اولویت‌بندی شاخص‌های زیست‌پذیری مبتنی بر مؤلفه‌های محیط زیستی تأثیرگذار در سکونت شهروندان (مطالعه موردی: شهر مشهد
الموضوعات :
محمدرضا کلانتر
1
,
تکتم حنایی
2
1 - دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی شهرسازی، گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: زیست پذیری, محلات شهری, آسایش اقلیمی, پایداری اکولوژیکی,
ملخص المقالة :
با رشد سریع شهرنشینی و تمایلات به زندگی در شهرها و همچنین ازدحام بیش‌ازحد شهرها، گذران اوقات فراغت و تعاملات شهروندان با فضاهای باز و سبز عمومی بیش‌ازپیش اهمیت یافته است و ازآنجایی‌که تعامل با فضای سبز و محیط اطراف پیرامون نقش مهمی در زیست پذیری جوامع محلی دارد، این پژوهش در نظر دارد تا با تحلیلی تطبیقی تأثیر مؤلفه‌های زیست‌محیطی بر روی زیست پذیری به اولویت‌بندی شاخص‌ها در محلات امامیه و استاد یوسفی شهر مشهد بپردازد. روش پژوهش شامل دو بخش اسنادی و پیمایشی است و حجم نمونه پرسشنامه از طریق محاسبه با روش کوکران برابر با 384 نفر و روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی تکمیل‌شده است. روش تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها به دو صورت کمی و کیفی که درروش کمی از روش معادلات ساختاری در نرم‌افزار SPSS و SMART-PLS و تحلیل کیفی بر اساس تکمیل و تحلیل چک‌لیست کنترلی پرشده توسط ناظر تعلیم‌یافته و نقشه‌های تراکمی تطبیقی بین محلات مورد مقایسه مطالعه گرفته است. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش حکایت از آن دارد در میان دو نمونه موردمطالعه مؤلفه‌های زیست‌محیطی در زیست پذیری تفاوت معناداری ندارد و ازنظر اولویت‌بندی، مؤلفه پایداری اکولوژیکی به دلیل دارا بودن پارک‌های بزرگ‌مقیاس در محله و اطراف محله بیشترین امتیاز را به خود اختصاص داده است (76/4 امتیاز) و بعدازآن به ترتیب مؤلفه‌های بهداشت و پاکیزگی (32/3 امتیاز)، آلودگی آب‌وهوا (02/3 امتیاز)، آسایش اقلیمی (77/2 امتیاز) و آلودگی صوتی (14/1 امتیاز) اولویت‌های بعدی را به خود اختصاص داده است.
ام ویلر، استفان (۱۳۹۳)، برنامه‌ریزی برای پایداری ایجاد جامعه‌ای زیست پذیر، متعادل و اکولوژیک، ترجمه: محمود جمعه پور، شکوفه احمدی، انتشارت علوم اجتماعی، تهران.
ساسان پور، فرزانه، تولایی، سیمین، و جعفری اسدآبادی، حمزه. (1393). قابلیت زیست پذیری شهرها در راستای توسعه پایدار شهری (موردمطالعه: کلان‌شهر تهران). جغرافیا، 12(42)، 129-157.
ردایی، مهجبین، صالحی، اسماعیل، فریادی، شهرزاد، مثنوی، محمدرضا، و زبردست، لعبت. (1399). تدوین قواعد عقلانیت اکولوژیک در برنامه‌ریزی بازآفرینی زیست پذیری محله‌های شهرهای کویری (مطالعه موردی: شهر یزد). مطالعات ساختار و کارکرد شهری، 7(25)، 193-219.
References
Ahmed, N. O., El-Halafawy, A. M., & Amin, A. M. (2019). A Critical Review of Urban Livability. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 8(1), 165.
AIA. 2005. American institute of architects what makes a community livable, pp56.
Akbari, N., Moayedfar, R., Mirzaie Khondabi, F. (2018). Analyzing Livability in the Distressed Areas of Isfahan City with an Emphasis on City Development Strategy. Urban Economics and Management, 6(1(21)), 37-54. (In Persian)
Alijani, S., Pourahmad, A., Hatami Nejad, H., Ziari, Keramatollah., Sodoudi, Sahar., 2020. A new approach of urban livability in Tehran: Thermal comfort as a primitive indicator. Case study, district 22, Urban Climate 33, 6(2), 89-110. (In Persian)
Allan Jacobs & Donald Appleyard (1987) Toward an Urban Design Manifesto, Journal of the American Planning Association, 53:1, 112-120.
American Association of state highway and transportation officials (AASHTO), (2010) the road to livability: how state departments of transportation aveusing road investments to improve community livability, AASHTO.
Anguelovski, I., Connolly, J., García-Lamarca, M., Cole, H., & Pearsall, H. (2019). New scholarly pathways on green gentrification: What does the urban ‘green turn’ mean and where is it going? Progress in Human Geography, 43, 1064 - 1086.
ARUP, ‘‘Cities Alive: Towards a walking world Report” ARUP; 2016
Badland, H., Whitzman, C., Lowe, M., Davern, M., Aye, L., Butterworth, I., Hes, D., & Giles-Corti, B. (2014). Urban livability: emerging lessons from Australia for exploring the potential for indicators to measure the social determinants of health. Social science & medicine (1982), 111, 64–73.
Balsas, C. (2004). Measuring the livability of an urban center: an exploratory study of key performance indicators. Planning Practice & Research, 19, 101-110.
Beatley, T., 2011. Biophilic Cities: Integrating Nature into Urban Design and Planning. Island Press.
Beatley, T., Newman, P. (2013). Biophilic Cities Are Sustainable, Resilient Cities. Sustainability, 5(8), 3328–3345.
Bosselmann, P., Macdonald, E., & Kronemeyer, T. (1999). Livable streets revisited. Journal of the American Planning Association, 65(2), 168–180.
Burton, E. (2000) The potential of the compact city for promoting social equity, in: K. Williams, E. Burton & M. Jenks (Eds) Achieving Sustainable Urban Form, London: E & FN Spon, pp. 19–29.
Center for Urban Research. (2018).
Cervero, R. B. (2013). Linking urban transport and land use in developing countries. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 6(1), 7–24.
Chazal, J.D. (2010). A systems approach to livability and sustainability: Defining terms and mapping relationships to link desires with ecological opportunities and constraints. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 27, 585-597.
Churchman, A. (1999). Disentangling the Concept of Density. Journal of Planning Literature, 13, 389 - 411.
Congress for the New Urbanism (2000) Charter of the new urbanism, Michael L. & Kathleen M. (Ed). (New York: McGraw-Hill).
Crookston, M., Clarke, P., & Averley, J. (1996) The compact city and quality of life, in: M. Jenks & K. Williams (Eds) Compact City: A Sustainable Urban Form New York, NY: Spon.
D. Savageau, Places Rated Almanac: The Classic Guide for Finding Your Best Places to Live in America, Places Rated Books LLC, Washington, DC, USA, 2007.
Davis, E.E., Fine-Davis, M., (1991). Social indicators of living conditions in Ireland with European comparisons. Soc. Indic. Res. 25 (2–4), 103–365.
EIU (Economist Intelligence Unit), (2019), “The Global Livability Report”.
Ellis, P., Roberts, Mark, 2016. Leveraging Urbanization in South Asia: Managing Spatial Transformation for Prosperity and Livability. World Bank Group, Washington, DC
Ettema, D., Gärling, T., Eriksson, L., Friman, M., Olsson, L.E., Fujii, S., (2011). Satisfaction with travel and subjective well-being: Development and test of a measurement tool. Transportation Research Part F 14 (2011) 167–175.
Evans, P. B. (Ed.). (2002). Livable cities: Urban struggles for livelihood and sustainability. Univ of California Press.
Hagerty, M.R., Cummins, R.A., Ferriss, A.L., et al., 2001. Quality of life indexes for national policy: review and agenda for research. Soc. Indic. Res. 55 (1), 1–96.
Howley, P., Scott, M., Redmond, D., (2009). Sustainability versus livability: an investigation of neighborhood satisfaction. J. Environ. Plann. Manage. 52 (6), 847–864.
https://monocle.com/film/affairs/quality-of-life-survey-top-25-cities-2019/
https://www.mercer.com/newsroom/2019-quality-of-living-survey.html
Jabareen, Y. (2006). Sustainable Urban Forms. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 26, 38 - 52.
Jenks, M. & Burgess, R. (eds) (2000) Compact Cities: Sustainable Urban Forms for Developing Countries. (USA and Canada: Spon Press).
Jenks, M., & Dempsey, N. (Eds.). (2005). Future Forms and Design for Sustainable Cities (1st ed.). Routledge.
Kellert, S. R. (2005). Building for life designing and understanding the human-nature connection. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Kovacs-Gyori, A., Cabrera-Barona, P., Resch, B., Mehaffy, M., & Blaschke, T. (2019). Assessing and Representing Livability through the Analysis of Residential Preference. Sustainability, 11(18), 4934.
Lee, R.J., & Sener, I.N. (2016). Transportation Planning and Quality of Life: Where Do They Intersect? Transport policy, 48, 146-155.
Ley, D., (1990). Urban livability in context. Urban Geography. 11 (1), 31–35.
Li, Xuefeng & Yang, Han & Jia, Jin & Shen, Yun & Liu, Jiaqi. (2020). Index system of sustainable rural development based on the concept of ecological livability. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 86. 106478. 10.1016/j.eiar.2020.106478.
Liang, Li & Deng, Xiangzheng & Wang, Pei & Wang, Zehao & Wang, Lishuang. (2020). Assessment of the impact of climate change on cities livability in China. Science of The Total Environment. 726. 138339. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138339.
Lund, H. (2003). Testing the Claims of New Urbanism: Local Access, Pedestrian Travel, and Neighboring Behaviors. Journal of the American Planning Association, 69(4), 414 - 429.
Lyndhurst, B. (2004). Livability & Sustainable Development: Bad Habits & Hard Choices. London: Final Report for the UK Office of the Deputy Prime Minister.
Macdonald, E. (2006). Street-facing Dwelling Units and Livability: The Impacts of Emerging Building Types in Vancouver's New High-density Residential Neighborhoods. UC Berkeley: Institute of Urban and Regional Development.
Mahmudi, M. et al (2015), livable streets: the effects if physical problems on the quality and livability of kualalampur streets, Cities, No 43, pp 104-114.
Merriam Webster. (2018, March 1). Retrieved April 23, 2018, from https://www.merriam-webster.com.
Michael Pacione (1990) URBAN LIVEABILITY: A REVIEW, Urban Geography, 11:1, 1-30,
Miller, H., Witlox, F., & Tribby, C.P. (2013). Developing context-sensitive livability indicators for transportation planning: a measurement framework. Journal of Transport Geography, 26, 51-64.
Mushtaha, E., Alsyouf, I., Labadi, L.A., Hamad, R., Khatib, N., & Mutawa, M.A. (2020). Application of AHP and a mathematical index to estimate livability in tourist districts: The case of Al Qasba in Sharjah. Collection of Frontiers of Architectural Research, 9, 872-889.
Newman, P. (1999). Sustainability and cities: extending the metabolism model. Landscape and Urban Planning, 44, 219-226.
Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Khreis, H., Triguero-Mas, M., Gascon, M., & Dadvand, P. (2017). Fifty Shades of Green: Pathway to Healthy Urban Living. Epidemiology, 28, 63–71.
OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development).
Okulicz-Kozaryn A (2013) City life: Rankings (livability) versus perceptions (satisfaction). Social Indicators Research 110(2): 433–451.
Ottawa country planning commission, (2004), Ottawa county urban smart growth, planning and grants department.
Oxford English Dictionary, 1998. edition 2nd, 8.
Pan, L., Yang, F., Lu, F., Qin, S., Yan, H., & Peng, R. (2020). Multi-Agent Simulation of Safe Livability and Sustainable Development in Cities. Sustainability, 12(5), 2070.
Pandey, R., Garg, Y., & Bharat, A. (2014). Quantitative Approach for Understanding Perspectives on Livability in Indian Context. International Journal on Emerging Technologies 5, no. 1(1), 1-7.
Paul, A., & Sen, J. (2018). Livability assessment within a metropolis based on the impact of integrated urban geographic factors (IUGFs) on clustering urban centers of Kolkata. Cities, 74, 142-150.
PPS, how to turn a place around, Project for Public Spaces (PPS); 2000.
Quastel N (2017) Urban quality of life/livability. In: Wiley Online Library Publisher(ed) The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social Theory, pp.1–3. John Wiley & Sons. DOI: 10.1002/ 9781118430873.est0548.
Raman, S. (2010). Designing a liveable compact city: physical forms of city and social life in urban neighborhoods. Built Environment, 36, 63-80.
Rebecca L. H. (2008) Shanghai’s rapid urbanization: How sustainable, Built Environment, 34, pp. 532–546.
Rebecca L. H. Chiu (2012) Urban Sustainability and the Urban Forms of China's Leading Mega Cities: Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, Urban Policy and Research, 30:4, 359-383,
Risom, J. (2016). Livabilitization: Numbing the Urban Experience.
Sasanpoor, F., Tavalayi, S., & Jafari Asadabadi, H. (2015). Measuring and assessing the livability of twenty-two metropolitan districts of Tehran. Quarterly Journal of Regional Planning, 5(18), 27-42. (In Persian).
Song, Y. (2011). A livable city study in China, using structural equation models. Journal of Research in urban studies. 1(38), 207-233.
Timmer, V., Seymoar, N. K., & International Centre for Sustainable Cities. (2005). The Livable City: World Urban Forum 2006, Vancouver Working Group Discussion Paper. Western Economic Diversification Canada.
Urban Land Institute (2013) 10 Principles for Livable High-Density Cities: Lessons from Singapore (Singapore: Urban Land Institute)
Valcárcel-Aguiar, B., Murias, P. (2018). Evaluation and Management of Urban Livability: A Goal Programming Based Composite Indicator. Soc Indic Res 142, 689–712
Victorian competition and efficiency commission (2008), A state of Livability: An in inquire in to enhancing Victoria’s Livability, final report
Wang, X., (2010.) The research on the evaluation index system of livable rural areas in China—by the case of rural areas in Henan Province. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia 1, 456–461.
Wiktionary. (2017).
Williams, K. (2000) Does intensifying cities make them more sustainable, in: K. Williams, E. Burton & M. Jenks (Eds) Achieving Sustainable Urban Form London: E & FN Spon.
Wilson F. D. (1984). Urban ecology: urbanization and systems of cities. Annual review of sociology, 10, 283–307. Jacobs, J., 1961. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Random House, Inc, New York.
