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  • بررسی تغییرات ساختار اکولوژیک چهار تپه در سنندج به کمک روش شیء‌گرا و شاخص‌های پیوستگی و پیچیدگی

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رقم المقالة : JEST-2103-5330 (R1) زيارة : 100 الصفحة: 77 - 91

10.22034/jest.2021.59586.5330

نوع المخطوط: ابحاث

بررسی تغییرات ساختار اکولوژیک چهار تپه در سنندج به کمک روش شیء‌گرا و شاخص‌های پیوستگی و پیچیدگی

الموضوعات :

میلاد زندسلیمی 1 (دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد طراحی شهری دانشگاه کردستان.)
بختیار بهرامی 2 (استادیارگروه شهرسازی دانشگاه کردستان. *(مسوول مکاتبات))

تاريخ الإرسال : 16 الإثنين , ذو الحجة, 1442 تاريخ التأكيد : 13 الإثنين , رجب, 1443 تاريخ الإصدار : 28 الخميس , جمادى الأولى, 1444

الکلمات المفتاحية: تپه, اکولوژی سیمای سرزمین, ساختار اکولوژیکی, تغییرات منظر,

ملخص المقالة :

زمینه وهدف: تپه‌ها به عنوان یکی از اجزای اصلی ساختار اکولوژیکی در یک شهر تپه ماهوری, متاثر از کنش‌های انسانی و موثر بر آن‌ها هستند. رهیافت اکولوژی سیمای سرزمین با هدف بررسی اکوسیستم‌های متنوع در مقیاس‌های مختلف، سعی در برقراری تعادل بین کنش‌های انسان و فرایند‌های طبیعی دارد. دراین مطالعه تغییرات ساختار اکولوژیکی چهار تپه مهم در سنندج (توس‌نوذر، نیشتمان، ملت و دیدگاه) با استفاده از تصاویر گوگل‌ارث و دوشاخص اکولوژیک در بازه 16 ساله (2020-2004) بررسی شدند. روش بررسی: ساختار اکولوژیکی این تپه‌ها به روش شی‌گرا در شش دسته طبقه‌بندی و تغییرات آن‌ها بررسی شد. همچنین با استفاده از نرم‌افزار FRAGSTATS4,2وضعیت دو شاخص اکولوژیکی FRAC و CONTIGH در تپه‌ها تا مورخ 20/6/1399محاسبه و بررسی شد. یافته‌ها: عناصر انسان ساز درکل تپه‌ها مخصوصا در تپه نیشتمان افزایش (19 درصد) داشته‌اند. همچنین پوشش مراتع مخصوصا در تپه‌های توس‌نوذر و دیدگاه کاهش یافته است (32 درصد). میزان پیچیدگی لکه‌های منظر در همه تپه‌ها به‌جز توس‌نوذر افزایش و بازهم پیوستگی درهمه تپه‌ها به‌جز توس نوذر کاهش یافته است. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: حذف مراتع و گونه‌های بوته‌ای، افزایش آتش‌سوزی و خشکسالی‌های اخیر و همچنین افزایش مداخلات انسانی مانند ساخت و ساز و معابر ماشین‌رو, انسجام و جریان‌های اکولوژیک این تپه‌ها را با تهدید جدی مواجه ساخته است. ساده‌تر شدن درعین همگنی اجزای منظر در تپه توس نوذر بیانگر فاصله اجزای منظر از حالت طبیعی خود دارد. علاوه بر آن، کاهش پیوستگی در سه تپه ملت، دیدگاه و نیشتمان بیانگر افزایش تکه تکه شدگی و انقطاع در مناظر طبیعی این تپه‌ها است.

المصادر:


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_||_

  1. Rapoport A. Human aspects of urban form: towards a man-environment approach to urban form and design [text]. Oxford؛ New York: Pergamon Press ؛
    2.
  2. Wu J, Hobbs R. Key issues and research priorities in landscape ecology: An idiosyncratic synthesis. Landscape Ecology. 2002؛ 17(4): 355-65.
    3.
  3. Turner MG, Gardner RH. Landscape ecology in theory and practice: pattern and process [text]. New York, NY: Springer, ؛
    4.
  4. Chang Q، Su W-X، Wang H. Research progress on application of landscape ecology in landscape architecture. Ying yong sheng tai xue bao. 2019؛ 30:3991-4002.
    5.
  5. Snep R, Opdam P. Integrating nature values in urban planning and design. Urban ecology. 2010:261-86.
    6.
  6. Frank S, Fürst C، Koschke L, Makeschin F. A contribution towards a transfer of the ecosystem service concept to landscape planning using landscape metrics. Ecological Indicators. 2012؛ 21:30-8.
    7.
  7. Leitao AB، Ahern J. Applying landscape ecological concepts and metrics in sustainable landscape planning. Landscape and urban planning. 2002؛ 59(2): 65-93.
    8.
  8. elik F. Ecological Landscape Design. 2013.
    9.
  9. Chen J. Key topics in landscape ecology. Choice: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries. 2008؛ 45(5): 842.
    10.
  10. Norton B, Evans K, Warren P. Urban Biodiversity and Landscape Ecology: Patterns, Processes and Planning. Current Landscape Ecology Reports. 2016؛ 1:178–92.
    11.
  11. Wu J, He C, Huang G, Yu D. Urban Landscape Ecology: Past، Present, and Future. Landscape Ecology for Sustainable Environment and Culture. 2013:37-53.
    12.
  12. Kapoor N, Jain M، Bansal V. GIS-Based Framework for Local Spatial Planning in Hill Areas. International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development. 2019؛ 7:113-30.
    13.
  13. Hall P. Cities of tomorrow: an intellectual history of urban planning and design since 18802014.
    14.
  14. Milovanović A، Rodić DM, Maruna M. Eighty-year review of the evolution of landscape ecology: from a spatial planning perspective. Landscape Ecology. 2020:1-21.
    15.
  15. Chen X,، Xu D, Fadelelseed S، Li L. Analysis on Landscape Ecological Design in Landscape Architecture. Research in Ecology. 2019؛
    16.
  16. Groom G, Mücher C, Ihse M، Wrbka T. Remote sensing in landscape ecology: experiences and perspectives in a European context. Landscape Ecology. 2006؛ 21(3): 391-408.
    17.
  17. Newman E, Kennedy M, Falk D، McKenzie D. Scaling and Complexity in Landscape Ecology. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 2019؛ 7:293.
    18.
  18. Naveh Z، Lieberman AS. Landscape ecology: theory and application: Springer Science & Business Media؛
    19.
  19. Hong SK, Song IJ, Kim HO, Lee EK. Landscape pattern and its effect on ecosystem functions in Seoul Metropolitan area: urban ecology on distribution of the naturalized plant species. J Environ Sci (China). 2003؛ 15(2): 199-204.
    20.
  20. Hokema D, Koura H, Jiraprasertkun C، Makhzoumi J. International Concepts of Landscapes، Theory Basis. In: Bruns D, Kühne O, Schönwald A, Theile S, Landscape Culture - Culturing Landscapes: The Differentiated Construction of Landscapes. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden؛ 2015. p. 67-126.
    21.
  21. Downey I, Petch J. Landscape ecology as an operational framework for environmental GIS: Zdarske Vrchy, Landscape ecology as an operational framework for environmental GIS: Zdarske Vrchy, Czechoslovakia. 1991:151-8.
    22.
  22. Zonneveld IS. Land ecology: an introduction to landscape ecology as a base for land evaluation، land management and conservation. Amsterdam: SPB Academic Publishing؛ xii، 199 p. p.
    23.
  23. Lopez RD, Frohn RC. Remote sensing for landscape ecology: monitoring، modeling, and assessment of ecosystems. Second edition. ed2020. xv، 269 pages p.
    24.
  24. Dramstad WE, Forman RTT, Olson JD. Landscape ecology principles in landscape architecture and land-use planning. Cambridge؟ American Society of Landscape Architects؛ 1996.80 p. p.
    25.
  25. Zhai D, Xia H. Research on Land Use Ecological Security Pattern Construction of Hilly Cities in Hunan. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019؛ 330:032080.
    26.
  26. Barrett GW, Barrett TL, Wu J, SpringerLink (Online service). History of landscape ecology in the United States [text]2015. Available from: SpringerLink - Full text online
    27.
  27. Zexin L, Bo L, Rong W, Zhi L. Study on Fractal Characteristics of Hilly City. Journal of Applied Sciences. 2013؛ 13:1155-9.
    28.
  28. Bahrami B, Bahrainy S, Diba D. Spatial Organization of Public Space in Hilly Settlements، Case Study: Sanandaj Hills (Text in Persian). 2013؛ 6:35-48.
    29.
  29. Falahatkar H, Aminzadeh B. The sense of place and its influence on place branding: a case study of Sanandaj natural landscape in Iran. Landscape Research. 2017؛ 45(1): 123-36.
    30.
  30. Alizadeh H, Bahrami B، Farahani LM. Geophysical setting and urban form of a traditional city: examination of the Kurdish city of Sanandaj, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Urban Design and Planning. 2019؛ 172(6): 237-47.
    31.
  31. Zandsalimi M, Bahrami B. Examining of visual assessment relations and ecological Metrics in the landscape of Sanandaj hills Journal of Environmental Science Studies. 2021؛ (In Persian)
    32.
  32. Wang Z, Wei W, Zhao S, Chen X, Object-oriented classification and application in land use classification using SPOT-5 PAN imagery. IGARSS 2004 2004 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium؛ 2004: IEEE.
    33.
  33. Shao G, Wu J. On the accuracy of landscape pattern analysis using remote sensing data. Landscape Ecology. 2008؛ 23(5): 505-11.
    34.
  34. Hong L, Zhang M. Object-oriented multiscale deep features for hyperspectral image classification. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 2020؛ 41(14): 5549-72.
    35.
  35. Goldblatt R, You W, Hanson G، Khandelwal AK. Detecting the boundaries of urban areas in india: A dataset for pixel-based image classification in google earth engine. Remote Sensing. 2016؛ 8(8): 634.
    36.
  36. Eckert S, Ghebremicael ST, Hurni H, Kohler T. Identification and classification of structural soil conservation measures based on very high resolution stereo satellite data. Journal of environmental management. 2017؛ 193:592-606.
    37.
  37. Bahrami, B, Irandoost, K & Alizadeh, H. Spatial planning for hills of Sanandaj: organizing green and open spaces, creating public spaces, and considering the natural landscape (in Persian).2019،DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.16904.03841,
    38.

 

 

 

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