• الصفحة الرئيسية
  • تعیین شاخص ED50 در یک خاک آهکی آلوده‌شده با غلظت‌های مختلف نیکل

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عنوان URL للمقالة


رقم المقالة : 17578 زيارة : 157 الصفحة: 237 - 248

10.22034/jest.2020.17578

نوع المخطوط: ابحاث

تعیین شاخص ED50 در یک خاک آهکی آلوده‌شده با غلظت‌های مختلف نیکل

الموضوعات :

منصوره ملحان 1 , سعید حجتی 2 , نعیمه عنایتی ضمیر 3

1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، خوزستان، ایران.
2 - دانشیار گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، خوزستان، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - دانشیار گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، خوزستان، ایران

تاريخ الإرسال : 08 الثلاثاء , ربيع الثاني, 1439 تاريخ التأكيد : 14 الإثنين , محرم, 1440 تاريخ الإصدار : 05 الخميس , ربيع الأول, 1442

الکلمات المفتاحية: جمعیت هتروتروف, دوز زیستی, ضریب متابولیک, نیکل,

ملخص المقالة :

زمینه و هدف: خصوصیات میکروبی خاک از جمله زیست توده میکروبی، تنفس میکروبی و معدنی شدن نیتروژن می توانند شاخص هایی برای نشان دادن تنش ناشی از آلودگی فلزات سنگین بر عملکرد و کیفیت خاک باشند. هدف از این تحقیق اندازه گیری فعالیت های میکروبی خاک، برای مشخص کردن اثرات سمی غلظت های مختلف نیکل بر کیفیت خاک و تعیین غلظت بازدارندگی 50 درصد (ED50 ) نیکل می باشد. روش بررسی: این آزمایش در سال 1395 به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام یافت. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل فلز نیکل در شش سطح (صفر، 50، 100، 150، 300 و 600 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم) و دو دوره انکوباسیون (15 و 60 روزه) بود. یک نمونه خاک با نمک کلرید نیکل به طور یکنواخت برای ایجاد غلظت های مختلف آلوده شد. پس از سپری شدن دوره انکوباسیون 15 و 60 روزه، تنفس میکروبی، کربن زیست توده میکروبی، جمعیت هتروتروف ها و ضریب متابولیک نمونه ها اندازه گیری گردید و با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده مقدار ED50 خاک تعیین شد. یافته ها: اثر متقابل سطوح نیکل و دوره انکوباسیون در سطح یک درصد بر تمام ویژگی های اندازه گیری شده به جز کربن زیست توده میکروبی و ضریب متابولیکی معنی دار بود. با گذشت زمان و افزایش غلظت نیکل، جمعیت باکتری های هتروتروف، تنفس و کربن زیست توده میکروبی نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش معنی داری را در سطح یک درصد نشان دادند. کمترین مقدار تنفس میکروبی، کربن زیست توده میکروبی و جمعیت باکتری های هتروتروف در پایان دوره انکوباسیون 60 روزه و در غلظت 600 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم، به ترتیب با کاهش 07/77، 72/75 و 99/99 درصد نسبت به تیمار شاهد اندازه گیری شد. با افزایش زمان انکوباسیون، مقدار ED50 (میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم) نیکل در مورد تنفس میکروبی، کربن زیست توده میکروبی و جمعیت باکتری های هتروتروف افزایش یافت. بحث و نتیجه گیری: بر پایه نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش آلودگی نیکل فعالیت های بیولوژیکی خاک را تحت تأثیر قرار می دهد و غلظت 100 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم نیکل در خاک به عنوان غلظت آستانه نیکل در این خاک تعیین شد.

المصادر:


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    29.
  29. Calbrix, R., Barray, S., Chabrerie, O., Fourrie, L., Laval, K., 2007. Impact of organic amendments on the dynamics soil microbial biomass and bacterial communities in cultivated land. Applied Soil Ecology, 35: 511-522.
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    35.
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  37. Renella, G., Mench, M., Gelsomin, A., Landi, L., Nannipieri, P. 2005. Functional activity and microbial community structure in soils amended with bimetallic sludges. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 37:1498–1506.
    38.
  38.  Min, L., Yun-Kuo, L., Xiao-Min, Z., Chang-Yong, H. 2005. Toxicity of cadmium to soil microbial biomass and its activity: Effect of incubation time on Cd ecological dose in a paddy soil. Journal of Zhejiang University Science, 6(5):324-330.
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  39. Martinez, C.E., Jacobson, A.R., McBride, M.B., 2003. Aging and temperature effects on DOC and elemental release from a metal contaminated soil. Environmental Pollution, 122:135-143.
    40.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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  1. Fang, F.M., Wang, Q.C., 2009. Research progress on mercury pollution in soil. Soil Environment; 9: 326 29.
    2.
  2. Gasic, K., Korban, S.S., 2006. Heavy metal stress, in: K.V.M. Rao, A.S. Raghavendra, K.J. Reddy (Eds.), Physiology and Molecular Biology of Stress Tolerance in Plants, pp. 219–254.
    3.
  3. Avery S.V., 2001. Metal toxicity in yeasts and the role of oxidative stress. Advances in Applied Microbiology, 49: 111-142.
    4.
  4. Pawlowska T., Charvat, I., 2004. Heavy-Metal Stress and Developmental Patterns of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. Applied and Environmental Microbiology.70 : 6643-664
    5.
  5. Šmejkalová M., Mikanová, O., Borůvka, L., 2003. Effects of heavy metal concentrations on biological activity of soil micro-organisms Plant Soil and Environment. 49: 321-326.
    6.
  6. Kelly J.J., Haggblom, Max, M., R. L., 2003. Effects of heavy metal contamination and remediation on soil microbial communities in the vicinity of a zinc smelter as indicated by analysis of microbial community phospholipid fatty acid profiles. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 38: 65-71.
    7.
  7. Lee, J., Sun, K. 2014. Effects of chelates on soil microbial properties, plant growth and heavy metal accumulation. Ecological Engineering. 73: 386–39.
    8.
  8. Stasinakis, A. S., Mamais, D., Thomaidis, N. S., and Lekkas, T. D. 2002. Effect of chromium on bacterial kinetics of heterotrophic biomass of activated sludge. Water Research. 36(13):3341–3349.
    9.
  9. Khan, S., Hesham, H., Qiao, M., Rehman, Sh., and J. He. 2010. Effects of Cd and Pb on soil microbial community structure and activities. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 17:288–296.
    10.
  10. Wang, Y.P., Shi, J.Y., Wang, H., Lin, Q., Chen, X.C., Chen, Y.X. 2007.The influence of soil heavy metals pollution on soil microbial biomass, enzyme activity, and community composition near a copper smelter, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 67: 75–81.
    11.
  11. Rajkumar, M., Freitas, H. 2008. Influence of metal resistant-plant growth-promoting bacteria on the growth of Ricinus communis in soil contaminated with heavy metals, Chemosphere, 71: 834–842.
    12.
  12. Epelde, L., Becerril, J. M., Alkorta, I., Garbisu, C. 2009. Heavy metal phytoremediation: microbial indicatorsof soil health for the assessment of remediation efficiency, In A. Singh, R. C. Kuhad, and O. P. Ward (ed.).Advances in applied bioremediation, p. 299–313.
    13.
  13. Speir, T.W., van Schaik, A.P., Hunter, L.C., Ryburn, J.L., Percival, H.J.2007. Attempts to derive EC50 values for heavy metals from land-applied Cu-, Ni-, and Zn-spiked sewage sludge. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 39:539-549.
    14.
  14. Gao, Y., Zhou, P., Mao, L., Zhi, Y.E., Shi, W.J. 2010. Assessment of effects of heavy metals combined pollution on soil enzyme activities and microbial community structure: modified ecological dose–response model and PCR-RAPD. Environmental Earth Science 60:603–612.
    15.
  15. Moreno. J.L., Landi, C., Garcı’a, L., Falchini, L., Pietramellara, G., Nannipieri, P. 2001. The ecological dose value (ED50) for assessing Cd toxicity on ATP content and dehydrogenase and urease activities of soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 33:483–489.
    16.
  16. Xiao, X.Y., Wang, M. W., Zhu, H.W., Guo, Z. H., Han, X.Q, Zeng, P. 2017. Response of soil microbial activities and microbial community structure to vanadium stress. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 142: 200-206.
    17.
  17. Gupta PK, 2004. Soil, Plant, Water and Fertilizer Analysis. Agrobios (India), 438 p.
    18.
  18. Cappucino, J. G., Sherman, N. 1999. Microbiology: a laboratory manual. Published by Benjamin-Cummings Pub Co. ISBN 10: 0805376461 ISBN 13: 9780805376463.
    19.
  19. Anderson, J.P.E. 1982. Soil respiration. A.L. and R.H. Mille (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis Part 2, Chemical and Micro Biological Properties, American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI. PP: 831-871.
    20.
  20. Jenkinson, D. S. and D. S. Pawlson. 1976. The effect of biocidal treatments on metabolism in soil. Fumigation with chloroform. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 8: 167-177.
    21.
  21. Cheng, W., Coleman, D.C., Carroll, C.R., and Hoffman, C.A. 1993. In situ measurements of root respiration and soluble carbon concentrations in the rhizosphere. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 25: 1189-1196.
    22.
  22. Giller, K. E., Witter, E., McGrath, S. P. 1998. Toxicity of heavy metals to microorganisms and microbial processes in agricultural soils: a review. Soil Biology and Biogeochemistry. 30: 1389-1414.
    23.
  23. Dai, J., Becquer, T., Rouiller, J.H., Reversat, G., Bernhard-Reversat, F., Nahmani, J., and Lavelle, P. 2004. Influence of heavy metals on C and N mineralization and microbial biomass in Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd contaminated soils. Appled Soil Ecology. 25: 99-109.
    24.
  24. Landi, L., Renella, G., Moreno, J.L., Falchini, L., and Nannipieri, P. 2000. Influence of cadmium on the metabolic quotient, l-D-glutamic acid respiration ratio and enzyme activity: microbial biomass ratio under laboratory conditions. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 32: 8-16.
    25.
  25. Masto, R.E., Ahirwar, R., George, J., Ram, L.C., Selvi, V.A. 2011. Soil Biological and Biochemical Response to Cd Exposure. Journal of Soil Science. 1(1): 8-15.
    26.
  26. Nwuche, C. O., Ugoji, E. O. 2008. Effects of heavy metal pollution on the soil microbial activity. International Journal of Environment Science Technique. 5(3): 409-414.
    27.
  27. Nawaz, M., Wahid, A., Ahmad, S. S., Butt, A. 2015. Response of soil microbial biomass and respiration in heavymetal contaminated soil of Multan. International Journal of Biosciences. 7(4): 68-77.
    28.
  28. Rahmatpour, S., Shirvani, M., Mosaddeghi, M. R., Nourbakhsh, F., Bazarganipour, M. 2017. Dose–response effects of silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate on microbial and enzyme activities in calcareous soils. Geoderma, 285: 313–322.
    29.
  29. Calbrix, R., Barray, S., Chabrerie, O., Fourrie, L., Laval, K., 2007. Impact of organic amendments on the dynamics soil microbial biomass and bacterial communities in cultivated land. Applied Soil Ecology, 35: 511-522.
    30.
  30. Obbard, P. 2001. Ecotoxicological assessment of heavy metals in sewage sludge amended soils. Applied Geochemistry. 16: 1405–1411.
    31.
  31. Kizilkaya, R., Askin, T., Bayrakli, B. and Saglam, M., 2004. Microbiological characteristics of soils contaminated with heavy metals. European, Journal of Soil Biology. 40: 95-102.
    32.
  32. Liao M., and Xie X.M. 2007. Effect of heavy metals on substrate utilization pattern, biomass, and activity of microbial communities in a reclaim wasteland of red soil area. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 66: 17-223.
    33.
  33. Baath, E., Arnebrandt, K., Nordgren, A. 1991. Microbial biomass and ATP in smelter-polluted forest humus. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 47:278–282
    34.
  34. Wardle, D. A., Ghani, A.1995. Why is the strength of relationships between pairs of methods for estimating soil microbial biomass often so variable? Soil Biology and Biochemistry,27, 821–828.
    35.
  35. Gasic, K., Korban, S.S. 2006. Heavy metal stress, in: K.V.M. Rao, A.S. Raghavendra, K.J. Reddy (Eds.), Physiology and Molecular Biology of Stress Tolerance in Plants, pp. 219–254.
    36.
  36. Lorenz, N., Hintemann, T., Kramarewa, T., Katayama, A., Yasuta, T., Marschner, P., Maliszewska-Kordybach, B., Smreczak, B. 2003. Habitat function of agricultural soils as affected by heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contamination. Environment International, 28:719–728.
    37.
  37. Renella, G., Mench, M., Gelsomin, A., Landi, L., Nannipieri, P. 2005. Functional activity and microbial community structure in soils amended with bimetallic sludges. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 37:1498–1506.
    38.
  38.  Min, L., Yun-Kuo, L., Xiao-Min, Z., Chang-Yong, H. 2005. Toxicity of cadmium to soil microbial biomass and its activity: Effect of incubation time on Cd ecological dose in a paddy soil. Journal of Zhejiang University Science, 6(5):324-330.
    39.
  39. Martinez, C.E., Jacobson, A.R., McBride, M.B., 2003. Aging and temperature effects on DOC and elemental release from a metal contaminated soil. Environmental Pollution, 122:135-143.
    40.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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