Administrative law. 6(19).125-148.(In Persian)
1. Abdollahi, M. Faryadi, M. 2015. Legal Challenges Facing Iran's Department of Environment. Environmental Sciences. 7(4).143-179.(In Persian)
2. Jalalian, A. Keikha, R.2018. Legal Gaps in the Iran's Department of Environment From the Perspective of Public Law. In proceedings 2nd National Conference of Modern Researches in Management and Law. July 12th.Kazeroun. Iran. (In Persian)
3. Shelton, D. Kiss, A. C. 2005. Judicial handbook on environmental law. UNEP.
4. Palerm, J. R. 1999.Public participation in environmental decision making: examining the Aarhus convention. Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management. 1(02), 229-244.
5. Partan, D. G. 1988. The Duty to Inform in International Environmental Law. BU int'l LJ, 6, 43
6. André, P. Enserink, B. Connor, D. Croal, P. 2006. Public participation international best practice principles. Special Publication Series No. 4. International Association for Impact Assessment. Fargo. USA.
7. Lawrence D.P. 2003. Environmental impact assessment,Practical solutions to recurrent problems. New jersey. John Wiley and sons Inc.
8. Dabiri, F. Kiani, M. 2008. Environmental impact assessment in Iran and industrial countries . Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 9(4). 95-110.(In Persian)
9. Morrison-Saunders, A. Bailey, J. 1999. Exploring the EIA/environmental management relationship. Environmental Management. 24(3). 281-295.
10. Ramzani, M. shamlu, B. Sajjadi, S .2016. Comparative Study of the Concept of ((Access to Information)) in Arhuss Convention and the Law of Publication and Free Access to Information. International Relations Research. 6(21). 233-262. (In Persian)
11. Ebrahimpour, H. Bahonar, F. 2017. The role of people's demands in achieving good governance. In the proceedings at 2ndInternational Conference on Accounting and Management in the Third Millennium. 2017-03-08. Rasht.Iran. (In Persian)
12. Nilsson, P. 2003. NGO involvement in the UN Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm 1972: interrelations between intergovernmental discourse framing and activist influence, University of Linkoping – Political Science.
13. https://www.isna.ir/news/96030100148/
14. https://www.irna.ir/news/82488772/
15. Bashiriyeh, H.2005. Teaching Political Knowledge: The Basics of Theoretical and Political Science. Tehran. Negahemoaser. (In Persian)
16. Minutes of the negotiations on the final review of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Tehran.1985. General Department of Culture and Public Relations of the parliament of Iran. (In Persian)
17. KaramiMoghadam, R. Parvin, K. 2020. Supervisory Role of the Parliament in Support of Citizenship Rights. Public Law Studies Quarterly. 50(3): 1007-1027. (In Persian)
18. Dabirnia, A.2016. Constituent power. Tehran. Shahredanesh institute of law research and study. (In Persian)
19. Varvaei, A. Mohammadi, H. Noorian,A.2016. Participation of non-govenmental organizations in criminal procedure.Journal of Law and Politics. vol 12.no 28. 27-43 . (In Persian)
20. JafariSamimi, A. Ahmadpour, S. 2011. The Relationship between Environmental Performance Index (EPI) and Economic Growth in Developed Countries. Iranian Energy Economics. 1(1). 55-72. (In Persian)
21. Mousazadeh R.2015. Administrative law. Tehran.Mizan legal foundation. (In Persian)
22. Emami, m. Dehghan, F. 2013. Internal and hierarchical supervision of governmental organizations in legal system of Iran. Journal of Legal Studies. Vol 5 . No 1 (8). 1- 23. (In Persian)
23. Faryadi, M. 2018.Pathology of Inter-Organizational Collaboration in environmental protection in the Iranian Administrative Law. Journal of Administrative law .6(16). 109-131. (In Persian)
24. Luo, Z. Hu, X. Li, M. Yang, J. Wen, C. 2019. Centralization or Decentralization of Environmental Governance—Evidence from China. Sustainability.11(24):6938.
25. Hozoori, M. 2013. Concepts of public law, the concept of supervision. Guardian Council Research Institute. Tehran. (In Persian)
26. Aghaeitogh M. 2007.Principles and nature of judicial oversight of government actions: A comparative study of France, the United Kingdom and the United States. Legal Research Journal. vol 1.no 1.125-191.(In Persian)
27. Rahmatollahi, H. Shirzad, O. 2014. The right to environment in the jurisprudence of the Court of Administrative Justice. Islamic human rights studies.3(6). 97-108.(In Persian)
28. RamezaniGhavamabadi, M. 2011. Prevention and Repression of the Environment Offences under the Protection of NGOs actions in Iranian Law System. The Judiciarys Law Journal, Vol 75 , No 75. 199-225. (In Persian)
29. RamazaniGhavamabadi, M., Javadmanesh, J. 2016.A comparative study of the extent of standing (Locus standi) in environmental litigations. Public Law Studies Quarterly. 46(4): 977-1001. (In Persian)
30. GhasemiGh. Sheibani A. 2019. The role of NGOs in administrative proceeding . Journal of Administrative law. 6(19).125-148.(In Persian)
