سنجش پایداری اجتماعی در محله‌های سنتی، مقایسه تطبیقی محلات سنگی، عاشوری و شکری شهر بوشهر
الموضوعات :احسان حیدرزاده 1 , محمدرضا حقی 2 , علیرضا صفایی 3
1 - استادیار شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه خلیج فارس، بوشهر، ایران
2 - استادیار شهرسازی، گروه معماری، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران
3 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد باززنده سازی شهری، دانشگاه ساپینزا، رم، ایتالیا.
الکلمات المفتاحية: پایداری اجتماعی, محلات سنتی, تاب‌آوری اجتماعی, شهر بوشهر,
ملخص المقالة :
معضلات اجتماعی یکی از مسائل مهم بافت‌های سنتی شهرهای ایران است که می‌توان از آن به عنوان ناپایداری اجتماعی یاد کرد. کم‌توجهی به این مسائل سبب شده است علی‌رغم اجرای برنامه‌ها و پروژه‌های مختلف، محلات سنتی همچنان از ابعاد کالبدی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی با معضلاتی بسیار درگیر باشند. به همین منظور پژوهش حاضر، پیمایشی مقطعی برای تحلیل پایداری اجتماعی در سه محله سنتی سنگی، عاشوری و شکری در شهر بوشهر را دنبال نموده است. جامعه آماری شامل ساکنین این محلات است که از میان آنها، 201 نفر (76 نفر به ازای هر محله) به عنوان نمونه به صورت هدفمند انتخاب شده‌اند. پس از پیمایش میدانی و تکمیل پرسشنامه‌ها، داده‌ها در نرم‌افزار SPSS وارد شده و با مدل‌های تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و رگرسیون چندمتغیره خطی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته‌اند. مطابق یافته‌ها، 22 شاخص پایداری اجتماعی را می‌توان در 6 عامل تعامل و سرمایه اجتماعی، کیفیت زندگی و اعتماد نهادی، برابری و عدالت اجتماعی، رضایتمندی و امنیت اجتماعی، سلامت اجتماعی و تاب‌آوری کالبدی دسته‌بندی نمود که در مجموع، بیش از 67 درصد از واریانس پایداری اجتماعی محلات را تبیین می‌کنند. مدل رگرسیونی نیز نشان می‌دهد عوامل تعامل و سرمایه اجتماعی، تاب‌آوری کالبدی و کیفیت زندگی و اعتماد نهادی به ترتیب بیشترین تاثیر را بر رضایتمندی اهالی نسبت به محله دارند. از مقایسه وضعیت سه محله نیز چنین برمی‌آید که محله عاشوری بهترین وضعیت (305/1)، محله سنگی وضعیت متعادل (055/0-) و محله شکری نازل‌ترین وضعیت (25/1-) را به لحاظ پایداری اجتماعی داشته‌اند.
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