تبیین راهبردهای مدیریت بحران در بافت های فرسوده شهری (مطالعه موردی: منطقه19 شهرداری تهران)
الموضوعات :نعمت حسین زاده 1 , علیرضا استعلاجی 2 , تهمینه دانیالی 3
1 - گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، واحد یادگار امام خمینی(ره) شهرری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - استاد گروه جغرافیای انسانی، واحد یادگار امام خمینی(ره) شهرری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - استادیار گروه جغرافیا، واحد یادگار امام خمینی(ره) شهر ری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: منطقه 19 تهران, مدل همپوشانی وزندار, مدیریت بحران, GIS, پهنه بندی آسیب پذیری,
ملخص المقالة :
ایمنی شهرها به ویژه بافت فرسوده و تاریخی در برابر مخاطرات و مدیریت بحران آن یکی از اهداف برنامه ریزی شهری بوده و در این راستا اولین گام، اطلاع از میزان تاب آوری محلات بافت فرسوده و مدیریت آن در برابر مخاطرات است. این پژوهش از لحاظ هدف از نوع کاربردی و از حیث روش تحقیق توصیفی- تحلیلی است. رویکرد حاکم بر این پژوهش از نوع اسنادی و میدانی است. جهت مدیریت صحیح بحران در منطقه19 شهرداری تهران، با بهره‌گیری از مدل همپوشانی وزندار در محیط GIS، اقدام به پهنه بندی مناطق آسیب پذیر منطقه گردید. در این مدل از لایه‌های متعددی شامل تراکم جمعیت، کیفیت ابنیه، نزدیکی به معابر، نزدیکی به فضاهای باز، مراکز درمانی، ایستگاه های آتش نشانی و... در محدوده مورد مطالعه استفاده شده است. نتایج حاصل از پژوهش نشان می دهد که تنها 18/19 درصد از محدوده مورد مطالعه دارای وضعیت مطلوب تا بسیار مطلوب می باشد. 32/39 درصد از منطقه نیز در وضعیت متوسط از لحاظ آسیب پذیری در مواقع بحرانی قرار دارد. همچنین50/41 درصد از محدوده مورد مطالعه در شرایط نامطلوب تا بسیار نامطلوب قرار دارند. با توجه به اینکه قسمت اعظمی از منطقه19 شهرداری تهران در وضعیت مطلوبیت متوسط تا بسیار نامطلوب قرار دارد، لذا اهمیت و توجه مسئولین شهری را طلب می کند تا با تدابیر و برنامه های پیشگیرانه لازم مانع تخریب بافت های فرسوده و یا حتی مسکونی شوند تا اینکه کمترین میزان خسارت مالی و جانی و مدیریت بحران را در سطح منطقه داشته باشیم.
References
Abuyi Ashkazari. AS (2012), "Earthquake Crisis Management Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Case Study: Yazd City", Master's Thesis in Remote Sensing and GIS with the guidance of Dr. Kazem Rangzan, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz.
Aghataher, Reza et al. (2016), "Weighting of Factors Affecting Seismic Vulnerability in Tehran", Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Special Mapping Engineering.
Asgari, Ali et al. (2008), "Application of Urban Planning Methods in Reducing the Vulnerability of Earthquake Risks with GIS, Case Study: District 17 of Tehran", Article No. 554.
Azizpour & et al, 2011. Risk assessment system of natural hazards: a new: approach based on fuzzy probability. Fuzzy Sets and Systems; 158:987–99.
OMidali Esmaielm, 2014, Improving the worn-out urban fabric with an earthquake crisis management approachm, Geographical Research, Fall 29, 2014, No. 3 (consecutive 114), P:13
Pourmousavi, Seyed Musa; Iqbal, Mohammad Reza, 2015, Investigating the feasibility of crisis management indicators in the detailed study studied: District 20 of Tehran Municipality, Second Year - Issue 2 (Ministry of Science) / ISC (16 pages - from 17 to 32).
Panahi, Mehdi et al. (2013), "Location of Vulnerable Points in Tehran Using Multivariate Decision Making Methods and Geographic Information System (GIS)", National Geomatics Conference, National Mapping Organization, Islamic Azad University, Volume 20.
Pouyan, Jila; Fariborz Nateghi Elahi (2010), "Vulnerability of Abrashahr to Earthquake (Case Study: Tehran)", 3rd International Conference on Seismology and Earthquake Engineering. Volume 4. Tehran.
Pourmohammadi, Mohammad Reza et al. (2009), "The role and application of GIS in the management and rescue of residents of urban and rural settlements, a case study: the city of Tabriz", the second scientific-research conference on rescue and relief management.
Pishgahi Fard, Zahra et al. (2012), "Modeling of hazardous areas using AHP model in GIS environment for urban crisis management (Case study: Region 8 of Tabriz Municipality)", Scientific-Research Quarterly of Geographical Space, No. 37, Pages 200-183.
Taghvayi & Kiyani, 2010, Crisis Management, Scientific, Research, Educational and Information Quarterly, Organization of Municipalities and Villages of the country, Consecutive 16, P:42
Hataminejad, Hossein et al. (2009), "Evaluation of seismic vulnerability in the sample city under study: District 10 of Tehran", Human Geographical Research (Geographical Research).
Hosseinzadeh, Nemat, 2020, Location of vulnerable urban areas with crisis management approach using GIS and weighted overlap model (Case study: District 17 of Tehran), articles ready to be published, accepted, published online from April 10.
Savadkouhifar, Sasan (2007), "Fundamentals of Management of Civil, Urban and Crisis Projects for Managers, Specialists and Students of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Planning". Central Library of Iran University of Science and Technology, Imam Hossein University, Printing and Publishing Institute.
Saberi, Azim et al. (2018), "Analysis of the degree of risk in urban areas in order to manage post-earthquake crisis using FAHP method in GIS, Case study: Region 1 of Ahvaz", Quarterly Journal of Geography and Development, Volume 16, Number 50, Spring 2018, Pp. 180-161.
Ghazanfarpour, Hossein et al. (1396); "Identification and leveling of vulnerability of primary and secondary roads and emergency passages in Kerman city using fuzzy logic", Geographical Research of Urban Planning, Volume 5, Number 1, Spring 2017, pp. 19-34.
Giovechi, Saeed and Mohammad Amin Attar (2012), "Application of Multi-Criteria Decision Modeling Models in Post-Earthquake Temporary Settlement, Case Study: Shiraz Region 6", Two Quarterly Journal of Crisis Management, No. 2, pp. 35-43.
Ebadi, Hadi, 2019, Revival of the historical identity of worn-out tissues and its organization in the city of Kermanshah, The Third Scientific Conference on New Horizons in Geography and Architecture and Urban Planning in Iran, pp: 8
Nesyani, Bahram (2016); "Earthquake Crisis Management in Urban Areas in the Pre-Occurrence Stage Using SDSS, Case Study of Region 8 of Tabriz Municipality", M.Sc. Thesis, Industrial Management Organization of East Azarbaijan Agency, p. 51.
Madadi, Aqeel et al. (2011), "Location of landfill in Ardabil city using Bolin, fuzzy and hierarchical (AHP) methods in GIS environment", Mohaghegh Ardabili University Research Project, p. 30.
Manzavi, Mahshid et al., (2010) "Vulnerability of worn-out tissues in the central part of Tehran against earthquakes (Study sample: District 12 of Tehran)", Human Geographical Research, Volume 42.
Murray, J., Ogden, A. T., McDaniel, P.M. (2003). Development of a GIS database for ground water recharge assessment of the Palo use. Soil Sci., 168(11), 759-768.
Mahdavineghadm, Mohammadjavad, 2012, Challenges of construction in the dilapidated texture of the city Comparative study (Nematabad, Zargandeh neighborhoods), Third International Congress of New Horizons of Architecture and Urbanism, pp: 10-11.
Stanganelli, 2008, Preparation of land use planning model using GIS based on AHP case study Adana Turkey, Bull Eng Geol Environ, DOI 10 1007 s10064 009-0247-5
Kao. Lin, u, oct 1997, Multifactor Spatial analysis for landfill siting, Journal of Environmental Engineering, Volume 122, N10, Pages 902-908.
Rezaei, 2010, Comprehensive Crisis Management in providing flood management implementation strategies, Second National Conference on Flood Management and Engineering with an Approach to Urban Floods, P: 10
Virgil A. Rhodius, 2012, Crisis management in the worn-out urban fabric, Publisher: Elsevier - Science Direct, PP 8.
Saberi, M. (2018). A new pattern of risk management: The Hyogo Framework for Action and Italian practise. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, VOL: 42(2), pp: 92-111.
Gamily. I.H. EL, Selim. G, Hermas. E. A (2010). Wireless mobile field-based GIS science and technology for crisis management process: A case study of a fire event, Cairo, Egypt. The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing & Space Sciences, 13, 21-29.
Garcia-Magarino, I., Gutierrez, C., (2013)."Agent-oriented modeling and development of a system for crisis management", contents list available at Sciverse ScienceDirect, Expert Systems with Applications. 40. Journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/eswa.
Kar, B., & Hodgson, M. E. (2008). A GIS‐based model to determine site suitability of emergency evacuation shelters, Transactions in GIS, 12(2), PP 227-248.
Zangiabadi, Ali et al. (2010), "Analysis and evaluation of earthquake vulnerability factors in the city, case study: Tehran Region 4".
Ziari, Keramatollah et al. (2010), "Study of vulnerability of urban tissues against earthquakes, studied: District 11 of Tehran".
