استفاده از رویکردهای بنیادی زمین آمار به منظور شناسایی نواحی محتمل تغذیهکننده آبخوان دشت تهران-کرج
الموضوعات :
1 - استادیار، دانشکده محیط زیست، سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست، کرج، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
الکلمات المفتاحية: زمینآمار, درونیابی, نرمافزار Gstat, ماژول تحلیلگر زمینآمار, آبزیرزمینی, جهت جریان آب زیرزمینی, ناحیه تغذیهکننده آبخوان,
ملخص المقالة :
آب زیرزمینی به خصوص در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک یکی از مهم ترین منابع تامین کننده آب شرب به حساب می آید. برخلاف تصور عمومی در این مناطق، منابع آبی بیش تر از نظر کیفیت با مشکل روبرو است تا کمیت، بنابراین پایش روند کیفیت آب و شناسایی منابع آلوده کننده آن، همواره به عنوان یکی از دغدغه های اصلی پژوهش گران این نواحی به شمار می رود. در این پژوهش به منظور شناسایی نواحی آلوده کننده آب زیرزمینی، اقدام به شناسایی نواحی محتمل تغذیه سفره آب آبخوان دشت تهران-کرج شده است. بدین منظور پس از استخراج آمار مربوط به سطح تراز آب زیرزمینی، از روش های مختلف درون یابی و زمین آمار برای تولید تصویر سطح تراز استفاده شده است. دو نرم افزار Gstat و تحلیل گر زمین آمار برای انجام این مطالعات بکار گرفته شده اند، سپس عملکرد و توان هر کدام در تولید تصاویر سطح مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. با استفاده از روش های مختلف آماری، عملکرد مدل های درون یابی مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش نرم افزار تحلیل گر زمین آمار انعطاف بهتری برای انجام تحلیل های ویژه بر روی داده ها نشان داد. بر اساس روش داده های تعلیمی و آزمون، روش های درونیابی بسیار به یکدیگر شبیه نشان دادند، اما خروجی تصاویر سطحی از منظور شبیه سازی حرکت آب زیرزمینی و هیستوگرام تصاویر با یکدیگر بسیار متفاوت به نظر می رسید. در نهایت بر اساس مقایسه خروجی مدلها با واقعیت زمینی، مناسب ترین روش، کریجینگ کلی نشان داد. بر همین اساس تصاویر سطح تراز در مقاطع مختلف زمانی بوسیله روش مذکور تولید و در نهایت با شبیه سازی جهت جریان آب زیرزمینی محتمل ترین نواحی تغذیه آبخوان شناسایی گردید.
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- Nwankwoala HO, Eludoyin OS, Obafemi AA, 2012. Groundwater Quality Assessment And Monitoring Using Geographic Information Sysytems (Gis) In Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management, vol. 5, pp. 583-96.
- Machiwal D, Jha MK, 2015. Identifying sources of groundwater contamination in a hard-rock aquifer system using multivariate statistical analyses and GIS-based geostatistical modeling techniques. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies,
- Ahmed SS, Okour YH, Said EH, 2015. A Methodology Based on Advanced Modeling Techniques for Groundwater Monitoring and Management-Part A. International Journal For Research & Development In Technology, vol. 3, pp. 6-12.
- Liu L, Yi L, Cheng X, 2014. Stochastic simulation of shallow aquifer heterogeneity and it’s using in contaminant transport modeling in Tianjin plains. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, vol. 3, pp. 80-8.
- Huang PM, Li Y, Sumner ME. Handbook of soil sciences : properties and processes. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2011.
- Gong G, Mattevada S, O’Bryant SE, 2014. Comparison of the accuracy of kriging and IDW interpolations in estimating groundwater arsenic concentrations in Texas. Environmental Research, vol. 130, pp. 59-69.
- Karimi HA. Handbook of research on geoinformatics. Hershey: Information Science Reference; 2009. xxxiv, 481 p. p.
- Di Piazza A, Conti FL, Noto LV, Viola F, La Loggia G, 2011. Comparative analysis of different techniques for spatial interpolation of rainfall data to create a serially complete monthly time series of precipitation for Sicily, Italy. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, vol. 13, pp. 396-408.
- Johnston K, Ver Hoef JM, Krivoruchko K, Lucas N. Using ArcGIS geostatistical analyst: Esri Redlands; 2001.
- Kebaili Bargaoui Z, Chebbi A, 2009. Comparison of two kriging interpolation methods applied to spatiotemporal rainfall. Journal of Hydrology, vol. 365, pp. 56-73.
- Zhang K, Li H, Achari G, 2009. Fuzzy-stochastic characterization of site uncertainty and variability in groundwater flow and contaminant transport through a heterogeneous aquifer. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, vol. 106, pp. 73-82.
- Tapoglou E, Karatzas GP, Trichakis IC, Varouchakis EA, 2014. A spatio-temporal hybrid neural network-Kriging model for groundwater level simulation. Journal of Hydrology, vol. 519, pp. 3193-203.
- Oliver MA, Webster R, 2014. A tutorial guide to geostatistics: Computing and modelling variograms and kriging. Catena, vol. 113, pp. 56-69.
- Özdemir Y. Determination of surface water reseources changes by Multi Temporal Satellite Imagery and Investigations of groundwater by using of geoistatistical method. 30th EARSeL Symposium: Remote Sensing for Science, Education and Culture; Paris, France2010.
- Theodossiou N, Latinopoulos P, 2006. Evaluation and optimisation of groundwater observation networks using the Kriging methodology. Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 21, pp. 991-1000.
- Hassan J, 2014. A Geostatistical approach for mapping groundwater quality (Case Study: Tehsil Sheikhupura). International Journal,
- Candela L, Olea RA, Custodio E, 1988. Lognormal Kriging For The Assessment Of Reliability In Groundwater Quality Control Observation Networks. Journal of Hydrology, vol. 103, pp. 67-84.
- Anderson F, 2014. Multivariate Geostatistical Model for Groundwater Constituents in Texas. International Journal of Geosciences, vol. 5, pp. 1609-17.
- Ghadermazi J, Sayyad G, Mohammadi J, Moezzi A, Ahmadi F, Schulin R, 2011. Spatial Prediction of Nitrate Concentration in Drinking Water Using pH as Auxiliary Co-kriging Variable. Procedia Environmental Sciences, vol. 3, pp. 130-5.
- Jensen JR. Introductory digital image processing : a remote sensing perspective. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall; 2005. xv, 526 p. p.
- Negreiros J, Painho M, Costa A, Santos J, Lopes I, editors. Geostatistical Analysis: Software Flashpoint. Geocomputation Conference, Dublin, Ireland; 2007.
- Pebesma EJ, Gstat user’s manual.
- Pebesma EJ, Wesseling CG, 1998. Gstat: a program for geostatistical modelling, prediction and simulation. Computers & Geosciences, vol. 24, pp. 17-31.
- Pebesma EJ, editor Gstat: multivariable geostatistics for S. Proceedings of DSC; 2003.
- Eastman J. IDRISI Selva manual: Clark Labs; 2012. 324 p.
- Eastman J. IDRISI Selva Tutorial: Clark Labs; 2012.
- Jang C-S, Chen S-K, Kuo Y-M, 2013. Applying indicator-based geostatistical approaches to determine potential zones of groundwater recharge based on borehole data. Catena, vol. 101, pp. 178-87.