رهیافت حقوق بشر محور به توسعه، زمینه¬ساز پیوند میان حق بر توسعه و توسعه پایدار
الموضوعات :سید قاسم زمانی 1 , کیوان اقبالی 2
1 - استاد تمام گروه حقوق عمومی و بین¬الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - عضو هیات علمی پژوهشکده قوه قضائیه، تهران، ایران.
الکلمات المفتاحية: توسعه, حق بر توسعه, توسعه پایدار, رهیافت حقوق بشر محور به توسعه, رعایت ملاحظات محیط زیستی.,
ملخص المقالة :
حق بر توسعه و توسعه پایدار ماحصل احساس نیاز به پاسخگویی مناسب به عواقب نامطلوب رویکرد کلاسیک به توسعه محسوب شده و در هر یک با نگریستن به مفهوم توسعه از منظری خاص، سعی بر آن گردیده تا به پاسخی مناسب برای مواجه با آثار نامطلوب توسعه دست یافته شود. در این میان، به نظر می¬رسد که اتخاذ رویکرد حقوق بشر محور در پیشبرد فرایند توسعه، بستری است که در چارچوب آن، امکان تحقق ملاحظات هر دو مفهوم ذکر شده به خوبی میسر خواهد بود. در چارچوب رویکرد مزبور، با عنایت به آثار نامطلوب عدم رعایت ملاحظات محیط زیستی مدنظر در توسعه پایدار در فرایند توسعه¬، بر تحقق بسیاری از مصادیق حقوق بشر، توجه به این ملاحظات، در زمره اولویت¬های اجرای هر گونه برنامه توسعه¬ای قرار خواهد گرفت. نکته مهم در این میان آنکه، تضمین حقوق بشر به عنوان غایت مدنظر در چارچوب حق بر توسعه نیز محسوب شده و بنابراین هرگونه موفقیت در تضمین حقوق بشر در فرایند توسعه از طریق رعایت ملاحظات محیط زیستی، می¬تواند به تحقق حق مزبور هم کمک نماید.از سوی دیگر، تلاش برای تحقق توسعه با محوریت حقوق بشر در چارچوب تلاش برای تحقق حق بر توسعه، گام مؤثری در وادار نمودن دولت¬ها به رعایت ملاحظات محیط زیستی و به تبع آن تضمین مسیر یک توسعه پایدار به شمار می¬آید. تضمین بسیاری از مصادیق حقوق بشر مورد نظر در حق بر توسعه در معاهدات الزام¬آوری همچون میثاق حقوق سیاسی و مدنی و میثاق حقوق اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی، بستری است که در چارجوب آن می¬توان هرگونه تعهد دولت¬ها به رعایت ملاحظات محیط زیستی مورد نظر در توسعه پایدار را هم به دلیل تاثیرگذاری مثبت رعایت این ملاحظات بر تحقق مصادیق حقوق بشر فوق¬الذکر، تعهدی الزام¬آور به شمار آورد.
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