مروری بر گیاه‌پالایی خاک‌های آلوده به فلزات سنگین
الموضوعات :
محمدرضا نادری
1
(دانشجوی دکتری اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد*(مسئول مکاتبات).)
عبدالرزاق دانش‌شهرکی
2
(استادیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد.)
رضوان نادری
3
(دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم و تکنولوژی بذر، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند.)
الکلمات المفتاحية: فلزات سنگین, گیاه‌پالایی, استخراج‌گیاهی, تصفیه‌ی‌گیاهی, تبخیر‌گیاهی, تثبیت‌گیاهی,
ملخص المقالة :
سمیت فلزات سنگین و تجمع آن‌ها در زنجیره‌های غذایی یکی از اصلی‌ترین معضلات زیست محیطی و بهداشتی جوامع مدرن است. اگرچه امکان اصلاح خاک‌های آلوده به فلزات سنگین با استفاده از تکنیک‌های شیمیایی، فیزیکی و یا زیستی وجود دارد، اما روش‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی اصلاح مناطق آلوده به فلزات سنگین هزینه‌بر، وقت‌گیر و تخریب‌کنند‌ه‌ی محیط زیست می‌باشند. از این رو، طی سال‌های اخیر دانشمندان و مهندسین درصدد طراحی و توسعه‌ی تکنیک‌های زیستی برآمدند که بتوانند مکان‌های آلوده به فلزات سنگین را بدون آنکه بر حاصلخیزی و تنوع بیولوژیکی خاک اثرات سوئی داشته باشند پاکسازی و تعدیل نمایند. گیاه‌پالایی از جمله فناوری‌های سبز و دوست‌دار محیط‌زیست است، که از لحاظ اقتصادی مقرون‌به‌صرفه و از لحاظ انرژی کم هزینه می‌باشد. این فناوری دربرگیرنده‌ی استفاده از گیاهان و ریزجانداران وابسته به آن‌ها جهت پاکسازی و یا تثبیت آلاینده‌های سمی نظیر فلزات سنگین است. در مقاله‌ی حاضر مروری کوتاه بر فناوری گیاه‌پالایی و تکنیک‌های مختلف آن خواهیم داشت.
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